Standard Operation Procedures for the Royal Land Forces

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ROYAL POLISH LAND FORCES​

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STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE (SOP)​

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TITLE: Close Air Support (CAS) Request Procedures​

REFERENCE ID: SOP-PRLF-CAS-002
DATE ISSUED: 01 August, 2006
APPROVAL: Royal General Staff, Land Forces Operations Directorate​

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1. PURPOSE​

This SOP provides standardized procedures for requesting, coordinating, and controlling Close Air Support (CAS) missions in support of Polish Royal Land Forces and Special Operations Forces (SOF). It outlines CAS request formats, communications, roles, responsibilities, and safety protocols to ensure precise, effective, and coordinated firepower in support of ground operations.

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2. SCOPE​

This SOP applies to all units under PRLF and affiliated Joint Terminal Attack Controllers (JTACs), Air Liaison Officers (ALOs), and SOF elements operating with organic or attached air assets in combat environments.

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3. DEFINITIONS​

• CAS (Close Air Support): Air action by fixed-wing or rotary-wing aircraft against hostile targets in close proximity to friendly forces.
• JTAC (Joint Terminal Attack Controller): Qualified personnel authorized to control CAS missions.
• 9-Line CAS Request: Standardized format used to request and coordinate CAS.

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4. RESPONSIBILITIES​

• Ground Force Commander (GFC): Initiates CAS request through JTAC/ALO.
• JTAC/ALO: Prepares 9-line, establishes comms with aircrew, ensures positive identification, and provides terminal attack guidance.
• CAS Pilot/Platform: Executes engagement based on clearance and confirmation of target, friendly positions, and ROE.
• RAC Liaison: Coordinates asset allocation and deconfliction at operational level.

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5. CAS REQUEST PROCESS​

5.1 Initial Coordination​

1. Operational Need Identified
2. GFC Notifies JTAC/ALO
3. JTAC Prepares 9-Line CAS Brief

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5.2 9-Line CAS Request Format​

Line	Information
1	IP/BP (Initial Point/Battle Position)
2	Heading and Offset (Degrees from IP/BP)
3	Distance (From IP/BP to target)
4	Target Elevation (Feet MSL)
5	Target Description (e.g., infantry in the open, armored vehicles)
6	Target Location (Grid or Lat/Long)
7	Mark Type (IR, smoke, laser, etc.)
8	Friendlies (Location relative to target)
9	Egress Route (Direction aircraft should take after attack)

Remarks: Include threats, restrictions, weather, laser codes, night capability, or other essential notes.

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5.3 Communication Protocols​

• Primary Net: Fire Support Net (VHF) or assigned JTAC frequency
• Backup: HF/VHF command net
• Call Signs: Unit-specific per OPORD
• Laser Code: Assigned per aircraft/sensor
• Authentication: Via established brevity or crypto system

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6. EXECUTION STANDARDS​

6.1 Rotary-Wing CAS (e.g., W-3PL Głuszec)​

• Ideal for urban, jungle, or mountainous environments
• Capable of low-altitude ingress and flexible engagement
• Use for suppressive fire or on-call response
• Weapons: 23mm cannon, 70mm rockets, door gunners

JTAC must:

• Maintain visual contact
• Mark targets with IR or smoke
• Clear engagement with “Cleared Hot”

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6.2 Fixed-Wing CAS (e.g., F/A-26 'Grot', Su-25)​

• Ideal for high-intensity conflicts and precision strikes
• JDAM, Paveway, or gun runs available
• Must maintain safe distance from friendlies (“danger close” procedure as needed)

JTAC must:

• Confirm laser code match
• Provide terminal attack direction
• Ensure all deconfliction and safety measures are met

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7. DANGER CLOSE PROTOCOLS​

Engagement within 600 meters of friendly troops requires:

• Commander's approval
• Danger Close line in remarks
• Visual PID of friendlies and target
• Read-back of clearance by aircraft

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8. SPECIAL OPERATIONS VARIANT (SOF)​

Key Adjustments:​

• Emphasis on stealth and precision
• May operate without conventional fire support assets
• Use laser designation, IR pointers, and secure comms exclusively
• Night ops expected: NVG-equipped platforms required
• High likelihood of “danger close” – extra terminal control precautions mandatory

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9. POST-STRIKE REPORT​

JTAC must submit a Battle Damage Assessment (BDA) report within 15 minutes:

