Official Government Gazete

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National Laws No(s). 312-324 on Data Privacy and Digitalization Turkish
Turkish National Code 18

Digital Identity and Authentication Act:

This legislation lays the groundwork for a secure and efficient digital identity system. It establishes legal provisions for creating and managing digital identities, emphasizing stringent standards for authentication mechanisms. The law aims to protect citizen data and privacy, ensuring a reliable and secure foundation for Türkiye’s digital bureaucracy.

Under the legislature, Turkish citizens will receive an e-ID which will serve in complement to their physical ID. The e-ID will be used for all government services online including voting, requesting travel documents, paying taxes, and other government activities.

As part of the legislature, Turkish citizens will be required to authenticate their biometric information at their local government offices for authentication in order to receive an e-ID. The data protection and Privacy Act protects Turkish citizen’s from undue aggregation of their data both digital and biometric.

Data Protection and Privacy Enhancement Act:

Building on existing data protection laws, this act addresses the unique requirements of a digital bureaucracy. It strengthens measures for securely handling, storing, and transmitting citizen data. The law prioritizes enhanced safeguards, reflecting Türkiye’s commitment to protecting the privacy of its citizens in the digital era.

The legislature protects Turkish citizens, residents, and those under its jurisdiction from being directly or indirectly from data that is available. This prohibits data sharing that include a person's name, location data, IP addresses, and cookie identifiers can be considered as personal data.

Additionally, under the law, personal data that includes information about racial or ethnic origin, political opinions, religious beliefs, membership of trade unions, genetic and biometric data, health information, and data is prohibited.

The prohibition means that Turkish companies, foreign entities operating inside Türkiye, and the Turkish Government can not commercialize personal data. The Turkish Information Commission Office (TBK) will be responsible for determining what data falls outside of those explicitly prohibited under the statute.

Interoperability Standards and Data Exchange Act:

This legislation defines crucial standards for interoperability among diverse government systems. Its primary focus is to facilitate seamless data exchange between government agencies while prioritizing security and compliance. By promoting standardized communication protocols, the law aims to enhance efficiency and coordination across the digital landscape.

Under the legislature, there would be a single national digital service that regional and provisional governments may opt into. The remaining public sector services will remain interoperable with each other and ensure that data exchanges are securely done within the confines of the Data Protection and Privacy Act.

Digital Service Accessibility Act:

Ensuring inclusivity, this act mandates that all government digital services be accessible to citizens with disabilities. It establishes clear guidelines for user interface design, emphasizing accessibility and an improved user experience. This reflects Türkiye’s commitment to providing equal access to public services for all citizens.

Under the legislature the Digital Accessibility Act aims to provide services that are accessible to those with physical, mental, and other forms of disability.

Cybersecurity and Incident Response Framework:

Enacted to fortify government digital systems, this legislation mandates robust cybersecurity measures. It defines a clear incident response framework, ensuring prompt identification and mitigation of cyber threats. The law underscores Türkiye’s dedication to safeguarding its digital infrastructure from potential cyber risks.

The National Intelligence Organization (MIT) has been tasked with enhancing government infrastructure from cyberattack and malware operations using modern best practices. The FSO is provided expansive resources and legal frameworks to undertake these measures within the public's interest and national security interests.

Digital Literacy and Inclusion Act:

Focusing on citizen empowerment, this act develops a legal framework to promote digital literacy. It includes measures to bridge the digital divide, ensuring inclusivity in accessing digital services. By fostering digital literacy, Türkiye’s aims to empower all citizens to fully participate in the digital governance model. Under the act, Türkiye’s education system would require computer science courses for all its students.

Electronic Transactions and Signatures Act:
Recognizing the evolution of transactions, this law affirms the legal validity of electronic signatures. It establishes a clear legal framework for electronic contracts and agreements, fostering the digitalization of official transactions while ensuring legal certainty and security.

Under this Act, documents will be recognized by courts with an electronic signature with the exception of emails and insofar as emails are concerned it will be determined based on judicial review and extrinsic evidence.

Government Procurement for Technology Act:

Streamlining the acquisition of digital technologies, this act optimizes the government procurement process. It encourages healthy competition and innovation among technology providers, ensuring efficient and cost-effective deployment of digital solutions for government projects.

