[Australia]: Department of Infrastructure and Transport

[Owen]

Headquarters​

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62 Northbourne Avenue, Civic, Australian Capital Territory​

Ministers​

Office:	Officeholder:	Image:
Minister for Infrastructure and Transport	The Honourable Anthony Albanese, MP
Minister for Shipping and Aviation	The Honourable Kelvin Thomson, MP
Minister for Population, Cities and Urban Infrastructure	The Honourable Senator Nick Sherry
Assistant Minister for Infrastructure and Transport	The Honourable Catherine King, MP
Secretary of the Department of Infrastructure and Transport	Mike Mrdak, AO

Infrastructure Investment Program

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Project Name:	Project Code:	Transport Mode:	Funding Program:	Start Date:	End Date:	Cost:	Collaborations (incl. division of cost):	Location (LGA and state):	Project Status:	Description:

Cities Division

Cities and Urban Infrastructure Programs

Program:	Description:	Funding Amount:	Open Date:	End Date:	Allocations and Amount:
Urban Precincts and Partnerships Program	The Urban Precincts and Partnerships Program (uPPP) supports transformative investment in urban Australia based on the principles of unifying urban places, growing economies and serving communities. The uPPP focuses on a partnership approach, bringing together governments, businesses and communities to deliver multi-purpose precincts that are place-based, tailored to the local needs and positioned around a shared vision, need or theme.
Thriving Suburbs Program	The Thriving Suburbs Program is delivering funding to local government entities and incorporated not-for-profit organisations for capital works projects that enhance liveability, strengthen social cohesion and support local amenity in urban, suburban and peri-urban communities across Australia's Greater Capital City Statistical Areas.

City Deals

City:	Timeframe:	Investment Amount:	Commitments:	Partnerships:
Adelaide
Darwin
Geelong
Hobart
Launceston
Perth
South East Queensland
Townsville
Western Sydney

Civil Aviation Safety Authority

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Foreign Air Transport Air Operators Certificate​

In accordance with Section 26(1) of the Civil Aviation Act (1988), an aircraft arriving in Australian territory from a place outside Australian territory or; departing from Australian territory for a place outside Australian territory must not do so except with the permission of CASA. A Foreign air transport air operators certificate (FATAOC) may authorise the operation of a foreign registered aircraft on flights into, out of or within Australian territory that are not regulated domestic flights. (Civil Aviation Act, 1988, 27AE (4.a)).

Current Certificates​

Airline:	Country of Registration:	Fleet:	Airports flying to:	Dangerous Goods Approval:	Contact:

Australian-managed Airspace​

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Personnel

Type:	Amount:	Image:
Regular Personnel	800
Air Traffic Controllers	4,000
Aviation Firefighters	530

Equipment

Type:	Amount:	Image:
Rosenbauer Panther	74
Rescue Boat	13
Fokker F28 Fellowship	2

Director of Aviation Safety

National Operations and Standards Branch

Section:	Size:	Base:
Airworthiness and Engineering Section	75x Regular Personnel	Aviation House, Canberra
Air Navigation, Airspace and Aerodromes Section	75x Regular Personnel, 2x Fokker F28 Fellowships	Essendon Airport
Flight Standards Section	75x Regular Personnel	Aviation House, Canberra
Regulation Implementation Section	75x Regular Personnel	Aviation House, Canberra

Regulatory Services and Surveillance Branch

Region:	Jurisdiction	Size:	Base:
Western Region	Western Australia South Australia Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands	100x Regular Personnel	Perth
Southern Region	Victoria Tasmania	100x Regular Personnel	Melbourne
Sydney Region	Greater Sydney	100x Regular Personnel	Sydney
Eastern Region	New South Wales (except Greater Sydney) Australian Capital Territory Jervis Bay Territory Norfolk Island	100x Regular Personnel	Canberra
Northern Region	Queensland Northern Territory	100x Regular Personnel	Brisbane

Aviation Rescue and Fire Fighting Services Branch

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Eastern Command (New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, Australian Capital Territory and Norfolk Island)

Airport Fire Station:	Size:
Sydney-Kingsford Smith International Airport Station 1 (Domestic Terminal)	20x Aviation Firefighters, 3x Rosenbauer Panthers, 1x Rescue Boat
Sydney-Kingsford Smith International Airport Station 2 (International Terminal)	20x Aviation Firefighters, 3x Rosenbauer Panthers, 1x Rescue Boat
Melbourne-Tullamarine International Airport Station	30x Aviation Firefighters, 4x Rosenbauer Panthers
Canberra International Airport Station	20x Aviation Firefighters, 3x Rosenbauer Panthers
Hobart International Airport Station	20x Aviation Firefighters, 3x Rosenbauer Panthers, 1x Rescue Boat
Melbourne-Avalon Airport Station	20x Aviation Firefighters, 3x Rosenbauer Panthers
Launceston Airport Station	15x Aviation Firefighters, 2x Rosenbauer Panthers
Coffs Harbour Airport Station	15x Aviation Firefighters, 2x Rosenbauer Panthers
Ballina-Byron Gateway Airport Station	15x Aviation Firefighters, 2x Rosenbauer Panthers
Norfolk Island International Airport Station	15x Aviation Firefighters, 2x Rosenbauer Panthers

Western Command (Western Australia, South Australia and the Northern Territory)

Airport Fire Station:	Size:
Perth International Airport Station	30x Aviation Firefighters, 4x Rosenbauer Panthers
Adelaide International Airport Station	20x Aviation Firefighters, 3x Rosenbauer Panthers, 1x Rescue Boat
Darwin International Airport Station	20x Aviation Firefighters, 3x Rosenbauer Panthers
Broome International Airport Station	15x Aviation Firefighters, 2x Rosenbauer Panthers, 1x Rescue Boat
Port Hedland International Airport Station	15x Aviation Firefighters, 2x Rosenbauer Panthers
Alice Springs Airport Station	15x Aviation Firefighters, 2x Rosenbauer Panthers
Ayers Rock-Connellan Airport Station	15x Aviation Firefighters, 2x Rosenbauer Panthers
Karratha Airport Station	15x Aviation Firefighters, 2x Rosenbauer Panthers
Newman Airport Station	15x Aviation Firefighters, 2x Rosenbauer Panthers

Queensland Command

Airport Fire Station:	Size:
Brisbane International Airport Station	30x Aviation Firefighters, 4x Rosenbauer Panthers, 1x Rescue Boat
Cairns International Airport Station	20x Aviation Firefighters, 3x Rosenbauer Panthers
Townsville International Airport Station	20x Aviation Firefighters, 3x Rosenbauer Panthers, 1x Rescue Boat
Gold Coast-Coolangatta International Airport Station	20x Aviation Firefighters, 3x Rosenbauer Panthers, 2x Rescue Boats
Sunshine Coast-Maroochydore Airport Station	15x Aviation Firefighters, 2x Rosenbauer Panthers, 1x Rescue Boat
Hamilton Island-Great Barrier Reef Airport Station	15x Aviation Firefighters, 2x Rosenbauer Panthers, 2x Rescue Boats
Mackay Airport Station	15x Aviation Firefighters, 2x Rosenbauer Panthers, 1x Rescue Boat
Rockhampton Airport Station	15x Aviation Firefighters, 2x Rosenbauer Panthers
Proserpine-Whitsunday Coast Airport Station	15x Aviation Firefighters, 2x Rosenbauer Panthers
Gladstone Airport Station	15x Aviation Firefighters, 2x Rosenbauer Panthers

Air Navigation Services Branch

Area Control Centres (Class A Airspace)

Centre:	Jurisdiction:	Size:
Brisbane Centre	Queensland Northern Territory Kimberley Region of Western Australia New South Wales north of Sydney Western half of the Tasman Sea Coral Sea Solomon Islands Nauru	400x Air Traffic Controllers
Melbourne Centre	Victoria Tasmania South Australia Western Australia (excl. Kimberley Region) New South Wales south of and including Sydney Australian Capital Territory Eastern half of the Indian Ocean Oceans south of Australia to the 60th parallel south	400x Air Traffic Controllers

Terminal Control Units (Class E Airspace)

NOTE:​

Class E Airspace that is managed from airports that use RAAF Air Traffic Control and are apart of the Australian Defence Air Traffic System: Greater Darwin (RAAF Base Darwin) Greater Townsville (RAAF Base Townsville)

Terminal Control Unit:	Jurisdiction:	Size:
Sydney Terminal Control Unit	Greater Sydney Illawarra Region Coastal New South Wales north to Queensland border	300x Air Traffic Controllers
Melbourne Terminal Control Unit	Greater Melbourne Greater Geelong	300x Air Traffic Controllers
Brisbane Terminal Control Unit	South East Queensland Coastal Queensland north to Rockhampton	250x Air Traffic Controllers
Perth Terminal Control Unit	Greater Perth Karratha Region Broome Region	200x Air Traffic Controllers
Adelaide Terminal Control Unit	Greater Adelaide	150x Air Traffic Controllers
Canberra Terminal Control Unit	Australian Capital Territory Southern Tablelands Region Albury-Wodonga Region	100x Air Traffic Controllers
Cairns Terminal Control Unit	Cairns Region Coastal Queensland south to Rockhampton (excl. Townsville Region)	100x Air Traffic Controllers

Tower and Approach Services (Class C and D Airspace)

NOTE:​

Joint User Civilian Airports that use RAAF Air Traffic Control and are a part of the Australian Defence Air Traffic System: Darwin International Airport (RAAF Base Darwin) Townsville International Airport (RAAF Base Townsville)