• Confirmed destruction/neutralization
• Remaining threats
• Civilian impact, if any
• Effectiveness rating

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10. TRAINING REQUIREMENTS​

• JTAC certification required annually
• CAS simulation drills quarterly
• Aircrew integration exercises semi-annually
• Danger Close certification for all operational JTACs

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11. ANNEXES​

• Annex A: Sample 9-Line CAS Brief Template
• Annex B: ROE Card (Unclassified)
• Annex C: Frequency and Call Sign Matrix
• Annex D: Danger Close Weapons Table

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Annex A – CAS Request Formats

A1. Standard Radio Format (FIVE-LINE FORMAT)

1. Observer ID / Call Sign: Identify the requesting unit.
2. Warning Order: Indicate type of mission (e.g., "Request CAS").
3. Target Location: Provide grid coordinates or description.
4. Target Description: Type, activity, number, size, shape.
5. Remarks: Threats, friendly positions, desired effects.

Example: "Royal Falcon 1-1, this is Eagle 3-2. Request CAS. Target at Grid 45T 312540, 547671. Enemy mechanized platoon preparing assault. Marked with red smoke. Friendlies 400m south. Over."

A2. Digital Format (if using encrypted network or digital JTAC system)

• Mission Request Code
• Target Grid (MGRS/Lat-Long)
• Target Type
• Friendly Grid / Offset
• Desired Ordnance Effect
• Marking Method

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Annex B – Execution Procedures

B1. Command Structure

• JTAC (Joint Terminal Attack Controller): Responsible for terminal control.
• Fires Coordination Center (FCC): Deconfliction and mission approval.
• Air Tasking Cell (ATC): Confirms aircraft tasking and rerouting.

B2. CAS Engagement Flow

1. Request Submission: Unit sends FIVE-LINE or digital request.
2. Clearance to Proceed: FCC evaluates, assigns JTAC.
3. Aircraft Assignment: ATC dispatches F/A-26A or other assets.
4. Terminal Attack Control: JTAC guides aircraft with final target data.
5. Post-Strike Assessment: BDA submitted via encrypted channel.

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Annex C – ROE, Deconfliction, and Communication

C1. Rules of Engagement (ROE)

• Positive Identification (PID) required.
• Proportionality and necessity must be verified.
• "Danger Close" engagements require command approval.

C2. Deconfliction Procedures

• Use of FSCMs (Fire Support Coordination Measures):
  • No-Fire Areas
  • Restricted Fire Areas
  • Coordinated Fire Lines
• Vertical deconfliction maintained using altitudes per ATO.
• Ground and airspace updates synchronized every 6 hours.

C3. Communications Protocol

• Secure VHF/UHF comms, with SATCOM redundancy.
• Use brevity codes and standard JTAC phraseology.
• Comms check prior to T-Hour -2.

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Annex D – Danger Close Weapons Table (Updated)

Platform	Ordnance	Minimum Safe Distance
F/A-26A "Wrobel"	FAB-250 (250 kg general purpose)	285 m
	FAB-500 (500 kg general purpose)	340 m
	S-8 80mm unguided rockets	200 m
	GSh-30-1 30mm cannon	100 m
	Kh-25ML (laser-guided missile)	125 m
W-3PL Gluszec	23mm cannon	75 m
	S-5 unguided rockets	140 m
155mm Artillery	High Explosive (HE) shell	600 m

Danger Close Protocol:

• JTAC must declare: “Danger Close, request authorization.”
• Commanding officer must provide explicit approval, recorded with initials and time.
• Aircrew must read back final attack instructions before release.

 

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SOP for Field Artillery Support – Polish Royal Land Forces

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Document Number: SOP-PL-RLF-FAS-005
Title: Field Artillery Support
Version: 1.0
Effective Date: 01 August 2006
Approved by: Commanding General, Polish Royal Land Forces​

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1. Purpose​

This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) establishes the protocols and guidelines for requesting, coordinating, and executing Field Artillery Support (FAS) within the Polish Royal Land Forces (PRLF). The objective is to provide artillery support that enhances operational effectiveness, maximizes firepower efficiency, and minimizes risks to friendly forces.

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2. Scope​

This SOP applies to all combat, maneuver, and fire support units within the Polish Royal Land Forces that require the use of field artillery during operations. It governs the procedures for requesting artillery support, targeting, coordination, and execution in both defensive and offensive operations.