Digital Infrastructure Investment Act:

Addressing the backbone of digital transformation, this legislation allocates funds and resources for developing and maintaining digital infrastructure. It ensures a sustainable financial model to continuously enhance and optimize digital systems for the benefit of citizens.

Public-Private Partnership in Digital Governance Act:

This act establishes guidelines for collaboration between the government and the private sector in implementing digital solutions. It encourages innovation and investment through public-private partnerships, fostering a collaborative approach to advancing digital governance in Türkiye.

International Collaboration and Standards Adoption Act:

Facilitating global cooperation, this legislation encourages collaboration with international partners. It promotes the sharing of best practices and the adoption of international standards to ensure compatibility and global interoperability in Türkiye's digital governance initiatives.

Digital Government Transparency and Accountability Act:

Prioritizing transparency, this act ensures citizens have access to information about government processes and decisions within the digital bureaucracy. It defines mechanisms for accountability, fostering trust and openness in the functioning of digital governance.

Authorization for and Standards of Pilot Programs and Evaluation:

Providing a structured approach, this law establishes a legal framework for initiating pilot programs. It outlines procedures for the thorough evaluation and refinement of digital systems based on pilot outcomes, ensuring a systematic and adaptive implementation process.

Continuous Review and Update Act:

Mandating regular assessments, this legislation ensures periodic reviews of digital governance laws to adapt to technological advancements. It emphasizes the importance of a responsive legal framework, reflecting Türkiye's commitment to staying at the forefront of digital innovation.

 

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National Laws No(s). 324-325 on the law of Consumer Protection
Turkish National Code 16

Chapter I: General Provisions

Article 1: Purpose

1. This law aims to protect consumers' rights, ensure fair trade practices, and promote transparency and accountability in consumer transactions.

Article 2: Definitions

1. Consumer: Any natural or legal person acting for purposes outside their trade, business, craft, or profession.
2. Supplier/Business: Any natural or legal person acting for purposes related to their trade, business, craft, or profession.
3. Consumer Transaction: Any contract or legal act between a consumer and a supplier/business.
4. Consumer Protection Authority: The designated body responsible for enforcing consumer protection laws.
5. Forced Labor: Work that is performed involuntarily and under threat of any penalty, as defined by international labor standards.

Chapter II: Consumer Rights

Article 3: Right to Transparent Information

1. Access to Clear and Transparent Information:
   Consumers have the right to access clear, accurate, and understandable information about products and services offered in the market. Businesses shall provide comprehensive details regarding the quality, ingredients, safety precautions, and environmental impact of their products or services.
2. Obligation of Businesses:
   Businesses must disclose all relevant information that may influence consumer decisions, including pricing, warranties, terms of service, and any potential risks associated with the use of products or services. This information shall be provided in a manner that is easily accessible and comprehensible to consumers.
3. Prohibition of Misleading Practices:
   It is prohibited for businesses to engage in misleading advertising, deceptive practices, or false claims regarding their products or services. Any information provided to consumers must be truthful, accurate, and not likely to deceive or confuse consumers.

Article 4: Right to Product Safety and Quality

1. Safe and Quality Products:
   Consumers have the right to expect that products and services offered for sale are safe for their intended use, comply with relevant safety standards, and meet reasonable expectations regarding quality and performance.
2. Business Responsibilities:
   Businesses are responsible for ensuring the safety and quality of their products throughout the entire lifecycle, from manufacturing to distribution and use. They must conduct rigorous testing, adhere to industry standards, and promptly address any safety concerns or defects identified.
3. Liability for Defective Products:
   Businesses shall be held strictly liable for any harm caused to consumers due to defective products. This includes physical injury, property damage, or financial loss resulting from product defects, inadequate warnings, or improper instructions for use.

Article 5: Right to Redress and Compensation

1. Access to Effective Remedies:
   Consumers have the right to seek redress and obtain effective remedies for harm caused by defective products or services, inadequate performance, or breaches of consumer rights. Businesses must establish accessible and efficient procedures for handling consumer complaints and providing appropriate remedies.
2. Compensation for Damages:
   In cases where consumers suffer harm or financial loss due to business negligence or violation of consumer rights, businesses are obligated to provide fair compensation. This may include reimbursement for expenses incurred, replacement of defective products, or monetary compensation for damages.