Tower:	Jurisdiction:	Size:
Sydney Tower	Sydney-Kingsford Smith International Airport	250x Air Traffic Controllers
Melbourne Tower	Melbourne-Tullamarine International Airport	250x Air Traffic Controllers
Brisbane Tower	Brisbane International Airport	150x Air Traffic Controllers
Perth Tower	Perth International Airport	100x Air Traffic Controllers
Adelaide Tower	Adelaide International Airport	100x Air Traffic Controllers
Canberra Tower	Canberra International Airport	100x Air Traffic Controllers
Cairns Tower	Cairns International Airport	100x Air Traffic Controllers
Hobart Tower	Hobart International Airport	100x Air Traffic Controllers
Gold Coast Tower	Gold Coast-Coolangatta International Airport	100x Air Traffic Controllers
Bankstown Tower	Sydney-Bankstown Airport	50x Air Traffic Controllers
Moorabbin Tower	Melbourne-Moorabbin Airport	50x Air Traffic Controllers
Archerfield Tower	Brisbane-Archerfield Airport	50x Air Traffic Controllers
Jandakot Tower	Perth-Jandakot Airport	50x Air Traffic Controllers
Parafield Tower	Adelaide-Parafield Airport	50x Air Traffic Controllers
Avalon Tower	Melbourne-Avalon Airport	50x Air Traffic Controllers
Sunshine Coast Tower	Sunshine Coast-Maroochydore Airport	50x Air Traffic Controllers
Alice Springs Tower	Alice Springs Airport	50x Air Traffic Controllers
Port Hedland Tower	Port Hedland International Airport	50x Air Traffic Controllers
Broome Tower	Broome International Airport	50x Air Traffic Controllers
Camden Tower	Sydney-Camden Airport	50x Air Traffic Controllers
Essendon Tower	Melbourne-Essendon Airport	50x Air Traffic Controllers
Launceston Tower	Launceston Airport	30x Air Traffic Controllers
Coffs Harbour Tower	Coffs Harbour Airport	30x Air Traffic Controllers
Mackay Tower	Mackay Airport	20x Air Traffic Controllers
Hamilton Island Tower	Hamilton Island-Great Barrier Reef Airport	20x Air Traffic Controllers
Rockhampton Tower	Rockhampton Airport	10x Air Traffic Controllers
Tamworth Tower	Tamworth Regional Airport	10x Air Traffic Controllers
Wagga Wagga Tower	Wagga Wagga Airport	10x Air Traffic Controllers
Albury Tower	Albury-Wodonga Airport	10x Air Traffic Controllers
Karratha Tower	Karratha Airport	10x Air Traffic Controllers

The Australian Advanced Air Traffic System (TAAATS)

Overview​

The Australian Advanced Air Traffic System (TAAATS), is the hardware and software system used by the Civil Aviation Safety Authority for air traffic control services. It is a paperless, computer-based system, which serves as an aid to civilian air traffic controllers. It does not control aircraft, but gives the user a display of information about an aircraft's position and associated information. It also handles communications and other information exchanges. The Australian Advanced Air Traffic System, or TAAATS is one of two systems in Australia, the other being the Australian Defence Air Traffic System (ADATS), which is used by the military. TAAATS makes use of the Thales Eurocat system and is used in two Flight Information Regions (FIRs), Melbourne and Brisbane (traffic above 25,000 feet). It is also used in Terminal Control Units (TCUs) in Adelaide, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, Canberra, Cairns and Sydney (traffic below 25,000 feet). TAAATS incorporates ADS-B from more than 70 stations located at various sites across the country. The system introduced new features to air traffic control in Australia including conflict alerting and conformance monitoring.

Consoles​

There are several facilities which use TAAATS in Australia. The two main area control centres in Brisbane and Melbourne both have roughly 42 operational consoles or "suites" and each suite has four computer screens: Air Situation Display (ASD): This main screen displays a map of the sector that shows the location of all aircraft in the controller's airspace, as reported by one of several data sources – radar data processing, flight data processing and automatic dependent surveillance. Aeronautical Reference Data Display & Distribution System (ARDDDS): A display providing access to a wide range of information including aircraft performance data, weather radar, airport/navigation aid/tracking point codes, airline ICAO designators, Standard Arrival Route (STAR) and Standard Instrument Departure (SID) charts and depiction of the airspace setup for TMA sectors. Voice Switching and Communications Select (VSCS) panel: A touch-sensitive screen allows controllers to choose the radio frequency they need to talk to pilots and ground staff, or the intercom for talking with other controllers. Auxiliary Display: The controller can call up a wide range of information such as weather forecasts, flight plans, strip windows, secondary maps and other material for the information of themselves and pilots. Each centre simulator contains 10 consoles that can be configured to take over from the sister centre in the unlikely event that an entire centre is taken offline by a catastrophe. For individual console failures, control functions can be quickly transferred to a spare suite by a few mouse clicks on the supervisor's console.

Australian Maritime Safety Authority

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Upper Murray River Flag​	Combined Murray River Flag​	Lower Murray River Flag​

Levies and Fees​

Levy/Fee:	Rate:	Who pays:	When to pay:
Marine Navigation Levy	1 - 5,000 Net Tonnage: 23.5 cents per net ton 5,001 - 20,000 Net Tonnage: $1,175 + 12 cents per ton over 20,001 - 50,000 Net Tonnage: $2,975 + 7 cents per ton over Over 50,000 Net Tonnage: $5,075 + 2.5 cents per ton over	Commercial shipping (except Fishing vessels or docking for replenishment), where the vessel is longer than 24 metres.	Upon arrival at an Australian port.
Regulatory Functions Levy	1 - 5,000 Net Tonnage: 17 cents per net ton 5,001 - 20,000 Net Tonnage: $850 + 17 cents per ton over 20,001 - 50,000 Net Tonnage: $3,400 + 17 cents per ton over Over 50,000 Net Tonnage: $8,500 + 15.5 cents per ton over	Commercial shipping (except Fishing vessels or docking for replenishment), where the vessel is longer than 24 metres.	Upon arrival at an Australian port.
Protection of the Sea Levy	0 - 89 Net Tonnage: $10 flat rate Over 90 Net Tonnage: $10 + 11.25 cents per ton over	If you are required to pay both Marine Navigation and Regulatory Functions levy or if you're a Fishing vessel that has more than 10 tonnes of oil onboard at anytime.	Upon arrival at an Australian port.
Shipping Registration Fees	Application for registration: $2,664 Application for registration (demise charter): $3,996 Application for transfer of ownership: $777 Application for transfer of ownership (demise charter): $1,332 Application for change of home port or name: $111 Application to fly Australian national flag or red ensign: $222	Any vessel wishing to operate inside Australian waters or wishing to use Australian flags on their vessel.	Upon lodging application.

Australian Search and Rescue Region​

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Personnel

Type:	Amount:	Image:
Regular Personnel	500

Equipment

Vessels

Type:	Amount:	Names:	Image:
Coral-class Emergency Towage Vessel	1	MV Coral Knight
Reef-class Emergency Towage Vessel	1	MV Reef Keeper
Lumen-class Lighthouse Tender	1	MV Lumen
Carpentaria-class Lightship	2	CLS2 Carpentaria CLS4 Carpentaria

Aircraft

Type:	Amount:	Image:
Bombardier Challenger CL-604	4
Dornier 328	5
Sikorsky S-76	6

Structure

Operations Branch (Inspections, Audits and Compliance)

Unit:	Size:	Base:
New South Wales Port Operations Section	40x Regular Personnel	Sydney
Victoria Port Operations Section	30x Regular Personnel	Melbourne
South Queensland Port Operations Section	30x Regular Personnel	Brisbane
Western Australia Port Operations Section	30x Regular Personnel	Perth
North Queensland Port Operations Section	20x Regular Personnel	Cairns
South Australia Port Operations Section	20x Regular Personnel	Adelaide
Tasmania Port Operations Section	10x Regular Personnel	Hobart
Northern Territory Port Operations Section	10x Regular Personnel	Darwin
Torres Strait Marine Safety Program	10x Regular Personnel	Thursday Island

Response Branch (Search and Rescue, Environmental and Safety Response)

Unit:	Size:	Base:
Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre	40x Regular Personnel MV Coral Knight MV Reef Keeper	Cairns
Australian Marine Oil Spill Centre	20x Regular Personnel	Geelong

AMSA Search and Rescue Response Centre

Unit:	Size:	Base:
Joint Rescue Coordination Centre Australia	60x Regular Personnel	Canberra
Cairns Airport Section	20x Regular Personnel, 1x Bombardier Challenger CL-604s, 2x Dornier 328, 2x Sikorsky S-76s	Cairns
Essendon Airport Section	20x Regular Personnel, 2x Bombardier Challenger CL-604, 1x Dornier 328s, 2x Sikorsky S-76s	Melbourne
Perth Airport Section	20x Regular Personnel, 1x Bombardier Challenger CL-604, 2x Dornier 328s, 2x Sikorsky S-76s	Perth

Commonwealth Lighthouse Service

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Unit:	Size:	Base:
Far North Queensland Navigational Aids Support Section	20x Regular Personnel MV Lumen CLS2 Carpentaria CLS4 Carpentaria	Cairns

New South Wales Branch (incl. Norfolk Island)

