[Australia]: Message to the United States [SEC=SECRET]

[Owen]

​

CHIEF OF NAVY​

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION: SECRET (ENCRYPTED)​

2 June 2005

Dear Admiral Porter, One of the most important relationships I have the honour of maintaining as Australia's Chief of Navy is with the Commander, U.S. Pacific Fleet. As you may be aware, Australia is uniquely in a position to have direct access to the Pacific, Indian and Southern Oceans, the only nation with that privilege. Whilst Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia are able to have access to both the Indian and Pacific Oceans, as far as our Defence Intelligence is aware we are the only nation that maintains a significant naval presence on both, with fleet bases on both sides of the country including naval air bases. We're also the only nation to maintain a sophisticated defence communications network with the ability to communicate across the Pacific and Indian Oceans through the Australian Defence Force Modernised High Frequency Communications System. As apart of this network we maintain the Naval Communication Station Harold E. Holt near Exmouth, Western Australia. This site is the most powerful transmission station in the Southern Hemisphere with a transmission power of 1 megawatt. It has the ability to communicate with ships and submarines across the western Pacific and eastern Indian Oceans. With a frequency of 19.8kHz it provides a very low frequency ability to be able to communicate with submarines deep in the ocean. Originally it was constructed by the United States as U.S. Naval Communication Station North West Cape, since 1974 we have maintained a joint operation on the facility and since 1993 only the Royal Australian Navy uses the facility. I would like to see a U.S. presence returned to the facility. We've also highlighted the site for potential construction of space surveillance facilities in the future. I would like it if I could visit Hawaii and visit the U.S. Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor in order to sit down and discuss these many areas of cooperation between our two navies which we think will benefit both of us quite strongly, particularly in light of evolving regional challenges. Yours sincerely, Vice Admiral Russ Crane.

Russell Offices, CANBERRA, ACT 2600 Telephone: (02) 6144 9190​

Protective Marking:	Business Impact Level:	Compromise of Information Confidentiality:	Required to be Encrypted:
UNOFFICIAL	No Business Impact	No damage. This information does not form part of official duty.
OFFICIAL	Low Business Impact	No or insignificant damage. This is the majority of routine information.
OFFICIAL: Sensitive	Low to Medium Business Impact	Limited damage to an individual, organisation or government generally if compromised.
PROTECTED	High Business Impact	Damage to the national interest, organisations or individuals.
SECRET	Extreme Business Impact	Serious damage to the national interest, organisations or individuals.
TOP SECRET	Catastrophic Business Impact	Exceptionally grave damage to the national interest, organisations or individuals.

Odinson

 

[Odinson]

---

OFFICE OF THE COMMANDER OF THE U.S. PACIFIC FLEET​

---

ENCRYPTED MESSAGE​

TO: Vice Admiral Russ Crane, Chief of the Royal Australian Navy ( Owen )

FROM: Admiral Thomas Porter, Commander, U.S. Pacific Fleet

Vice Admiral Crane,

I have spoken with the Secretary of The Navy, and he agrees with me that a visit by you to Pearl Harbor would likely be very productive for both of our navies, and our countries.

Once of President Sinclair's first official acts as commander-in-chief was to ensure that the United States would once again have a global naval presence. While that is still a work in progress, preliminary steps have already been taken. It has become quite clear to the Federal Government, and several of our partners around the world, that a lack of presence by the United States Navy is not a benefit to global stability. With that being said, I would be very interested to talk to you about the naval facilities that you mentioned, as well as Naval Communication Station Harold E. Holt. In addition to those items, we can also discuss the possibility of future joint operations, regardless of the size, between our navies so that we can work together as regional partners.

I look forward to meeting you in person.​

Very Respectfully,

Thomas Porter
Admiral, Commander, U.S. Pacific Fleet
​

​

 

[Owen]

The Vice Admiral would cringe as he read the top line addressed to "Chief of the Royal Australian Navy", as the service branch chiefs were known as Chief of Navy, Chief of Army and Chief of Air Force and in a foreign context would have it prefaced with "Australia's" or followed by ", Australia".

​

CHIEF OF NAVY​

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION: SECRET (ENCRYPTED)​

2 June 2005

Dear Admiral Porter, Thank you for your timely response. I shall be arriving in the coming days. Yours sincerely, Vice Admiral Russ Crane.