Article 6: Right to Fair Contract Terms

1. Fair and Transparent Contracts:
   Consumers have the right to fair and transparent contract terms that are not biased in favor of businesses. Contracts must be written in clear and understandable language, outlining the rights and obligations of both parties, including pricing, cancellation policies, and dispute resolution mechanisms.
2. Prohibition of Unfair Contract Terms:
   Businesses are prohibited from including unfair contract terms that disproportionately benefit them or impose unreasonable burdens on consumers. Terms that limit consumer rights, unfairly shift risks to consumers, or lack clarity and transparency are deemed unfair and unenforceable.

Article 7: Business Liability for Violation of Consumer Rights

1. Strict Liability Principle:
   Businesses shall be held strictly liable for violations of consumer rights, including failure to provide accurate information, selling unsafe products, engaging in deceptive practices, or breaching contractual obligations. This liability extends to all stages of the business operation, from marketing and sales to after-sales service.
2. Enforcement and Penalties:
   Consumer protection authorities are empowered to enforce compliance with consumer rights laws through inspections, investigations, and sanctions. Businesses found in violation may face administrative fines, product recalls, corrective measures, and other penalties proportional to the severity of the offense.
3. Consumer Class Actions:
   Consumers have the right to initiate class actions or collective redress procedures against businesses for widespread or systematic violations of consumer rights. These actions enable consumers to seek collective remedies, including injunctions, compensation, and changes in business practices, without the need for individual lawsuits.

Article 8: Right to Education and Awareness

1. Consumer Education Programs:
   Consumers have the right to access comprehensive education and awareness programs aimed at promoting consumer rights, responsibilities, and best practices. Businesses are encouraged to participate in these programs to foster a culture of consumer protection and ethical business conduct.
2. Promotion of Consumer Awareness:
   Consumer protection authorities shall actively promote consumer awareness campaigns, disseminate information about consumer rights and available remedies, and empower consumers to make informed decisions in the marketplace.

Chapter III: Obligations of Businesses

Article 9: Fair Trade Practices
Businesses must conduct their operations in a manner that is honest, fair, and in good faith, avoiding deceptive, fraudulent, and unfair practices.
Section 8.1: Prohibition of Forced Labor Products

1. Assessment of Forced Labor Risk:
   The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Trade shall jointly assess the likelihood of products being made with forced labor. This assessment shall consider information from international organizations, foreign governments, non-governmental organizations, and other credible sources.
2. Imposition of Tariffs and Trade Restrictions:
   Based on the assessment, the Ministry of Trade is authorized to:
   a. Impose tariffs on goods suspected of being produced with forced labor.
   b. Reject the entry of goods into Turkey that are identified as being produced with forced labor.
   c. Seize goods already within Turkey's borders if credible evidence of forced labor production is found.
3. Publication of Blacklist:
   The Ministry of Trade shall maintain and publish a list of companies and products identified as using forced labor. This list shall be updated regularly and made publicly available.
4. Collaboration with International Bodies:
   The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Trade shall collaborate with international bodies and participate in global initiatives to combat forced labor, ensuring alignment with international standards and practices.
5. Reporting Requirements:
   The Ministry of Trade shall report annually to the Parliament on the actions taken to prevent the importation of goods produced with forced labor, including the number of assessments conducted, tariffs imposed, goods rejected or seized, and the effectiveness of these measures.

Article 10: Product Liability

1. Businesses are liable for any harm caused by defective products, including compensatory damages.

Article 11: Disclosure Obligations

1. Businesses must disclose complete and accurate information about their products and services, including prices, features, and terms.

Chapter IV: Enforcement Mechanisms

Article 12: Consumer Protection Authority

1. The Consumer Protection Authority is responsible for enforcing this law, investigating complaints, and imposing penalties for violations.

Article 13: Consumer Arbitration Committees

1. Consumer Arbitration Committees are established to resolve disputes between consumers and businesses efficiently and fairly.

Article 14: Administrative Penalties

1. The Consumer Protection Authority has the power to impose fines, sanctions, and corrective measures on businesses that violate consumer protection laws.

Chapter V: Legal Actions

Article 15: Stand-Alone Actions

1. Consumers and businesses can initiate stand-alone legal actions independently to address specific violations of consumer protection laws.

Article 16: Follow-On Actions

1. Consumers and businesses can initiate follow-on actions based on prior regulatory decisions or findings by consumer protection authorities.