Lighthouse:	Size:	Location:
Fingal Head Light	Automatic	Fingal Head, New South Wales
Cape Byron Light	2x Regular Personnel	Byron Bay, New South Wales
Richmond River Light	Automatic	Ballina, New South Wales
Clarence River Light	Automatic	Yamba, New South Wales
North Solitary Island Light	Automatic	North Solitary Island, New South Wales
South Solitary Island Light	Automatic	South Solitary Island, New South Wales
Smoky Cape Light	2x Regular Personnel	Arakoon, New South Wales
Tacking Point Light	Automatic	Port Macquarie, New South Wales
Crowdy Head Light	Automatic	Crowdy Head, New South Wales
Sugarloaf Point Light	2x Regular Personnel	Seal Rocks, New South Wales
Nelson Head Light	2x Regular Personnel	Nelson Bay, New South Wales
Point Stephens Light	2x Regular Personnel	Fingal Bay, New South Wales
Nobbys Head Light	Automatic	Newcastle, New South Wales
Norah Head Light	2x Regular Personnel	Norah Head, New South Wales
Barrenjoey Head Light	Automatic	Sydney, New South Wales
Port Jackson Entrance Range Rear Light	Automatic	Sydney, New South Wales
Port Jackson Entrance Range Front Light	Automatic	Sydney, New South Wales
South Head Lower Light	Automatic	Sydney, New South Wales
Western Channel Pile Light	Automatic	Sydney, New South Wales
Eastern Channel Pile Light	Automatic	Sydney, New South Wales
Robertson Point Light	Automatic	Sydney, New South Wales
Vaucluse Bay Range Front Light	Automatic	Sydney, New South Wales
Bradleys Head Light	Automatic	Sydney, New South Wales
South Head Upper Light	Automatic	Sydney, New South Wales
Fort Denison Light	Automatic	Sydney, New South Wales
Shark Island Light	Automatic	Sydney, New South Wales
Vaucluse Bay Range Rear Light	Automatic	Sydney, New South Wales
Cape Bailey Light	Automatic	Sydney, New South Wales
Wollongong Breakwater Light	2x Regular Personnel	Wollongong, New South Wales
Wollongong Head Light	Automatic	Wollongong, New South Wales
Kiama Light	Automatic	Kiama, New South Wales
Crookhaven Heads Light	Automatic	Culburra Beach, New South Wales
Point Perpendicular Light	2x Regular Personnel	Beecroft Peninsula, New South Wales
Warden Head Light	Automatic	Ulladulla, New South Wales
Burrewarra Point Light	Automatic	Guerilla Bay, New South Wales
Montague Island Light	2x Regular Personnel	Barunguba, New South Wales
Green Cape Light	2x Regular Personnel	Green Cape, New South Wales
Mount Pitt Lightbeacon	Automatic	Norfolk Island National Park, Norfolk Island

Victoria Branch

Lighthouse:	Size:	Location:
Gabo Island Lighthouse	2x Regular Personnel	Gabo Island, Victoria
Point Hicks Lighthouse	Automatic	Tamboon, Victoria
Cliffy Island Lighthouse	Automatic	Cliffy Island, Victoria
Wilsons Promontory Lighthouse	Automatic	Wilsons Promontory National Park, Victoria
Citadel Island Lighthouse	2x Regular Personnel	Citadel Island, Victoria
Cape Liptrap Lighthouse	Automatic	Tarwin Lower, Victoria
Port Melbourne Rear Light	Automatic	Melbourne, Victoria
Port Melbourne Front Light	Automatic	Melbourne, Victoria
Eastern Lighthouse	Automatic	Melbourne, Victoria
Timeball Lighthouse	Automatic	Melbourne, Victoria
South Channel Pile Light	2x Regular Personnel	Melbourne, Victoria
West Channel Pile Light	Automatic	Melbourne, Victoria
Cape Schanck Lighthouse	Automatic	Cape Schanck, Victoria
Queenscliff High Light	Automatic	Queenscliff, Victoria
Queenscliff Low Light	Automatic	Queenscliff, Victoria
Point Lonsdale Lighthouse	2x Regular Personnel	Point Lonsdale, Victoria
Split Point Lighthouse	Automatic	Aireys Inlet, Victoria
Cape Otway Lighthouse	2x Regular Personnel	Cape Otway, Victoria
Lady Bay Upper Lighthouse	Automatic	Warrnambool, Victoria
Lady Bay Lower Lighthouse	Automatic	Warrnambool, Victoria
Port Fairy Lighthouse	2x Regular Personnel	Port Fairy, Victoria
Portland Lighthouse	Automatic	Portland, Victoria
Cape Nelson Lighthouse	2x Regular Personnel	Portland West, Victoria

Queensland Branch (incl. Coral Sea Islands)

Lighthouse:	Size:	Location:
Goods Island Light	2x Regular Personnel	Torres Strait Islands, Queensland
Booby Island Light	2x Regular Personnel	Torres Strait Islands, Queensland
Eborac Island Light	Automatic	Torres Strait Islands, Queensland
Wyborn Reef Light	Automatic	Great Barrier Reef, Queensland
Grassy Hill Light	Automatic	Cooktown, Queensland
Archer Point Light	Automatic	Cooktown, Queensland
Low Island Light	2x Regular Personnel	Great Barrier Reef, Queensland
Fitzroy Island Light	Automatic	Fitzroy Island, Queensland
Bay Rock Light	Automatic	Townsville, Queensland
Cape Cleveland Light	2x Regular Personnel	Cape Cleveland, Queensland
Cape Bowling Green Light	Automatic	Alva, Queensland
Dent Island Light	2x Regular Personnel	Whitsunday Islands, Queensland
Creal Reef Light	Automatic	Great Barrier Reef, Queensland
Flat Top Island Light	Automatic	Mackay, Queensland
Pine Islet Light	2x Regular Personnel	The Percy Group, Queensland
North Reef Light	Automatic	Great Barrier Reef, Queensland
Cape Capricorn Light	Automatic	Curtis Island, Queensland
Sea Hill Light	Automatic	Curtis Island, Queensland
Bustard Head Light	2x Regular Personnel	Eurimbula, Queensland
Lady Elliot Island Light	2x Regular Personnel	Great Barrier Reef, Queensland
Sandy Cape Light	2x Regular Personnel	Fraser Island, Queensland
New Burnett Heads Light	Automatic	Burnett Heads, Queensland
North Bluff Light	Automatic	Big Woody Island, Queensland
Middle Bluff Light	Automatic	Big Woody Island, Queensland
Double Island Point Light	2x Regular Personnel	Cooloola, Queensland
Point Cartwright Light	Automatic	Sunshine Coast, Queensland
New Caloundra Light	Automatic	Sunshine Coast, Queensland
Cape Moreton Light	2x Regular Personnel	Moreton Island, Queensland
Cowan Cowan Point Light	Automatic	Moreton Island, Queensland
Point Lookout Light	Automatic	North Stradbroke Island, Queensland
Bulwer Island Light	Automatic	Brisbane, Queensland
New Cleveland Point Light	Automatic	Brisbane, Queensland
Captain Cook Memorial Light	Automatic	Coolangatta, Queensland
Bougainville Reef Lighthouse	Automatic	Bougainville Reef, Coral Sea Islands
Willis Island Lighthouse	Automatic	Willis Island, Coral Sea Islands
Lihou Reef Lighthouse	Automatic	Lihou Reef and Cays, Coral Sea Islands
East Diamond Island Lighthouse	Automatic	East Diamond Islet, Coral Sea Islands
Frederick Reefs Lighthouse	Automatic	Frederick Reefs, Coral Sea Islands
Saumarez Reefs Lighthouse	Automatic	Saumarez Reefs, Coral Sea Islands

Western Australia Branch (incl. Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands)

Lighthouse:	Size:	Location:
Adele Island Lighthouse	Automatic	Adele Island, Western Australia
Caffarelli Island Lighthouse	Automatic	Caffarelli Island, Western Australia
Cape Leveque Lighthouse	2x Regular Personnel	Dampier Peninsula, Western Australia
East Island Lighthouse	Automatic	Lacepede Islands, Western Australia
Gantheaume Point Lighthouse	Automatic	Broome, Western Australia
Cape Bossut Lighthouse	Automatic	Lagrange, Western Australia
Jarman Island Lighthouse	Automatic	Cossack, Western Australia
Legendre Island Lighthouse	2x Regular Personnel	Dampier Archipelago, Western Australia
Bessieres Island Lighthouse	Automatic	Bessieres Island, Western Australia
Vlamingh Head Lighthouse	Automatic	North West Cape, Western Australia
Quobba Point Lighthouse	Automatic	Macleod, Western Australia
Babbage Island Lighthouse	Automatic	Carnarvon, Western Australia
Cape Inscription Lighthouse	Automatic	Dirk Hartog Island, Western Australia
Moore Point Lighthouse	2x Regular Personnel	Geraldton, Western Australia
Pelsart Island Lighthouse	Automatic	Houtman Abrolhos, Western Australia
Escape Island Lighthouse	Automatic	Jurien Bay, Western Australia
Guilderton Lighthouse	2x Regular Personnel	Guilderton, Western Australia
Hillarys Lighthouse	Automatic	Perth, Western Australia
Buckland Hill Lighthouse	Automatic	Perth, Western Australia
North Mole Lighthouse	2x Regular Personnel	Perth, Western Australia
South Mole Lighthouse	2x Regular Personnel	Perth, Western Australia
Woodman Lighthouse	Automatic	Perth, Western Australia
Bathurst Lighthouse	2x Regular Personnel	Rottnest Island, Western Australia
Wadjemup Lighthouse	2x Regular Personnel	Rottnest Island, Western Australia
Casuarina Point Lighthouse	Automatic	Bunbury, Western Australia
Cape Naturaliste Lighthouse	Automatic	Naturaliste, Western Australia
Cape Leeuwin Lighthouse	2x Regular Personnel	Leeuwin, Western Australia
Breaksea Island Lighthouse	Automatic	Breaksea Island, Western Australia
Eclipse Island Lighthouse	Automatic	Eclipse Island, Western Australia
Cave Point Lighthouse	Automatic	Hopetoun, Western Australia
Smith Point Lighthouse	Automatic	Flying Fish Cove, Christmas Island
Direction Island Lighthouse	Automatic	Home Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands

South Australia Branch

Lighthouse:	Size:	Location:
South Neptune Island Lighthouse	Automatic	Neptune Islands, South Australia
Cape Donington Lighthouse	Automatic	Lincoln National Park, South Australia
Point Lowly Lighthouse	Automatic	Point Lowly, South Australia
Tiparra Reef Lighthouse	2x Regular Personnel	Moonta, South Australia
Corny Point Lighthouse	Automatic	Corny Point, South Australia
West Cape Lighthouse	Automatic	Inneston, South Australia
Cape Spencer Lighthouse	Automatic	Inneston, South Australia
Althorpe Island Lighthouse	2x Regular Personnel	Althorpe Island, South Australia
Troubridge Hill Lighthouse	Automatic	Honiton, South Australia
Troubridge Island Lighthouse	2x Regular Personnel	Troubridge Island, South Australia
Port Adelaide Lighthouse	Automatic	Adelaide, South Australia
Marino Rocks Lighthouse	Automatic	Adelaide, South Australia
Cape Jervis Lighthouse	Automatic	Cape Jervis, South Australia
Cape Borda Lighthouse	2x Regular Personnel	Cape Borda, South Australia
Cape du Couedic Lighthouse	Automatic	Flinders Chase, South Australia
Cape Willoughby Lighthouse	Automatic	Willoughby, South Australia
Cape St Albans Lighthouse	Automatic	Willoughby, South Australia
Point Malcolm Lighthouse	Automatic	Poltalloch, South Australia
Cape Jaffa Lighthouse	2x Regular Personnel	Cape Jaffa, South Australia
Robe Lighthouse	Automatic	Robe, South Australia
Cape Martin Lighthouse	2x Regular Personnel	Beachport, South Australia
Penguin Island Lighthouse	Automatic	Beachport, South Australia
Cape Banks Lighthouse	Automatic	Carpenter Rocks, South Australia
Cape Northumberland Lighthouse	2x Regular Personnel	Port MacDonnell, South Australia

Tasmania Branch

Lighthouse:	Size:	Location:
Bluff Hill Lighthouse	2x Regular Personnel	Marrawah, Tasmania
Sandy Cape Lighthouse	Automatic	Arthur-Pieman Conservation Area, Tasmania
Cape Sorell Lighthouse	Automatic	Macquarie Heads, Tasmania
Entrance Island Lighthouse	Automatic	Macquarie Heads, Tasmania
Bonnet Island Lighthouse	Automatic	Macquarie Heads, Tasmania
Maatsuyker Island Lighthouse	2x Regular Personnel	Maatsuyker Island, Tasmania
Cape Bruny Lighthouse	Automatic	South Bruny, Tasmania
Iron Pot Lighthouse	Automatic	Iron Pot, Tasmania
Tasman Island Lighthouse	Automatic	Tasman Island, Tasmania
Point Home Lookout Lighthouse	Automatic	Triabunna, Tasmania
Cape Tourville Lighthouse	Automatic	Coles Bay, Tasmania
Eddystone Point Lighthouse	Automatic	Eddystone, Tasmania
Swan Island Lighthouse	2x Regular Personnel	Swan Island, Tasmania
Goose Island Lighthouse	Automatic	Goose Island, Tasmania
Deal Island Lighthouse	Automatic	Deal Island, Tasmania
Middle Channel Lighthouse	Automatic	Low Head, Tasmania
Shea Oak Lighthouse	Automatic	Low Head, Tasmania
Low Head Lighthouse	2x Regular Personnel	Low Head, Tasmania
Mersey Bluff Lighthouse	Automatic	Devonport, Tasmania
Round Hill Point Lighthouse	2x Regular Personnel	Burnie, Tasmania
Table Cape Lighthouse	Automatic	Table Cape, Tasmania
Rocky Cape Lighthouse	Automatic	Rocky Cape, Tasmania
Highland Bluff Lighthouse	Automatic	Stanley, Tasmania
Cape Wickham Lighthouse	Automatic	Wickham, Tasmania
Currie Lighthouse	Automatic	Currie, Tasmania

Northern Territory Branch

Lighthouse:	Size:	Location:
Cape Fourcroy Light	Automatic	Bathurst Island, Northern Territory
Point Charles Light	Automatic	Cox Peninsula, Northern Territory
Emery Point Light	Automatic	Darwin, Northern Territory
East Vernon Light	Automatic	Vernon Islands, Northern Territory
Cape Hotham Light	Automatic	Hotham, Northern Territory
Cape Don Light	2x Regular Personnel	Cobourg Peninsula, Northern Territory

Shipping Registers

General Shipping Register (Domestic)

Ship Name:	Registration Number:	Length:	Type:	Year of Completion:	Home Port:	Owner:

International Shipping Register

Ship Name:	Registration Number:	Length:	Type:	Year of Completion:	Home Port:	Owner:

Australian Transport Safety Bureau

​

Overview​

The Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB) is Australia's national transport safety investigator. The ATSB is the federal government body responsible for investigating transport-related accidents and incidents within Australia. It covers air, sea and rail travel. The ATSB is an independent Commonwealth Government statutory agency, governed by a Commission and is separate from transport regulators, policy makers and service providers. The ATSB is responsible for investigating civil aircraft incidents and accidents within Australia and assisting in investigations of Australian registered aircraft overseas, accidents and serious incidents of Australian flagged ships worldwide, and of foreign flagged ships within Australian waters as well as rail accidents and incidents in conjunction with the National Rail Safety Regulator. Federal government initiatives dealing with road safety are also primarily within the ATSB's responsibilities in the Road Safety Branch. It is not a function of the ATSB to apportion blame or liability, instead, investigations are focused on learning from accidents and incidents and, encouraging safety action by government and industry.

Division (Aviation, Maritime, Rail):	Investigation Title:	Investigation Number:	Occurrence Date:	Report Status:	Report Outcome:

Federal Airports Corporation

​

Overview​

The Federal Airports Corporation (FAC) is a business enterprise of the Government of Australia responsible for the operation of 21 airports in Australia located on Commonwealth land. It was established by the Federal Airports Corporation Act 1986 and commenced operations in January 1988. FAC's other functions include: airport planning, development and land use; airport insurance compliance; airport environment and building control regulation; and payment of State and Local Government rates and taxes.

Commercial Airports​

Airport:	Location:	Revenue Passengers:	Image:
Sydney-Kingsford Smith International Airport	Sydney, New South Wales	39,021,357
Melbourne-Tullamarine International Airport	Melbourne, Victoria	31,935,600
Brisbane International Airport	Brisbane, Queensland	21,918,357
Perth International Airport	Perth, Western Australia	14,176,390
Adelaide International Airport	Adelaide, South Australia	8,066,632
Gold Coast-Coolangatta International Airport	Gold Coast, Queensland Tweed Heads, New South Wales	5,867,294
Canberra International Airport	Canberra, Australian Capital Territory	2,803,989
Hobart International Airport	Hobart, Tasmania	2,186,358
Darwin International Airport	Darwin, Northern Territory	2,057,307
Townsville International Airport	Townsville, Queensland	1,497,946
Launceston Airport	Launceston, Tasmania	1,272,198
Alice Springs Airport	Alice Springs, Northern Territory	582,755
Mount Isa Airport	Mount Isa, Queensland	208,395
Tennant Creek Airport	Tennant Creek, Northern Territory	<75,000

General Aviation Airports​

Airport:	Location:	Aircraft Movements:	Image:
Moorabbin-Harry Hawker Airport	Melbourne, Victoria	242,542
Parafield Airport	Adelaide, South Australia	235,384
Jandakot Airport	Perth, Western Australia	222,874
Bankstown Airport	Sydney, New South Wales	220,166
Archerfield Airport	Brisbane, Queensland	133,872
Camden Airport	Sydney, New South Wales	104,838
Melbourne-Essendon Airport	Melbourne, Victoria	~50,000

National Highway System

​

​

Overview​

The National Highway is a system of roads connecting all mainland states and territories of Australia, and is the major network of highways and motorways connecting Australia's capital cities and major regional centres. The National Highway became defined under the Australian Land Transport Development (ALTD) Act 1988. The act was largely concerned with funding road development in cooperation with the state governments. The federal transport minister defined the components of the National Highway, and also a category of "Road of National Importance" (RONI), with federal funding implications. Section 10.5 of the Act required the state road authorities to place frequent, prominent, signs on the National Highways and RONI projects funded by the federal government.