Russell Offices, CANBERRA, ACT 2600 Telephone: (02) 6144 9190​

Protective Marking:	Business Impact Level:	Compromise of Information Confidentiality:	Required to be Encrypted:
UNOFFICIAL	No Business Impact	No damage. This information does not form part of official duty.
OFFICIAL	Low Business Impact	No or insignificant damage. This is the majority of routine information.
OFFICIAL: Sensitive	Low to Medium Business Impact	Limited damage to an individual, organisation or government generally if compromised.
PROTECTED	High Business Impact	Damage to the national interest, organisations or individuals.
SECRET	Extreme Business Impact	Serious damage to the national interest, organisations or individuals.
TOP SECRET	Catastrophic Business Impact	Exceptionally grave damage to the national interest, organisations or individuals.

The Chief of Navy, while not usually entitled to Royal Australian Air Force VIP aircraft, would have a Dassault Falcon 7X granted for his use for this trip due to their extended availability and the overseas nature of it. He would be accompanied by Aide-de-Camp's and the aircraft would travel from RAAF Base Fairbairn in Canberra to Hickham Air Force Base in Hawaii. He would be greeted by the Australian Consul-General in Honolulu, Mrs. Jane Hardy and Mrs. Sally Timbs the Australian Defence Liasion in the State of Hawaii.

​

Odinson

 

[Odinson]

Secret​

Vice Admiral Russ Crane would land safely with his entourage in Hawaii at Hickam Air Force Base. Once the aircraft had landed, it was directed to the appropriate taxiway and gate so that they could deplane. Waiting for them would be senior officials from the U.S. Pacific fleet as well as representatives from the State Department. The Australian representatives were escorted to U.S. Pacific Fleet headquarters at Pearl Harbor, and eventually to the office of Admiral Porter who was wearing his dress white uniform. Admiral Porter welcomed Vice Admiral Crane into his office and, if he was willing, would shake his hand.

"Admiral, welcome to Pearl Harbor. We'll have something more formal tonight, but I like getting down to brass tax before dealing with formalities and parties. I hope that you don't mind us getting down to business after your plane flight - I've had a long day myself," he said as he poured both of them a glass of ice water. Porter offered Crane a seat in his office, on a sofa across from another sofa, which had a coffee table in the middle. He would seat on one couch while Crane was welcome to sit on the other.

Owen

 

[Owen]

Vice Admiral Russ Crane would also be wearing his white dress uniform, the Officer Summer Non-Ceremonial Day Dress variant, which included short-sleeved but long pants with insignia on the shoulders. The Vice Admiral would reach out for a handshake.

"It's a pleasure to meet you Admiral. Let me introduce to you my Aide-de-Camp, Commodore Harry Nixon and the Australian Defence Liasion in the State of Hawaii, Mrs. Sally Timbs.

We are keen to discuss business." He would wait for the door to close.

"I think it's been highlighted as a priority by both of our governments to see closer cooperation between our Navies. This is the largest ocean in the world and it is highly contested. We have numerous threats to freedom of navigation and shipping lanes. Europe's trade with Asia rests solely on the Singapore Straits and the Strait of Malacca. As you can imagine Admiral.... there are a few problems in that vicinity. Australia also projects itself as an Indian Ocean power, which always seems to find itself in trouble, particularly around the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf end. A vast continent with multiple gateways to multiple bodies of water is certainly one that the United States Navy would see potential in and we want to unlock those potentials."

Odinson

 

[Odinson]

Secret​

"Commodore, Mrs. Timbs, it is nice to meet you both. Thank you for taking the time to come all of the way to Hawaii to sit down and talk," he said as they were seated in the private office with some available refreshments.

"I know that the White House, the Pentagon, and the Secretary of The Navy all agree that a close working partnership and relationship with the United States is crucial. We especially see the Australian Royal Navy the best possible partner in the region. President Sinclair has prioritized the global deployment of American Naval assets. During the past administration, these deployments mostly consisted of carrier battle groups that sailed around the United States, the Pacific, the Atlantic, and the Mediterranean. The Pentagon wants to see a larger number of deployments on the high seas, but while also using smaller patrols so that a larger area can be covered," he said.