Article 17: Statute of Limitations

1. The statute of limitations for stand-alone actions is two years from the date the harmed party becomes aware of the damage and the responsible party. Follow-on actions must be initiated within the prescribed time limit after the regulatory decision becomes final.

Chapter VI: International and Regional Cooperation

Article 18: Baseline Standards for Consumer Protection

1. Adherence to Baseline Standards:
   Turkey's consumer protection laws shall serve as the baseline standards for all international and regional cooperation efforts. These standards ensure a high level of consumer protection, promoting fair trade, safety, and the well-being of consumers.
2. Alignment with International Treaties:
   Turkey shall align its consumer protection laws with international treaties and agreements to which it is a party. This includes, but is not limited to, agreements established by the United Nations, World Trade Organization, and other relevant international bodies.
3. Promotion of Higher Standards:
   In all international and regional negotiations, Turkey shall advocate for consumer protection standards that meet or exceed its own. Efforts shall be made to encourage partner countries to adopt higher standards that align with international best practices.

Article 19: Protection of Domestic Standards

1. Safeguarding Domestic Standards:
   Turkey shall not lower its consumer protection standards to comply with international agreements that mandate lower standards. Any international or regional agreement must be evaluated to ensure it does not compromise Turkey’s existing consumer protection framework.
2. Assessment of International Standards:
   The Ministry of Trade and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs shall assess international consumer protection standards to identify any potential risks to Turkey's current standards. If an international standard is found to be lower, Turkey shall negotiate for exemptions or higher standards within the agreement.
3. Maintenance of High Standards in Trade Agreements:
   All trade agreements entered into by Turkey shall include provisions that maintain or enhance consumer protection standards. Any agreement that necessitates a reduction in consumer protection standards shall be subject to parliamentary review and approval.

Article 20: Encouragement of Regional Cooperation

1. Regional Consumer Protection Initiatives:
   Turkey shall participate in and promote regional initiatives aimed at improving consumer protection standards. This includes collaboration with neighboring countries and regional organizations to harmonize and elevate consumer protection practices.
2. Sharing of Best Practices:
   Turkey shall actively share its best practices in consumer protection with other countries and regions, fostering a cooperative approach to consumer rights and safety.
3. Technical Assistance and Capacity Building:
   Turkey shall provide technical assistance and capacity-building support to partner countries seeking to improve their consumer protection frameworks. This support may include training, resources, and expertise in areas such as regulatory enforcement, consumer education, and legal reforms.

Article 21: Monitoring and Reporting

1. Monitoring Compliance with International Standards:
   The Ministry of Trade, in collaboration with the Consumer Protection Authority, shall monitor compliance with international consumer protection standards and report any discrepancies or areas for improvement.
2. Annual Reporting:
   The Ministry of Trade shall submit an annual report to the Parliament detailing Turkey's international and regional cooperation efforts in consumer protection. This report shall include assessments of international agreements, actions taken to maintain domestic standards, and outcomes of regional initiatives.
3. Public Transparency:
   All reports and assessments related to international and regional consumer protection cooperation shall be made publicly available, ensuring transparency and accountability in Turkey's efforts to uphold and enhance consumer protection standards.

Article 22: Cooperation Agreements

1. Türkiye shall participate in international and regional cooperative mechanisms to address cross-border consumer protection issues.

Article 23: Implementation of Agreements

1. The Ministry of Trade is responsible for implementing international agreements related to consumer protection and ensuring compliance with international standards.

Chapter VII: Appeal Processes

Article 24: Administrative Appeals

1. Decisions made by Consumer Arbitration Committees and the Consumer Protection Authority can be appealed to higher administrative bodies, such as Regional Administrative Courts.

Article 25: Judicial Appeals

1. Consumers and businesses have the right to appeal court decisions related to consumer protection to higher judicial instances, including the Court of Cassation.

Article 26: Stay of Execution

1. Appealing a decision does not automatically suspend the enforcement of penalties or fines. Parties can request a stay of execution pending the outcome of the appeal.

Chapter VIII: Current Trends and Reforms

Article 27: Monitoring and Reporting

1. The Consumer Protection Authority shall monitor enforcement trends and report on issues such as energy sector compliance, product liability, and malpractice.