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3. Responsibilities​

3.1 Commanding General​

• Authorizes large-scale artillery operations and fire missions.
• Ensures that artillery assets are effectively integrated into the operational plan.

3.2 Field Artillery Commander​

• Overall responsibility for the execution of artillery missions.
• Coordinates the allocation of artillery resources based on the commander's guidance.

3.3 Fire Support Officer (FSO)​

• Acts as the primary liaison between maneuver units and artillery units.
• Coordinates the timing and targeting of artillery fire in support of the unit's objectives.

3.4 Artillery Units​

• Responsible for executing fire missions as directed by the FSO and Field Artillery Commander.
• Maintains readiness to respond to fire requests in a timely and effective manner.

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4. Field Artillery Support Process​

4.1 Request for Field Artillery Support​

• The request for artillery support can be initiated by the unit commander, Fire Support Officer (FSO), or other relevant personnel. The request must include the following key elements:

1. Target Description: Brief but detailed description of the target (e.g., enemy positions, equipment, or fortifications).
2. Target Location: Precise grid coordinates or landmark references for targeting.
3. Type of Fire Mission: Whether it is for suppression, destruction, interdiction, or illumination.
4. Desired Effect: Desired outcome (e.g., neutralizing enemy position, disrupting supply line, or preventing reinforcement).
5. Timing: When the fire support is required (e.g., immediate, delayed, or in coordination with a maneuver phase).

4.2 Targeting and Fire Mission Approval​

• The Fire Support Officer (FSO) coordinates with the Field Artillery Commander to ensure that the requested mission aligns with overall operational objectives.
• The Field Artillery Commander or designated staff reviews the request and approves the fire mission based on available artillery assets and the tactical situation.
• Once approved, the request is forwarded to the artillery units for execution.

4.3 Coordination and Execution​

• Coordination:
  • FSO ensures that all units involved in the operation are aware of the planned artillery support and its timing.
  • Artillery units receive the finalized fire mission details and begin preparations.
  • Deconfliction with other fire support assets (e.g., aviation, airstrikes) is critical to avoid friendly fire incidents.
• Execution:
  • Artillery units fire as per the mission order, utilizing the appropriate caliber and type of ammunition (e.g., HE, DPICM, illumination, smoke).
  • Fire missions can be conducted in a single salvo or multiple barrages depending on the required effects.
  • FSO ensures that the impact of the artillery fire is assessed through forward observers or reconnaissance assets.

4.4 Fire Mission Termination and Assessment​

• After the fire mission has been executed, the FSO assesses the effectiveness of the strike based on observation reports and other feedback.
• If necessary, follow-up fire missions can be requested to ensure the target is neutralized or additional targets are engaged.
• The artillery units are debriefed to provide feedback and to adjust tactics or targeting for future missions.

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5. Types of Field Artillery Fire Missions​

5.1 Counter-Battery Fire​

• Objective: To neutralize or destroy enemy artillery or mortars.
• Procedure: The FSO provides the location of the enemy artillery based on intelligence or targeting data. Artillery units engage enemy positions with counter-battery fire, typically with rapid response to disrupt enemy artillery support.

5.2 Suppression Fire​

• Objective: To suppress or neutralize enemy forces in defensive positions or to reduce their ability to respond effectively.
• Procedure: Artillery fires concentrated barrages on identified enemy forces or defensive positions to disrupt their activities, movement, or morale.

5.3 Destruction Fire​

• Objective: To destroy key enemy equipment or fortifications.
• Procedure: A precision strike to neutralize high-value enemy targets such as command posts, weapon storage sites, and infrastructure.

5.4 Interdiction Fire​

• Objective: To deny the enemy the use of a route or specific area.
• Procedure: Artillery engages key terrain or routes to disrupt enemy supply lines, reinforcements, or retreating units.

5.5 Illumination Fire​

• Objective: To illuminate the battlefield at night or during low-visibility conditions.
• Procedure: Artillery fires illumination rounds to provide visibility for friendly forces or disrupt enemy movement.

5.6 Smoke Fire​

• Objective: To create smoke screens for concealment or protection of friendly units.
• Procedure: Artillery fires smoke rounds at specified coordinates to obstruct enemy visibility or obscure movements.