National Highway Routes​

Sydney <> Melbourne Route Number: Road Name: Start: End: Distance: Major Settlements: Hume Highway Sydney, NSW Albury, NSW 539km Sydney Goulburn Yass Gundagai Holbrook Albury Hume Freeway Wodonga, Victoria Melbourne, Victoria 290km Wodonga Wangaratta Benalla Euroa Seymour Wallan Melbourne Western Ring Road Melbourne, Victoria Melbourne, Victoria 15km Melbourne Sydney <> Brisbane Route Number: Road Name: Start: End: Distance: Major Settlements: Pacific Motorway Sydney, NSW Newcastle, NSW 127km Sydney Central Coast Newcastle New England Highway Newcastle, NSW Warwick, Queensland 290km Newcastle Maitland Singleton Muswellbrook Tamworth Armidale Glen Innes Tenterfield Stanthorpe Warwick Cunningham Highway Warwick, Queensland Ipswich, Queensland 127km Warwick Ipswich Ipswich Motorway Ipswich, Queensland Brisbane, Queensland 14km Ipswich Brisbane Sydney <> Adelaide Route Number: Road Name: Start: End: Distance: Major Settlements: Hume Highway Sydney, NSW Tarcutta, NSW 392km Sydney Goulburn Yass Sturt Highway Tarcutta, NSW Gawler, SA 967km Wagga Wagga Narrandera Hay Balranald Robinvale Mildura Renmark Berri Barmera Waikerie Blanchetown Nuriootpa Gawler Gawler Bypass Gawler, SA Gawler, SA 3km Gawler Northern Expressway Gawler, SA Waterloo Corner, SA 23km Gawler Angle Vale North-South Motorway Waterloo Corner, SA Adelaide, SA 23km Adelaide Sydney <> Darwin Route Number: Road Name: Start: End: Distance: Major Settlements: Great Western Highway Sydney, NSW Bathurst, NSW 143km Sydney Katoomba Lithgow Bathurst Mitchell Highway Bathurst, NSW Nyngan, NSW 369km Bathurst Orange Molong Wellington Dubbo Narromine Nyngan Mitchell Highway Nyngan, NSW Charleville, Queensland 653km Nyngan Bourke Cunnamulla Charleville Mitchell Highway Charleville, Queensland Augathella, Queensland 78km Charleville Landsborough Highway Augathella, Queensland Cloncurry, Queensland 967km Barcaldine Longreach Winton Cloncurry Barkly Highway Cloncurry, Queensland Tennant Creek, NT 757km Cloncurry Mount Isa Camooweal Tennant Creek Stuart Highway Tennant Creek, NT Daly Waters, NT 375km Tennant Creek Elliott Daly Waters Stuart Highway Daly Waters, NT Darwin, NT 590km Daly Waters Mataranka Katherine Pine Crek Adelaide River Batchelor Humpty Doo Palmerston Darwin Sydney <> Melbourne (Highway 1 alternative) Continues from Sydney <> Brisbane (Highway 1 alternative)​ Route Number: Road Name: Start: End: Distance: Major Settlements: Eastern Distributor Sydney, NSW Sydney, NSW 5km Sydney Southern Cross Drive Sydney, NSW Sydney, NSW 5km Sydney General Holmes Drive Sydney, NSW Sydney, NSW 2km Sydney General Holmes Drive Sydney, NSW Sydney, NSW 2km Sydney The Grand Parade Sydney, NSW Sydney, NSW 1km Sydney President Avenue Sydney, NSW Sydney, NSW 1.5km Sydney Princes Highway Sydney, NSW Waterfall, NSW 29km Sydney Princes Motorway Waterfall, NSW Nowra, NSW 112km Helensburgh Wollongong Kiama Bomaderry Nowra Princes Highway Nowra, NSW Morwell, Victoria 723km Nowra Ulladulla Batemans Bay Moruya Narooma Bega Merimbula Eden Orbost Bairnsdale Sale Traralgon Morwell Princes Freeway Morwell, Victoria Narre Warren, Victoria 114km Morwell Moe Warragul Drouin Pakenham Narre Warren Monash Freeway Narre Warren, Victoria Melbourne, Victoria 34km Narre Warren Dandenong Melbourne CityLink Melbourne, Victoria Melbourne, Victoria 8km Melbourne Continues as Melbourne <> Adelaide (Highway 1 alternative)​ Sydney <> Brisbane (Highway 1 alternative) Continues from Sydney <> Melbourne (Highway 1 alternative)​ Route Number: Road Name: Start: End: Distance: Major Settlements: Sydney Harbour Tunnel Sydney, NSW Sydney, NSW 3km Sydney Warringah Freeway Sydney, NSW Sydney, NSW 4km Sydney Gore Hill Freeway Sydney, NSW Sydney, NSW 3km Sydney Pacific Highway Sydney, NSW Sydney, NSW 14km Sydney Pacific Motorway Sydney, NSW Newcastle, NSW 127km Sydney Central Coast Newcastle John Renshaw Drive Newcastle, NSW Newcastle, NSW 1km Newcastle New England Highway Newcastle, NSW Newcastle, NSW 4km Newcastle Pacific Highway Newcastle, NSW Glenugie, NSW 435km Newcastle Forster Taree Port Macquarie Kempsey Nambucca Heads Coffs Harbour Grafton Pacific Motorway Glenugie, NSW Brisbane, Queensland 300km Grafton Ballina Byron Bay Mullumbimby Tweed Heads Coolangatta Gold Coast Brisbane Gateway Motorway Brisbane, Queensland Brisbane, Queensland 39km Brisbane Continues as Brisbane <> Cairns (Highway 1)​ Melbourne <> Brisbane Route Number: Road Name: Start: End: Distance: Major Settlements: Western Ring Road Melbourne, Victoria Melbourne, Victoria 15km Melbourne Hume Freeway Melbourne, Victoria Seymour, Victoria 75km Melbourne Wallan Seymour Goulburn Valley Freeway Seymour, Victoria Shepparton, Victoria 59km Seymour Shepparton Goulburn Valley Highway Shepparton, Victoria Tocumwal, NSW 110km Shepparton Numurkah Cobram Tocumwal Newell Highway Tocumwal, NSW Goondiwindi, Queensland 1,062km Tocumwal Narrandera West Wyalong Forbes Parkes Dubbo Gilgandra Coonabarabran Narrabri Moree Goondiwindi Leichhardt Highway Goondiwindi, Queensland Goondiwindi, Queensland 21km Goondiwindi Gore Highway Goondiwindi, Queensland Athol, Queensland 184km Goondiwindi Millmerran Pittsworth Toowoomba Bypass Athol, Queensland Charlton, Queensland 14km Toowoomba Toowoomba Bypass Charlton, Queensland Helidon Spa, Queensland 27km Toowoomba Warrego Highway Helidon Spa, Queensland Ipswich, Queensland 97km Helidon Gatton Ipswich Ipswich Motorway Ipswich, Queensland Brisbane, Queensland 14km Ipswich Brisbane Melbourne <> Adelaide Route Number: Road Name: Start: End: Distance: Major Settlements: Western Ring Road Melbourne, Victoria Melbourne, Victoria 15km Melbourne Western Freeway Melbourne, Victoria Buangor, Victoria 166km Melbourne Melton Bacchus Marsh Ballan Ballarat Beaufort Western Highway Buangor, Victoria Victoria/SA Border 263km Ararat Stawell Horsham Dimboola Nhill Kaniva Dukes Highway Victoria/SA Border Tailem Bend, SA 189km Bordertown Keith Tintinara Coonalpyn Tailem Bend Princes Highway Tailem Bend, SA Murray Bridge, SA 25km Tailem Bend Murray Bridge South Eastern Freeway Murray Bridge, SA Adelaide, SA 74km Murray Bridge Callington Mount Barker Littlehampton Hahndorf Crafers-Bridgewater Adelaide Portrush Road Adelaide, SA Adelaide, SA 7km Adelaide Ascot Avenue Adelaide, SA Adelaide, SA 2km Adelaide Taunton Road Adelaide, SA Adelaide, SA 200m Adelaide Hampstead Road Adelaide, SA Adelaide, SA 4km Adelaide Grand Junction Road Adelaide, SA Adelaide, SA 5km Adelaide Melbourne <> Hobart (Highway 1) Continues from Sydney <> Melbourne (Highway 1 alternative)​ Route Number: Road Name: Start: End: Distance: Major Settlements: West Gate Freeway Melbourne, Victoria Melbourne, Victoria 14km Melbourne Princes Freeway Melbourne, Victoria Geelong, Victoria 47km Melbourne Werribee Geelong Geelong Ring Road Geelong, Victoria Geelong, Victoria 7km Geelong Geelong-Devonport Ferry Geelong, Victoria Devonport, Tasmania 448km Geelong Bass Strait Devonport Bass Highway Devonport, Tasmania Launceston, Tasmania 94km Devonport Latrobe Elizabeth Town Deloraine Westbury Launceston Midland Highway Launceston, Tasmania Bridgewater, Tasmania 177km Launceston Perth Campbell Town Ross Oatlands Brighton Bridgewater Brooker Highway Bridgewater, Tasmania Hobart, Tasmania 17km Bridgewater Claremont Glenorchy Hobart Melbourne <> Mildura Route Number: Road Name: Start: End: Distance: Major Settlements: CityLink Melbourne, Victoria Melbourne, Victoria 13km Melbourne Calder Freeway Melbourne, Victoria Kangaroo Flat, Victoria 130km Melbourne Sunbury Gisborne Macedon Woodend Kyneton Castlemaine Bendigo High Street Kangaroo Flat, Victoria Bendigo, Victoria 7km Bendigo Don Street Bendigo, Victoria Bendigo, Victoria 1km Bendigo Eaglehawk Road Bendigo, Victoria Bendigo, Victoria 200m Bendigo Marong Road Bendigo, Victoria Marong, Victoria 12km Bendigo Calder Highway Marong, Victoria Irymple, Victoria 380km Bridgewater on Loddon Inglewood Wedderburn Charlton Wycheproof Sea Lake Ouyen Red Cliffs Irymple Fifteenth Street Irymple, Victoria Mildura, Victoria 5km Irymple Mildura Melbourne <> Adelaide (Highway 1 alternative) Continues from Sydney <> Melbourne (Highway 1 alternative)​ Route Number: Road Name: Start: End: Distance: Major Settlements: West Gate Freeway Melbourne, Victoria Melbourne, Victoria 14km Melbourne Princes Freeway Melbourne, Victoria Geelong, Victoria 47km Melbourne Werribee Geelong Geelong Ring Road Geelong, Victoria Geelong, Victoria 24km Geelong Princes Highway Geelong, Victoria Colac, Victoria 62km Geelong Winchelsea Colac Princes Highway Colac, Victoria Murray Bridge, SA 692km Colac Camperdown Terang Warrnambool Port Fairy Portland Heywood Dartmoor Mount Gambier Millicent Kingston SE Meningie Tailem Bend Murray Bridge South Eastern Freeway Murray Bridge, SA Adelaide, SA 74km Murray Bridge Callington Littlehampton Mount Barker Hahndorf Crafers-Bridgewater Adelaide Glen Osmond Road Adelaide, SA Adelaide, SA 2.5km Adelaide Fullarton Road Adelaide, SA Adelaide, SA 600m Adelaide City Ring Route Adelaide, SA Adelaide, SA 17km Adelaide Continues as Perth <> Adelaide (Highway 1 alternative)​ Brisbane <> Darwin Route Number: Road Name: Start: End: Distance: Major Settlements: Ipswich Motorway Brisbane, Queensland Ipswich, Queensland 14km Brisbane Ipswich Warrego Highway Ipswich, Queensland Helidon Spa, Queensland 97km Ipswich Gatton Helidon Toowoomba Bypass Helidon Spa, Queensland Charlton, Queensland 27km Toowoomba Warrego Highway Charlton, Queensland Morven, Queensland 515km Toowoomba Oakey Dalby Chinchilla Miles Roma Landsborough Highway Morven, Queensland Cloncurry, Queensland 1,050km Barcaldine Longreach Winton Cloncurry Barkly Highway Cloncurry, Queensland Tennant Creek, NT 757km Cloncurry Mount Isa Camooweal Tennant Creek Stuart Highway Tennant Creek, NT Daly Waters, NT 375km Tennant Creek Elliott Daly Waters Stuart Highway Daly Waters, NT Darwin, NT 590km Daly Waters Mataranka Katherine Pine Crek Adelaide River Batchelor Humpty Doo Palmerston Darwin Brisbane <> Cairns (Highway 1) Continues from Sydney <> Brisbane (Highway 1 alternative)​ Route