"The White House wants to decrease global tensions, and our presence on the high seas has historically done so. If the Australian Navy wants to work with us to achieve that mission in the Pacific and Indian oceans and connecting seas, then I think that we can certainly work together on that mission. What would be the most helpful is, as you suggested, if we can once again start operating Naval Communication Station Harold E. Holt and U.S. Naval Communication Station North West Cape.

"From what it sounds, and correct me if I'm wrong, but it sounds like this would be a long-term partnership between our navies. In that case, in order to decrease the stress of logistics on a massive scale, the Navy would need one or two facilities to use as a base for refueling and replenishing. Preferably, if your government would allow it, I think it would be advantageous for the Pacific Fleet to permanently station a squadron of submarines and possibly one or two squadrons of surface ships in Australia. Do you think that is something that your government would be willing to permit?" he asked, and then took a sip of water.

Owen

 

[Owen]

"Royal Australian Navy...." He would say to himself in his head.

"Certainly, all Royal Australian Navy bases are open to your forces to replenishment and refuel. Sydney, Perth and Darwin have larger reserves of fuel if you required an entire fleet to be refuelled but fuel is accessible at any of the bases or depots, including those primarily used for training.

In terms of joint bases and stations. The Government is open to returning Harold E. Holt to a joint facility. There are facilities in the town of Exmouth which can house U.S. Navy personnel and we're open to you stationing those personnel, communications operators primarily as well as a Naval Security Group detachment. The Australian Federal Police does provide security to the facility, but we are always open to strengthening that.

In terms of stationing forces, we are open to having up to four U.S. submarines, a squadron, on a rotation basis through Australia. Preferably this would be done at Fleet Base West in Perth, due to its access to the Indian Ocean given that the United States already has many bases in the Pacific and also the fact our submarine base is in Sydney at HMAS Platypus and there are none in Perth. Surface ships could also be stationed in Australia at either Sydney, Perth, Darwin, Cairns or Dampier. We are open to having smaller U.S. surface ships, such as the Celestial-class, Independence-class or Freedom-class, based in those latter three northern bases. Larger vessels would need to be in either Sydney or Perth."

He would slide over an agreement in regards to Naval Communication Station Harold E. Holt.

"Sorry for the extremely long title."

Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of the United States of America relating to the Operation of and Access to an Australian Naval Communication Station at North West Cape in Western Australia

AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF AUSTRALIA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA RELATING TO THE OPERATION OF AND ACCESS TO AN AUSTRALIAN NAVAL COMMUNICATION STATION AT NORTH WEST CAPE IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA​

THE GOVERNMENT OF AUSTRALIA (in this Agreement called "the Australian Government") AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (in this Agreement called "the United States Government"); DESIRING to cooperate further in efforts for collective defense and for the preservation of peace and security; and CONSIDERING that the maintenance and operation of an Australian naval communication station at North West Cape in Western Australia and considering that the granting to the United States the right to guaranteed access and use of that base will materially contribute to that end; HAVE AGREED as follows:

Article 1​

In accordance with the terms and conditions set out in this Agreement, the Australian Government shall maintain and operate a naval communication station (in this Agreement called "the station") at North West Cape in the State of Western Australia.

Article 2​

The Australian Government shall, for the duration of this Agreement, grant to the United States Government all necessary rights of access to and use of the station, its facilities, and services, subject to the provisions of this Agreement and in accordance with technical arrangements made between the cooperating agencies of the two Governments. For the purposes of this Agreement, on the part of the Australian Government, the cooperating agency shall be the Australian Department of Defence, and on the part of the United States Government, the cooperating agency shall be the Department of the Navy.

Article 3​

(1) The two Governments will consult from time to time at the request of either Government on any matters connected with the station and its use. (2) Except with the express consent of the Australian Government, the station will not be used for any purpose other than defense communication.

Article 4​

The communication services of the station shall be available to the Australian and United States armed forces. The cooperating agencies shall mutually determine technical arrangements for the use of the station. United States use of the station shall be in accordance with the Australian Government’s policy of full knowledge and concurrence.