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6. Coordination with Other Fire Support Assets​

Field artillery support must be effectively coordinated with other fire support assets, including air support, airstrikes, and close air support (CAS). Proper coordination ensures that no asset is used redundantly and that the desired effect is achieved.

6.1 Air Support Coordination​

• Air assets, such as the F/A-26A fighter jets, may be requested to engage targets that cannot be effectively neutralized by artillery.
• Coordination between the FSO and aviation units ensures that airstrikes do not conflict with artillery missions.

6.2 Close Air Support (CAS)​

• CAS is coordinated with artillery to provide fire support on targets beyond the reach of ground-based artillery or to engage targets that require more precision.
• The FSO ensures that the timing and targeting of CAS missions align with the ongoing artillery fire to avoid friendly fire.

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7. Documentation and Reporting​

7.1 Fire Mission Report​

• After each fire mission, a report must be submitted that includes:
  1. Mission ID: A unique reference number for tracking purposes.
  2. Target Description and Location: Detailed description of the target and its coordinates.
  3. Type of Fire Mission: Suppression, destruction, interdiction, etc.
  4. Firing Unit(s): Which artillery units conducted the mission.
  5. Effectiveness of Fire: Based on feedback from forward observers and reconnaissance.

7.2 After-Action Report (AAR)​

• After the operation, an AAR should be conducted to assess the effectiveness of artillery support and identify lessons learned for future operations.

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8. Training and Exercises​

Field artillery personnel and supporting units must undergo regular training and simulation exercises to ensure proficiency and readiness. This includes:

• Live Fire Exercises: To practice targeting and fire missions under combat conditions.
• Tactical Simulations: To simulate different battlefield scenarios and develop effective coordination and execution of fire missions.

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9. Conclusion​

This SOP provides a standardized approach to field artillery support within the Polish Royal Land Forces, ensuring that artillery assets are used efficiently, effectively, and safely in support of operational objectives. Through rigorous planning, coordination, and execution, artillery support plays a vital role in achieving mission success.

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End of Document

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Example of an Artillery Support Request​

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Unit: 1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade
Location: Grid Reference: 45T 312540, 547671 (Approximate)
Date/Time of Request: 05 May 2006, 1200 hours​

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1. Requesting Unit Information:

• Unit Name: 1st Mechanized Infantry Brigade, Bravo Company
• Unit Location: 3 km west of Hill 45, currently engaging in an offensive operation along the western sector.
• Contact Information:
  • Fire Support Officer (FSO): Captain Tomasz Kowalski
  • Radio Frequency: 230.125 MHz
  • Callsign: Bravo 1-6

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2. Target Description:

• Target Type: Enemy infantry and artillery positions
• Target Location: Grid Reference 45T 312600, 547650 (Approximate)
• Additional Information:
  • The target consists of an entrenched enemy infantry position with accompanying anti-aircraft artillery positioned on a ridge.
  • The enemy is using indirect fire from mortars and RPGs to target our advancing forces.
  • The position is actively engaging friendly forces with small arms and indirect fire.

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3. Type of Fire Mission:

• Requested Fire Mission Type: Suppression and Destruction
• Priority Level: Immediate
• Time on Target: ASAP (within 5 minutes)

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4. Desired Effect:

• Suppress enemy infantry positions to reduce resistance for the advancing battalion.
• Neutralize enemy anti-aircraft artillery to ensure air superiority and minimize friendly aircraft threat.
• Damage or destroy the enemy mortar positions to cease their fire on our advancing units.

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5. Coordination:

• Air Assets: No air support required at this moment. The suppression of enemy artillery and infantry by ground-based artillery is the priority.
• Friendly Forces in the Vicinity:
  • 1st Battalion: 2 km to the south of the target area.
  • Combat Engineer Detachment: Moving north to clear minefields, 3 km southeast of the target area.

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6. Target Confirmation:

• Forward Observer (FO): Sergeant Andrzej Wisniewski
  • The FO has confirmed the target is an active enemy position with confirmed engagement through direct observation.
  • Forward Observation Method: Laser designation, visual confirmation, and grid location provided.

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7. Ammunition Type Requested:

• HE (High Explosive) Rounds for suppression and destruction of enemy infantry and artillery positions.
• Smoke Rounds for obscuration of enemy line of sight and to provide cover for advancing units.