Number: Road Name: Start: End: Distance: Major Settlements: Bruce Highway Brisbane, Queensland Gympie, Queensland 164km Brisbane Caboolture Sunshine Coast Gympie Bruce Highway Gympie, Queensland Cairns, Queensland 1,510km Gympie Maryborough Gladstone Rockhampton Mackay Proserpine Bowen Ayr Townsville Cardwell Tully Innisfail Gordonvale Cairns Mulgrave Road Cairns, Queensland Cairns, Queensland 5km Cairns Florence Street Cairns, Queensland Cairns, Queensland 500m Cairns Continues as Darwin <> Cairns (Highway 1)​ Perth <> Adelaide Route Number: Road Name: Start: End: Distance: Major Settlements: Great Eastern Highway Perth, WA Perth, WA 9km Perth Great Eastern Highway Bypass Perth, WA Perth, WA 5km Perth Roe Highway Perth, WA Perth, WA 3km Perth Great Eastern Highway Perth, WA Coolgardie, WA 535km Perth Mundaring Northam Kellerberrin Merredin Southern Cross Coolgardie Coolgardie-Esperance Highway Coolgardie, WA Norseman, WA 164km Coolgardie Kambalda West Norseman Eyre Highway Norseman, WA WA/SA Border 720km Norseman Balladonia Cocklebiddy Madura Eucla Eyre Highway WA/SA Border Port Augusta, SA 944km Yalata Ceduna Wudinna Kimba Iron Knob Port Augusta Augusta Highway Port Augusta, SA Port Wakefield, SA 209km Port Augusta Stirling North Port Germein Port Pirie Crystal Brook Snowtown Lochiel Port Wakefield Port Wakefield Highway Port Wakefield, SA Waterloo Corner, SA 73km Port Wakefield Dublin Two Wells Virginia Port Wakefield Road Waterloo Corner, SA Adelaide, SA 12km Adelaide Salisbury Highway Adelaide, SA Adelaide, SA 4km Adelaide Perth <> Darwin Route Number: Road Name: Start: End: Distance: Major Settlements: Great Eastern Highway Perth, WA Perth, WA 9km Perth Great Eastern Highway Bypass Perth, WA Perth, WA 5km Perth Roe Highway Perth, WA Perth, WA 3km Perth Roe Highway Perth, WA Perth, WA 4km Perth Great Northern Highway Perth, WA Port Hedland, WA 1,574km Perth Ellenbrook Bullsbrook Muchea Chittering Bindoon New Norcia Dalwallinu Mount Magnet Cue Meekatharra Newman Port Hedland Great Northern Highway Port Hedland, WA Wyndham, WA 1,563km Port Hedland Bidyadanga Broome Derby Fitzroy Crossing Halls Creek Warmun Durack Wyndham Victoria Highway Wyndham, WA WA/NT Border 87km Wyndham Kununurra Victoria Highway WA/NT Border Katherine, NT 470km Timber Creek Katherine Stuart Highway Katherine, NT Darwin, NT 316km Katherine Pine Crek Adelaide River Batchelor Humpty Doo Palmerston Darwin Perth <> Bunbury Route Number: Road Name: Start: End: Distance: Major Settlements: Canning Highway Perth, WA Perth, WA 5km Perth Kwinana Freeway Perth, WA Perth, WA 4km Perth Kwinana Freeway Perth, WA Ravenswood, WA 62km Perth Kwinana Baldivis Mandurah Forrest Highway Ravenswood, WA Lake Clifton, WA 38km Mandurah Pinjarra Lake Clifton Forrest Highway Lake Clifton, WA Bunbury, WA 54km Lake Clifton Australind Bunbury Bunbury Bypass Bunbury, WA Bunbury, WA 3km Bunbury Perth <> Adelaide (Highway 1 alternative) Continues from Perth <> Darwin (Highway 1 alternative)​ Route Number: Road Name: Start: End: Distance: Major Settlements: Canning Highway Perth, WA Perth, WA 5km Perth Kwinana Freeway Perth, WA Perth, WA 4km Perth Leach Highway Perth, WA Perth, WA 6km Perth Stock Road Perth, WA Perth, WA 10km Perth Rockingham Road Perth, WA Kwinana Beach, WA 11km Perth Kwinana Patterson Road Kwinana Beach, WA Rockingham, WA 5km Kwinana Rockingham Ennis Avenue Rockingham, WA Port Kennedy, WA 13km Rockingham Baldivis Port Kennedy Mandurah Road Port Kennedy, WA Mandurah, WA 23km Port Kennedy Secret Harbour Mandurah Old Coast Road Mandurah, WA Lake Clifton, WA 42km Mandurah Dawesville Lake Clifton Forrest Highway Lake Clifton, WA Bunbury, WA 54km Lake Clifton Australind Bunbury Bunbury Bypass Bunbury, WA Bunbury, WA 3km Bunbury South Western Highway Bunbury, WA Walpole, WA 243km Bunbury Boyanup Donnybrook Balingup Bridgetown Manjimup Walpole South Coast Highway Walpole, WA Esperance, WA 591km Walpole Denmark Albany Jerramungup Ravensthorpe Munglinup Esperance Coolgardie-Esperance Highway Esperance, WA Norseman, WA 202km Esperance Salmon Gums Norseman Eyre Highway Norseman, WA WA/SA Border 720km Norseman Balladonia Cocklebiddy Madura Eucla Eyre Highway WA/SA Border Port Augusta, SA 944km Yalata Ceduna Wudinna Kimba Iron Knob Port Augusta Augusta Highway Port Augusta, SA Port Wakefield, SA 209km Port Augusta Stirling North Port Germein Port Pirie Crystal Brook Snowtown Lochiel Port Wakefield Port Wakefield Highway Port Wakefield, SA Waterloo Corner, SA 73km Port Wakefield Dublin Two Wells Virginia Port Wakefield Road Waterloo Corner, SA Adelaide, SA 16km Adelaide Main North Road Adelaide, SA Adelaide, SA 6km Adelaide Continues as Melbourne <> Adelaide (Highway 1 alternative)​ Perth <> Darwin (Highway 1 alternative) Continues from Perth <> Adelaide (Highway 1 alternative)​ Route Number: Road Name: Start: End: Distance: Major Settlements: Great Eastern Highway Perth, WA Perth, WA 15km Perth Morrison Road Perth, WA Perth, WA 1km Perth Great Northern Highway Perth, WA Muchea, WA 38km Perth Ellenbrook Bullsbrook Muchea Brand Highway Muchea, WA Geraldton, WA 367km Muchea Gingin Port Denison-Dongara Geraldton North West Coastal Highway Geraldton, WA Port Hedland, WA 1,298km Geraldton Northampton Denham Carnarvon Coral Bay Onslow Karratha Roebourne Port Hedland Great Northern Highway Port Hedland, WA Wyndham, WA 1,563km Port Hedland Bidyadanga Broome Derby Fitzroy Crossing Halls Creek Warmun Durack Wyndham Victoria Highway Wyndham, WA WA/NT Border 87km Wyndham Kununurra Victoria Highway WA/NT Border Katherine, NT 470km Timber Creek Katherine Stuart Highway Katherine, NT Darwin, NT 316km Katherine Pine Crek Adelaide River Batchelor Humpty Doo Palmerston Darwin Continues as Darwin <> Cairns (Highway 1)​ Adelaide <> Darwin Route Number: Road Name: Start: End: Distance: Major Settlements: Main North Road Adelaide, SA Adelaide, SA 6km Adelaide Port Wakefield Road Adelaide, SA Waterloo Corner, SA 16km Adelaide Port Wakefield Highway Waterloo Corner, SA Port Wakefield, SA 73km Virginia Two Wells Dublin Port Wakefield Augusta Highway Port Wakefield, SA Port Augusta, SA 209km Port Wakefield Lochiel Snowtown Crystal Brook Port Pirie Port Germein Stirling North Port Augusta Stuart Highway Port Augusta, SA Daly Waters, NT 2,129km Port Augusta Woomera Glendambo Coober Pedy Marla Indulkana Kulgera Erldunda Alice Springs Ti Tree Tennant Creek Elliott Daly Waters Lasseter Highway (spur route) Erldunda, NT Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park, NT 244km Erldunda Curtin Springs Yulara Stuart Highway Daly Waters, NT Darwin, NT 590km Daly Waters Mataranka Katherine Pine Crek Adelaide River Batchelor Humpty Doo Palmerston Darwin Canberra <> Sydney Route Number: Road Name: Start: End: Distance: Major Settlements: Federal Highway Canberra, ACT Goulburn, NSW 80km Canberra Goulburn Hume Highway Goulburn, NSW Sydney, NSW 166km Goulburn Sydney Canberra <> Melbourne Route Number: Road Name: Start: End: Distance: Major Settlements: Barton Highway Canberra, ACT Yass, NSW 52km Canberra Murrumbateman Yass Hume Highway Yass, NSW Albury, NSW 282km Yass Gundagai Holbrook Albury Hume Freeway Wodonga, Victoria Melbourne, Victoria 290km Wodonga Wangaratta Benalla Euroa Seymour Wallan Melbourne Western Ring Road Melbourne, Victoria Melbourne, Victoria 15km Melbourne Hobart <> Burnie Route Number: Road Name: Start: End: Distance: Major Settlements: Brooker Highway Hobart, Tasmania Bridgewater, Tasmania 17km Hobart Glenorchy Claremont Bridgewater Midland Highway Bridgewater, Tasmania Launceston, Tasmania 177km Bridgewater Brighton Oatlands Ross Campbell Town Perth Launceston East Tamar Highway (spur route) Launceston, Tasmania George Town, Tasmania 50km Launceston Hillwood Bell Bay George Town Bass Highway Launceston, Tasmania Burnie, Tasmania 142km Launceston Westbury Deloraine Elizabeth Town Latrobe Devonport Leith Ulverstone Penguin Burnie Darwin <> Cairns (Highway 1) Continues from Perth <> Darwin (Highway 1 alternative)​ Route Number: Road Name: Start: End: Distance: Major Settlements: Stuart Highway Darwin, NT Daly Waters, NT 590km Darwin Palmerston Humpty Doo Batchelor Adelaide River Pine Creek Katherine Mataranka Daly Waters Carpentaria Highway (Savannah Way) Daly Waters, NT Borroloola, NT 380km Daly Waters Borroloola Wollogorang Road (Savannah Way) Borroloola, NT QLD/NT Border 262km Borroloola Westmoreland Road (Savannah Way) QLD/NT Border Doomadgee, Queensland 133km Hells Gate Roadhouse Doomadgee Doomadgee Road (Savannah Way) Doomadgee, Queensland Tirrana Roadhouse, Queensland 71km Doomadgee Wills Developmental Road (Savannah Way) Tirrana Roadhouse, Queensland Burketown, Queensland 26km Burketown Nardoo-Burketown Road (Savannah Way) Burketown, Queensland Leichhardt Falls, Queensland 74km Burketown Burketown-Normanton Road (Savannah Way) Leichhardt Falls, Queensland Normanton, Queensland 147km Normanton Burke Developmental Road (Savannah Way) Normanton, Queensland Normanton, Queensland 2km Normanton Gulf Developmental Road (Savannah Way) Normanton, Queensland Forty Mile, Queensland 443km Normanton Croydon Georgetown Kennedy Highway (Savannah Way) Forty Mile, Queensland Cairns, Queensland 244km Mount Garnet Ravenshoe Herberton Atherton Mareeba Kuranda Smithfield Cairns Captain Cook Highway Cairns, Queensland Cairns, Queensland 9km Cairns Sheridan Street Cairns, Queensland Cairns, Queensland 4km Cairns Continues as Brisbane <> Cairns (Highway 1)​ Darwin <> Townsville Route Number: Road Name: Start: End: Distance: Major Settlements: Stuart Highway Darwin, NT Daly Waters, NT 590km Darwin Palmerston Humpty Do Batchelor Adelaide River Pine Creek Katherine Mataranka Daly Waters Stuart Highway Daly Waters, NT Tennant Creek, NT 375km Daly Waters Elliott Tennant Creek Barkly Highway Tennant Creek, NT Cloncurry, Queensland 757km Tennant Creek Camooweal Mount Isa Cloncurry Flinders Highway Cloncurry, Queensland Townsville, Queensland 765km Cloncurry Julia Creek Richmond Hughenden Charters Towers Townsville Bruce Highway Townsville, Queensland Townsville, Queensland 3km Townsville