Article 5​

Equipment, materials, supplies and other property imported into or acquired in Australia by or on behalf of the United States Government free of taxes, shall not be disposed of within Australia except under conditions to be agreed by the two Governments.

Article 6​

(1) Income derived wholly and exclusively from performance in Australia of any contract with the United States Government in connection with the maintenance or operation of the station by any person or company (other than a company incorporated in Australia) being a contractor, sub-contractor, or one of its personnel, who is in or is carrying on business in Australia solely for the purpose of such performance, shall be deemed not to have been derived in Australia, provided that it is not exempt, and is taxed, under the taxation laws of the United States. Such contractors, subcontractors and personnel, and the dependents of any of the above other than those persons who, immediately before becoming dependents, were and at all times thereafter have continued to be ordinarily resident in Australia, will not be subject to Australian tax in respect of income derived from sources outside Australia. (2) Where the legal incidence of any form of taxation in Australia depends upon residence or domicile, periods during which such contractors, subcontractors, personnel and dependents are in Australia solely in connection with the maintenance or operation of the station shall not be considered as periods of residence therein, or as creating a change of residence or domicile, for the purposes of such taxation. (3) Personal property which is situated in Australia solely by reason of such contractors, sub-contractors, personnel and dependents being in Australia, or carrying on business in Australia, wholly and exclusively in connection with the performance in Australia of a contract or contracts with the United States Government in connection with the maintenance or operation of the station shall, in respect of the holding by, transfer by reason of the death of, or transfer to or by, those persons or companies, be exempt from taxation under the laws of the Australian Government relating to estate and gift duty. (4) The last preceding paragraph shall apply only if the property concerned is subject, and is taxed under the laws of the United States relating to estate or gift tax, and shall not apply in relation to- (a) property held as, or for the purpose of, an investment; (b) intangible property registered, and copyright subsisting, in Australia; or (c) property held in connection with the carrying on in Australia of any business not otherwise referred to in this Article.​ (5) A person or company shall not be disqualified from being a contractor, sub-contractor or one of their personnel in respect of whom this Article applies by reason only of the contractor or sub-contractor having undertaken the performance in Australia of a contract for the United States Government in connection with activities, other than the station, agreed upon by the two Governments.

Article 7​

(1) The Australian Government shall take the necessary steps to facilitate the admission into Australia of all equipment, materials, supplies and other property provided by or on behalf of the United States Government in connection with activities under this Agreement. Duties, taxes or like charges shall not be levied on such property which is certified at the time of entry as or intended to be the property of the United States Government. (2) Australian indirect taxes shall be paid through a procedure whereby any such taxes incurred in respect of equipment, materials, supplies and other property and services purchased in Australia which are certified as being for use in connection with the activities under this Agreement and which are not for resale, provided that such property shall become the property of the United States Government prior to use in Australia, shall be paid by the Australian Department of Defence on behalf of the United States Government, Australian goods and services tax legislation having no provision for exemption.

Article 8​

The United States Government may lease from the Australian Government communication services within Australia and to overseas destinations and may establish and operate radio circuits as required for the passing of defense communications. The radio frequencies, powers, bandwidths and other technical details shall be mutually determined by the cooperating agencies of the two Governments. The United States Government shall take all practicable measures to keep to a minimum all types of electronic interference from its radio transmitters. Such measures shall, pursuant to any current or future international treaty and the regulations thereunder, be particularly applicable in the case of harmful interference to established radio services.

Article 9​

The cost of operation, maintenance, modernization, alteration and repair of the station shall be shared by the two Governments in accordance with technical arrangements made between the cooperating agencies.

Article 10​

Technical arrangements implementing this Agreement shall be made by the cooperating agencies of the two Governments to determine, among other matters, the command and control, financial, security, and other responsibilities of the appropriate authorities of the two Governments for participation in the maintenance, operation of and access to the station, its facilities and services.

Article 11​

The United States shall be compensated by the Australian Government for the residual value, if any, of the buildings and equipment constructed or improved since 1963 at the station at the expense of the United States Government and not removed on termination of this Agreement. The amount and manner of compensation will be set forth by the Governments’ cooperating agencies in a separate technical arrangement.