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8. Estimated Fire Support Window:

• First Impact Desired: 12:05 hours (5-minute window)
• Duration of Support: 15 minutes (with potential follow-up barrages as required)

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9. FSO Instructions:

• Once the fire mission is approved and commenced, maintain communication with the artillery command to adjust fire if required.
• Report effectiveness of the strike to Fire Support Command after initial rounds are fired.

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Transmission Begins:​

FSO (Bravo 1-6):
“Royal Artillery Command, this is Bravo 1-6, requesting immediate artillery support at grid reference 45T 312600, 547650, over.”

Royal Artillery Command:
“Bravo 1-6, this is Royal Artillery Command. Provide target details, over.”

FSO (Bravo 1-6):
“Target consists of enemy infantry and artillery positions entrenched on a ridge. The enemy is actively engaging friendly forces with small arms and mortars. We need suppression and destruction of these positions immediately. Time on target is ASAP, over.”

Royal Artillery Command:
“Bravo 1-6, Roger. Target location confirmed. Artillery assets available. Requesting fire mission for suppression and destruction. Ammunition: HE rounds. Smoke rounds ready for subsequent effects. ETA 5 minutes. Out.”

FSO (Bravo 1-6):
“Roger, Royal Artillery Command. Bravo 1-6 acknowledges. Fire mission, 5-minute ETA. Out.”

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Execution:​

• Artillery units are dispatched to engage the target using high-explosive rounds, focusing on the suppression of enemy infantry and neutralization of artillery positions.
• After the initial barrage, smoke rounds are deployed to obscure the enemy's line of sight, assisting the advancing infantry.

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Final Report (After Completion of Fire Mission):

FSO (Bravo 1-6):
“Royal Artillery Command, this is Bravo 1-6. Fire mission completed, target suppression successful. Enemy infantry and artillery positions neutralized. No further fire support required at this moment. Over.”

Royal Artillery Command:
“Bravo 1-6, Royal Artillery Command acknowledges. Fire mission complete. Continue with your operations. Out.”

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End of Example

 

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STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE (SOP)​

Rules of Engagement (ROE)​

Polish Royal Land Forces (PLF)
Document Number: SOP-PL-RLF-ROE-001
Version: 1.0
Date: 01 August 2006
Effective Date: 01 August 2006​

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1. PURPOSE​

The purpose of this Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is to establish the Rules of Engagement (ROE) for all personnel in the Polish Land Forces (PLF) during combat, peacekeeping, and stability operations. This SOP provides guidance on the lawful and ethical use of force, ensuring compliance with national and international laws, operational objectives, and protection of civilian life.

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2. SCOPE​

This SOP applies to all personnel of the Polish Land Forces (PLF) engaged in military operations, including combat, peacekeeping, and stability operations. It is mandatory for all personnel, from individual soldiers to unit commanders, to adhere to the ROE as outlined in this document. This SOP is applicable in both wartime and peacetime conditions, in accordance with mission parameters and the operational environment.

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3. OBJECTIVES​

1. Ensure compliance with national, international, and humanitarian laws governing the use of force.
   
   
2. Define the conditions and circumstances under which force may be used during operations.
   
   
3. Promote operational consistency in the application of force.
   
   
4. Minimize civilian harm and prevent unnecessary escalation of violence during military engagements.
   

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4. DEFINITIONS​

1. Rules of Engagement (ROE):
   Directives or orders that define the conditions, circumstances, and limitations for the use of force by military personnel.
   
   
2. Combatant:
   A member of an armed force or armed group participating directly in hostilities.
   
   
3. Non-combatant:
   A civilian or individual who is not taking part in hostilities, including medical personnel, humanitarian workers, and prisoners of war.
   
   
4. Force Protection:
   The measures taken by military forces to prevent or minimize the threat of attack, including the use of force in self-defense.
   

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5. ROE PRINCIPLES​

The application of force in operations must adhere to the following key principles:

1. Necessity:
   Force may only be used when required to achieve mission objectives, ensure self-defense, or protect other designated personnel. Non-lethal means must be exhausted before resorting to the use of force.
   
   
2. Proportionality:
   The amount of force used must be proportional to the threat faced. Any escalation of force must be reasonable in relation to the immediate circumstances.
   
   
3. Distinction:
   Military personnel must distinguish between combatants and non-combatants, as well as between military objectives and civilian infrastructure. The use of force should be directed exclusively at legitimate military targets.
   
   
4. Humanity:
   All military operations must be conducted in accordance with international humanitarian law, ensuring the protection of human life and minimizing unnecessary suffering.
   