Office of the National Rail Safety Regulator

​

Overview​

The Office of the National Rail Safety Regulator (ONRSR) has responsibility for regulatory oversight of rail safety in every Australian state and territory, to promote and improve national rail safety and ensure the safety of the community. ONRSR is an independent body corporate established under the Rail Safety National Law (South Australia) Act. ONRSR independently administers the Rail Safety National Law and performs the functions and responsibilities, and exercises the powers conferred upon it by that law on behalf of all state, territory and federal Ministers for Transport and Infrastructure. Under Rail Safety National Law, “the ONRSR” comprises the National Rail Safety Regulator and two non-executive members. These appointments are made by the South Australian Transport Minister on the unanimous recommendation of the responsible ministers.

Investigation Title:	Investigation Number:	Occurrence Date:	Report Status:	Report Outcome:

Infrastructure Australia

Overview​

Infrastructure Australia is an independent statutory body providing independent research and advice to all levels of government and industry on projects and reforms relating to investment in Australian infrastructure. It advocates for reforms on issues including financing, delivering and operating infrastructure and how to better plan and use Australia's infrastructure networks. Infrastructure Australia also maintains the Infrastructure Priority List. This is a prioritisation process that is intended to ensure that there is a single pipeline for the evaluation and prioritisation of nationally-significant infrastructure projects.

Infrastructure Priority List​

Name:	Location:	Sector:	Proponent:	Overview of Problem and Proposal:	Project Stage:
					1. Early Stage Proposal 2. Potential Investment Options 3. Investment Ready Proposal 4. Project Delivery 5. Post Completion Review

International Air Services Commission

​

Overview​

The International Air Services Commission (IASC) is an independent Australian Government statutory agency, responsible to the Minister for Infrastructure and Transport. The IASC's role is to determine the outcomes of applications by existing and prospective Australian airlines for capacity and route entitlements available under air services arrangements. These determinations allocate the available capacity on a route to one or more carriers and set conditions, where these are considered appropriate. The IASC is composed of a Chairperson and two Members, appointed on a part-time basis. Its office in Canberra is assisted by a small Secretariat. The Commission was established under the International Air Services Commission Act 1992. The object of the Act is to enhance the welfare of Australians by promoting economic efficiency through competition in the provision of international air services, resulting in: Increased responsiveness by airlines to the needs of consumers, including an increased range of choices and benefits; and Growth in Australian tourism and trade; and The maintenance of Australian carriers capable of competing effectively with airlines of foreign countries

Current and Completed Cases​

Destination Country:	Date of Application:	Airline:	Codeshares:	Frequency:	Seat Capacity:	Status:

Australian Rail Track Corporation

​

Overview​

The Australian Rail Track Corporation (ARTC) is an Australian Government-owned statutory corporation. It operates one of the largest rail networks in the nation, spanning 8,500km across five states and 39 worksites. ARTC continues to expand the network through major infrastructure projects. ARTC does not operate any trains, but provides and maintains the infrastructure for train operators to run on. ARTC controls tracks in all mainland states. These were previously run by five separate state railways in an uncoordinated fashion that gave an advantage to road transport. By combining the infrastructure under one corporation it was expected that a more integrated and coordinated one-stop-shop would be created. It provides its own reporting numbers to trains that operate on its network. It also allows Commonwealth officers undercover privileges presenting as staff of ARTC.