Article 28: Legislative Reforms

1. The Ministry of Trade shall review and propose necessary reforms to consumer protection laws to address emerging issues and enhance consumer rights.

Chapter IX: Final Provisions

Article 29: Implementation

1. This law shall be implemented by the Ministry of Trade, the Consumer Protection Authority, and other relevant agencies.

Article 30: Repeal of Previous Laws

1. All previous laws and regulations in conflict with this law are hereby repealed.

Article 31: Entry into Force

1. This law shall enter into force on the date of its publication in the Official Gazette.

Article 32: Compliance

1. Businesses and relevant authorities shall ensure compliance with the provisions of this law within six months from its entry into force.

 

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Law on the Authorization of Funding for Water Treatment and Water Security​

Preamble:

Recognizing the critical importance of ensuring safe and clean water for all citizens, addressing the growing challenges related to water scarcity, pollution, and climate change, and aiming to enhance national water security through improved infrastructure and technology, the Grand National Assembly of Turkey enacts the following law:

Article 1: Objective

This law authorizes the allocation of twenty-eight billion US dollars ($2,800,000,000) for the development, improvement, and maintenance of water treatment and water security operations across the Republic of Türkiye.

Article 2: Funding Allocation

Total Amount:
The total amount of funding authorized under this law is two point eight billion US dollars ($2,800,000,000).

Source of Funds:
The funds shall be sourced from the national budget and other appropriate financial instruments as determined by the Ministry of Finance.

Disbursement Schedule:
The funds shall be disbursed over a period of five years, beginning in the current fiscal year. The annual disbursement schedule shall be determined by the Ministry of Finance in consultation with the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization.

Article 3: Utilization of Funds

Water Treatment Facilities:
a. Construction of new water treatment plants in urban and rural areas.
b. Upgrading and modernizing existing water treatment infrastructure.
c. Implementation of advanced water purification technologies.

Water Security Measures:
a. Development and enhancement of water storage facilities, including reservoirs and dams.
b. Implementation of water conservation and management programs.
c. Strengthening the monitoring and regulation of water quality and usage.

Research and Development:
a. Funding research initiatives focused on innovative water treatment and conservation technologies.
b. Supporting pilot projects that demonstrate effective water management solutions.

Capacity Building:
a. Training programs for personnel involved in water treatment and management.
b. Public awareness campaigns to promote water conservation and responsible usage.

Article 4: Implementation and Oversight

Responsible Authorities:
The Ministry of Environment and Urbanization shall be primarily responsible for the implementation of projects funded under this law, in collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, the Ministry of Health, and other relevant government bodies.

Oversight and Accountability:
a. A dedicated oversight committee shall be established to monitor the utilization of funds and the progress of projects.
b. The committee shall include representatives from relevant ministries, civil society organizations, and independent experts.
c. The committee shall submit bi-annual reports to the Grand National Assembly detailing the status of funded projects and the expenditure of funds.

Article 5: Legal Provisions

Regulatory Framework:
The Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, in consultation with other relevant ministries, shall develop and implement regulations necessary to enforce the provisions of this law.

Penalties:
Any misuse or misallocation of funds authorized under this law shall be subject to penalties as stipulated in existing anti-corruption and financial misconduct laws.

Article 6: Entry into Force

This law shall enter into force on the date of its publication in the Official Gazette.

Article 7: Execution

The Council of Ministers is responsible for the execution of this law.

This law is hereby enacted by the Grand National Assembly of Türkiye

 

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Corporate Anti-Bribery and Anti-Corruption (ABAC) Compliance Act​

Preamble:

Acknowledging the vital role of corporate integrity in fostering a fair and competitive business environment, and aiming to combat bribery and corruption within corporate operations, the Grand National Assembly of Türkiye enacts the following law to hold corporations liable for acts of bribery and corruption and mandate the establishment of Anti-Bribery and Anti-Corruption (ABAC) compliance programs.

Article 1: Objective

This law aims to prevent, detect, and penalize bribery and corruption within corporate entities, mandating the implementation of comprehensive ABAC compliance programs to ensure ethical business practices.

Article 2: Definitions

Bribery:
Offering, giving, receiving, or soliciting something of value to influence the actions of an official or other person in charge of a public or private duty.

Corruption:
Abuse of entrusted power for private gain, including bribery, embezzlement, fraud, and other illicit activities.