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6. ROE CATEGORIES​

1. General ROE:
   
   • Military forces are authorized to use force in direct support of mission objectives and self-defense. Engagement of hostile forces is permitted based on the rules of necessity, proportionality, and distinction.
     
     
   • The use of force is to be reported to higher command for assessment.
     
2. Self-Defense ROE:
   
   • Military personnel are authorized to use force when faced with an immediate threat to their safety or security.
     
     
   • Self-defense may include forceful responses to direct physical attacks or attempts to neutralize hostile threats.
     
3. Peacekeeping ROE:
   
   • In peacekeeping or stabilization operations, force should only be used as a last resort and primarily in defense of civilians, humanitarian workers, or to prevent violence.
     
     
   • Force must be applied in a way that upholds peace and reduces the risk of further escalation.
     
4. Escalation of Force (EOF):
   
   • Personnel must employ de-escalation measures (e.g., verbal warnings, non-lethal deterrents) before escalating to lethal force.
     
     
   • The EOF doctrine is designed to reduce potential harm and prevent unnecessary confrontation.
     

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7. SPECIFIC ROE PROVISIONS​

1. Combat Situations:
   
   • Under normal combat conditions, all military engagements must comply with the principle of distinction. Military forces are authorized to target combatants and military objectives.
     
     
   • Civilians and civilian infrastructure must be avoided unless directly contributing to enemy military capabilities.
     
2. Humanitarian Operations:
   
   • During humanitarian missions, military personnel must avoid using force unless necessary to protect humanitarian workers, civilians, or critical infrastructure.
     
     
   • In cases of direct threats to the safety of civilians, force may be used to neutralize or suppress hostilities.
     
3. Urban Warfare:
   
   • In urban environments, commanders must exercise additional caution to minimize civilian casualties. Precision targeting and restrictive ROE should be used to avoid collateral damage.
     
4. Counter-Terrorism Operations:
   
   • During counter-terrorism operations, force may be used to neutralize specific threats posed by terrorists or insurgents. However, collateral damage must be minimized, and hostages or non-combatants must not be targeted.
     

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8. ROE REPORTING AND MONITORING​

1. Reporting:
   
   • All use of force must be immediately reported to the next higher command authority for assessment and review.
     
     
   • Detailed documentation of each engagement, including the circumstances, actions taken, and outcomes, is required for legal, operational, and accountability purposes.
     
2. Monitoring:
   
   • Unit commanders are responsible for ensuring that ROE compliance is maintained at all levels of operations.
     
     
   • Regular reviews and assessments of ROE implementation will be conducted to ensure adherence and address any gaps or breaches.
     

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9. COMMAND RESPONSIBILITIES​

1. Commanders:
   
   • Ensure all personnel under their command are trained in and understand the ROE.
     
     
   • Authorize the use of force in accordance with operational requirements and the established ROE.
     
     
   • Conduct post-operation reviews of all engagements where force was used to verify compliance.
     
2. Personnel:
   
   • All personnel are responsible for understanding the ROE and executing operations within its constraints.
     
     
   • Personnel must immediately report any breach of ROE to their immediate superior.
     

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10. VIOLATIONS AND SANCTIONS​

1. Violations of ROE:
   
   • Breaches of the ROE will be subject to investigation and disciplinary action, as outlined in the PLF’s Code of Conduct and Military Justice System.
     
2. Sanctions:
   
   • Individuals found guilty of ROE violations may face administrative or judicial actions, including suspension, dismissal, or criminal prosecution.
     

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11. TRAINING AND AWARENESS​

1. Training Requirements:
   
   • All military personnel, including combatants and support staff, must receive regular ROE training as part of their pre-deployment preparation.
     
     
   • ROE training should be updated annually to reflect changes in legal, operational, and tactical environments.
     
2. Awareness Programs:
   
   • Unit commanders must ensure continuous awareness of the ROE through briefings, drills, and real-world application exercises.
     

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12. REVISIONS AND UPDATES​

This SOP will be reviewed and updated regularly to remain aligned with operational needs, legal requirements, and international treaties. Any changes or amendments to the ROE will be communicated to all personnel in a timely manner.

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13. APPROVAL​

Approved by:
General Henryk Szumski
Chief of General Staff
Polish Land Forces
Date of Approval: 01 August 2006