Owned Corridors​

Corridor:	Line Name(s):	Start Point:	End Point:	Gauge:	Length:
Adelaide to Serviceton	Adelaide-Melbourne Line	Adelaide, South Australia	Serviceton, Victoria	1435mm	366km
Adelaide to Port Augusta	Adelaide-Port Augusta Line	Adelaide, South Australia	Port Augusta, South Australia	1435mm	315km
Port Augusta to Kalgoorlie	Trans-Australian Railway	Port Augusta, South Australia	Kalgoorlie, Western Australia	1435mm	1,691km
Port Augusta to Whyalla	Whyalla Line	Port Augusta, South Australia	Whyalla, South Australia	1435mm	74km
Crystal Brook to Broken Hill	Crystal Brook-Broken Hill Line	Crystal Brook, South Australia	Broken Hill, New South Wales	1435mm	371km
Tarcoola to Alice Springs	Adelaide-Darwin Rail Corridor	Tarcoola, South Australia	Alice Springs, Northern Territory	1435mm	828km
Dry Creek to Pelican Point	Dry Creek-Port Adelaide Line	Dry Creek, South Australia	Outer Harbor, South Australia	1435mm	8km
Sefton to Macarthur	Southern Sydney Freight Line	Sefton, New South Wales	Campbelltown, New South Wales	1435mm	36km

Leased Corridors​

Corridor:	Line Name(s):	Start Point:	End Point:	Gauge:	Length:
Melbourne to Albury	North East Line	Melbourne, Victoria	Albury, New South Wales	1435mm	307km
Melbourne to Serviceton	Western Line	Melbourne, Victoria	Serviceton, Victoria	1435mm	532km
Maroona to Portland	Portland Line	Maroona, Victoria	Portland, Victoria	1435mm	173km
Benalla to Oaklands	Oaklands Line	Benalla, Victoria	Oaklands, New South Wales	1435mm	125km
Port Botany to Sefton	Metropolitan Goods Line	Port Botany, New South Wales	Sefton, New South Wales	1435mm	21km
Macarthur to Albury	Main Southern Line	Campbelltown, New South Wales	Albury, New South Wales	1435mm	594km
Unanderra to Moss Vale	Unanderra-Moss Vale Line	Wollongong, New South Wales	Moss Vale, New South Wales	1435mm	57km
Cootamunda to Parkes	Stockinbingal-Parkes Line Lake Cargelligo Line	Stockinbingal, New South Wales	Parkes, New South Wales	1435mm	165km
Parkes to Broken Hill	Broken Hill Line	Parkes, New South Wales	Broken Hill, New South Wales	1435mm	678km
Parkes to Narromine	Parkes-Narromine Line	Parkes, New South Wales	Narromine, New South Wales	1435mm	106km
Dubbo to Werris Creek	Troy Junction-Merrygoen Line	Dubbo, New South Wales	Werris Creek, New South Wales	1435mm	119km
Maitland to Brisbane	North Coast Line	Maitland, New South Wales	Brisbane, Queensland	1435mm	795km
Maitland to North Star	Main North Line Mungindi Line Boggabilla Line	Maitland, New South Wales	North Star, New South Wales	1435mm	470km
Muswellbrook to Gulgong	Sandy Hollow-Gulgong Line	Muswellbrook, New South Wales	Gulgong, New South Wales	1435mm	125km

High Speed Rail Authority

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Overview​

The High Speed Rail Authority (HSRA) is an Australian Government authority tasked with advising on, planning, developing and overseeing the construction and operation of an eventual high-speed rail network along Australia's eastern seaboard. The Authority is currently tasked with producing a number of business cases for higher-speed rail between capital cities and regional centres. The Government is to assess five fast rail corridors: Sydney to Wollongong Sydney to Parkes (via Bathurst and Orange) Melbourne to Albury-Wodonga Melbourne to Traralgon Brisbane to the Gold Coast Melbourne to Greater Shepparton Sydney to Newcastle Brisbane to the regions of Moreton Bay and the Sunshine Coast Sydney to Canberra

National Heavy Vehicle Regulator

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Overview​

The National Heavy Vehicle Regulator (NHVR) is Australia’s regulator for heavy vehicles (over 4.5 tonnes Gross Vehicle Mass). They are headquartered in Brisbane and operate across the ACT, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania and Victoria. They were established as a statutory authority to administer one set of laws, the Heavy Vehicle National Law (HVNL), which applies in all Australia's states and territories except the Northern Territory and Western Australia. In the 6 states and territories where the HVNL applies, there are more than: 119,000 registered prime movers 1.05 million registered heavy vehicle units (including mobile cranes, trailers and agricultural vehicles) 273,000 registered operators 36,900 buses 530 road managers They vision of the National Heavy Vehicle Regulator is to have a safe, efficient and productive heavy vehicle industry serving the needs of Australia. They provide leadership to, and work collaboratively with, industry and partner agencies to: Drive sustainable improvement to safety, productivity and efficiency outcomes across the heavy vehicle road transport sector and the Australian economy Minimise the regulatory compliance burden, while ensuring the objects of the HVNL are achieved and duty holders meet their obligations Reduce duplication of, and inconsistencies in, heavy vehicle regulation across state and territory borders

National Heavy Vehicle Registration Scheme​

The National Heavy Vehicle Registration Scheme operates in the ACT, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and the Northern Territory, where a national heavy vehicle plate will be issued with any transaction, such as when: a new heavy vehicle is registered an unregistered heavy vehicle is re-registered a state or territory registration is transferred to a jurisdiction other than Western Australia a lost, damaged, destroyed or stolen number plate is replaced. The format for National Heavy Vehicle plates are XA-12AA (for Trucks) or YA-12AA (for Trailers) in Black on white reflection base, and blue band legend with the words NATIONAL HEAVY VEHICLE imprinted on it. In this example the prefix denotes X for Trucks and Y for Trailers and the last prefix letter is for home states/territory: A for Australian Capital Territory J for Jervis Bay Territory N, O and P for New South Wales R for Northern Territory Q and B for Queensland S for South Australia T for Tasmania V, W and X for Victoria ​

Personnel

Type:	Amount:	Image:
Safety and Compliance Officers	1,000

Equipment

Type:	Amount:	Image:
Patrol Cars	200

Structure

Unit:	Size:	Base:
Queensland Operations	470x Safety and Compliance Officers, 94x Patrol Cars	Brisbane
New South Wales and Australian Capital Territory Operations	380x Safety and Compliance Officers, 76x Patrol Cars	Sydney
Victoria Operations	70x Safety and Compliance Officers, 14x Patrol Cars	Melbourne
South Australia Operations	70x Safety and Compliance Officers, 14x Patrol Cars	Adelaide
Tasmania Operations	10x Safety and Compliance Officers, 2x Patrol Cars	Hobart

Office of Road Safety

Overview​

The Office of Road Safety was established to coordinate and facilitate the national efforts to eliminate road trauma in Australia. It is a Branch within the Road and Vehicle Safety Division. The Office works with state, territory and local governments, police agencies, road safety organisations and other stakeholders to achieve our long-term aim that no one is killed or seriously injured on Australia's roads. To support effective national collaboration and coordination, our role involves: Implementing the National Road Safety Strategy with state, territory, and local governments to achieve road trauma reduction targets Coordinating the delivery of the Australian government’s commitments under the National Road Safety Action Plan Analysing research and data to inform road safety policy and program development Partnering with states, territories and local governments to pilot new and innovative road safety solutions Engaging with national road safety stakeholders and the Australian public to improve road safety for all Australians

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National Transport Commission

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Overview​

The National Transport Commission (NTC), previously known as the National Road Transport Commission, is an Australian statutory body created to develop regulatory and operational reform for road, rail and intermodal transport. Under Australia's federal system, transport policy and regulatory responsibilities span across Commonwealth, state and territory, and local governments. Differences between these regulatory systems mean that national transport operators can face inconsistent regulations, creating unnecessary inefficiency and cost. The NTC is focused on reforms which improve the productivity, safety and environmental outcomes of the Australian transport system. Its work includes delivering a National Rail Action Plan to make rail more interoperable, developing an end-to-end regulatory framework for automated vehicles, improving the National Heavy Vehicle law, maintaining the Australian Dangerous Goods Code and maintaining national model laws, including the Australian Road Rules. The NTC also plays a role in implementation planning to ensure reform outcomes are relevant and effective. Recommendations and advice are presented to Australia's transport ministers through the Infrastructure and Transport Ministers' Meeting for approval by majority vote. Based in Melbourne, the NTC has six commissioners including a Chief Executive.

National Intermodal Corporation

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Overview​

The National Intermodal Corporation (NIC) develops infrastructure necessary to connect Australian exporters to the global market, and to deliver products to Australian businesses, homes and families. The NIC supports the Australian Government’s vision for an efficient and effective transport sector, as laid out in the National Freight and Supply Chain Strategy, and are a critical enabler for a modern, efficient supply chain. The NIC is wholly owned by the Commonwealth of Australia as a Government Business Enterprise, incorporated under the Corporations Act 2001 and operated in accordance with the Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act. The strategic priorities of the National Intermodal Corporation are: Improve supply chain resilience Increase logistics efficiency Improve sustainability The NIC operates two intermodal precincts at Moorebank in Sydney and Beveridge in Melbourne.

Centre for Population

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Overview​

The Centre for Population is the Australian Government body responsible for producing population projections, conducting demographic analysis, and providing data and insights to inform government policy and the wider community about Australia's changing population. It monitors migration, natural increase, and other demographic factors to support sustainable population growth and ensure equitable distribution of services across the nation.