Corporate Entity:
Any company, corporation, partnership, or other legal entity, whether publicly or privately owned, engaged in commercial activities.

Compliance Program:
A set of internal policies, procedures, and controls designed to prevent and detect bribery and corruption within a corporate entity.

Foreign Official:
Any officer or employee of a foreign government or any department, agency, or instrumentality thereof, or of a public international organization, or any person acting in an official capacity for or on behalf of any such government or department.

Article 3: Scope

This law applies to all corporate entities operating within the jurisdiction of the Republic of Türkiye, including subsidiaries of foreign corporations.

Article 4: Corporate Liability

Vicarious Liability:
Corporate entities shall be held liable for bribery and corruption offenses committed by their employees, agents, or subsidiaries acting within the scope of their employment or agency.

Strict Liability:
Corporate entities shall be strictly liable for failing to prevent bribery and corruption if adequate compliance measures are not implemented.

Article 5: Mandatory ABAC Compliance Programs

Program Requirements:
All corporate entities must establish and maintain an effective ABAC compliance program that includes, at a minimum:
a. A written anti-bribery and anti-corruption policy endorsed by senior management.
b. Procedures for risk assessment and mitigation.
c. Regular training programs for employees and agents.
d. Mechanisms for confidential reporting and whistleblower protection.
e. Internal controls, auditing, and monitoring processes.
f. Disciplinary measures for violations of the ABAC policy.
g. Accurate record-keeping and maintenance of adequate accounting controls to accurately reflect transactions.

Certification and Reporting:
a. Corporate entities shall annually certify their compliance with ABAC requirements to the Ministry of Trade.
b. An annual ABAC compliance report, including details of implemented measures and any incidents of bribery or corruption, shall be submitted to the Ministry of Trade.

Third-Party Due Diligence:
Corporate entities shall conduct due diligence on business partners, suppliers, and other third parties to ensure compliance with ABAC standards. This includes reassessing internal controls and compliance programs to identify and remediate corrupt behavior.

Internal Controls:
Corporate entities must maintain rigorous internal controls and compliance programs to ensure effective identification and remediation of corrupt behavior.

Article 6: Penalties and Sanctions

Administrative Sanctions:
a. Corporate entities failing to establish and maintain an ABAC compliance program shall be subject to administrative fines.
b. The Ministry of Trade may impose additional sanctions, including suspension of business licenses and disqualification from public contracts.

Criminal Penalties:
a. Corporate entities found guilty of bribery or corruption shall face substantial fines, forfeiture of assets, and other penalties as stipulated in the criminal code.
b. Responsible officers and employees may be subject to imprisonment and personal fines.

Mitigation of Penalties:
Corporate entities that can demonstrate the existence of a robust ABAC compliance program and proactive measures taken to prevent bribery and corruption may receive reduced penalties.

Article 7: Affirmative Defenses

Lawful Payment:
The provisions of this law do not apply if a payment or offer was lawful under the written laws of the relevant foreign country.

Reasonable and Bona Fide Expenditure:
The provisions of this law do not apply if the payment or offer was a reasonable and bona fide expenditure directly related to the promotion, demonstration, or explanation of products or services, or the execution or performance of a contract with a foreign government or agency thereof.

Article 8: Oversight and Enforcement

Responsible Authority:
The Ministry of Trade, in collaboration with the Ministry of Justice, shall be responsible for overseeing the implementation and enforcement of this law.

Inspection and Auditing:
The Ministry of Trade shall have the authority to conduct inspections and audits of corporate entities to ensure compliance with ABAC requirements.

Public Register:
A public register of corporate entities' ABAC compliance status shall be maintained by the Ministry of Trade.

Article 9: Whistleblower Protection

Protection Measures:
Employees and other individuals who report bribery or corruption in good faith shall be protected from retaliation, including dismissal, harassment, or any other adverse actions.

Confidential Reporting:
Corporate entities shall establish confidential reporting mechanisms to facilitate the reporting of ABAC violations and ensure that issues are promptly escalated.

Article 10: Entry into Force

This law shall enter into force on the date of its publication in the Official Gazette.

Article 11: Execution

The Council of Ministers is responsible for the execution of this law.

This law is hereby enacted by the Grand National Assembly of Türkiye.

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