Article 12​

This Agreement shall enter into force following signature and upon the date on which the Government of Australia notifies the Government of the United States of America that domestic procedures required for its entry into force in Australia have been satisfied. This Agreement shall remain in force for an initial period of twenty-five years and, absent notification of termination, shall continue in effect for periods of five years. Either Government may terminate this Agreement upon one year’s written notice to the other Government.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, duly authorized by their respective Governments, have signed this Agreement. DONE at Honolulu, in duplicate, this eighteenth day of June 2005.

FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF AUSTRALIA:​	FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA:​

Odinson

 

[Odinson]

Secret​

"Admiral, I personally think this is a wonderful and well-written treaty. Unfortunately, as an office in the United States Navy, I cannot legally negotiate treaties or international agreements during peace times unless specifically granted that power by the President. With that being said, I do not see why the Federal Government would disagree with any part of this proposed treaty. What I will do is pass this along to the Secretary of The Navy, and he can bring it to the attention of the secretaries of Defense and State so that the President can review it. Between you and me, I think that this will be something approved pretty quickly.

"As the Commander of the Pacific Fleet, the idea of stationing a squadron of submarines, and perhaps a frigate squadron of Celestials, is an exciting prospect. I think that this is a fantastic opportunity for us to work together, to help protect the sovereignty of Australia, and to protect the Free World. We're going to be able to do a lot of good for the world with this, Admiral," he said.

Owen

 

[Owen]

"Yes of course I understand, I likewise cannot sign off on it but the Department of Defence has given it to me to present to you. The Minister for Defence or Prime Minister will sign off on the agreement if it's all good with your government and will fax over the signed copy.

As for the stationing of forces, I've been advised that this can be a simple matter of negotiating time and place, but that a Status of Forces Agreement would fill in any legal issues with the stationing of forces in each other's countries. While we don't expect your government to be at the comfort of signing off on the ANZUS Treaty, even with a suspension of obligations between the United States and New Zealand, a SOFA may be a stepping stone towards that."

Odinson

 

[Odinson]

Secret​

"I will have this sent to the Secretary of the Navy immediately. In the meantime, I agree that a Status of Forces agreement would be appropriate. If you have one handy I can have that sent to Washington as well, otherwise I will pass this information along to the Secretary of the Navy as well and I am sure that the State Department will get right on it," he said. "I do agree that a status of forces agreement could be a stepping stone. Historically, these incremental steps along with direct military cooperation, are how the United States has built these kinds of relationships. I think that this is an excellent way to do it."

Owen

 

[Owen]

The Chief of Navy would slide over the agreement given to him by the Department of Defence.

"Again, sorry for the long title. And quite a lengthy amount of contents as well. But it is thorough and should clear up any legal issues that may arise between the stationing of forces in Australia."

Agreement concerning the Status of United States Forces in Australia

AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA CONCERNING THE STATUS OF UNITED STATES FORCES IN AUSTRALIA, AND MINUTES OF INTERPRETATION Short Title: AGREEMENT CONCERNING THE STATUS OF UNITED STATES FORCES IN AUSTRALIA​

The Government of the Commonwealth of Australia (in this Agreement called "the Australian Government") and the Government of the United States of America (in this Agreement called "the United States Government"), CONSIDERING that from time to time by arrangement between the Australian Government and the United States Government elements of the United States Forces and civilian components may be stationed in Australia; CONSIDERING that the purpose of the presence of such United States Forces in Australia is the furtherance of the efforts of the two countries to promote peace and security in the Pacific and other areas of mutual interest; BEARING IN MIND that the decision to station any such personnel in Australia, and the conditions under which they will be so stationed, will, insofar as such conditions are not laid down in the present Agreement, continue to be the subject of separate arrangements between the two Governments; DESIRING, however, to define the status of such personnel while in Australia; HAVE AGREED as follows:

Article 1​

In this Agreement, except where the contrary intention appears: "Australia" includes the territories under the authority of the Commonwealth of Australia; "members of the United States Forces" means personnel belonging to the land, sea or air armed services of the United States in Australia in connection with activities agreed upon by the two Governments, other than those for whom status is provided otherwise than under this Agreement; "members of the civilian component" means civilian personnel in Australia in connection with activities agreed upon by the two Governments who are neither nationals of, nor ordinarily resident in, Australia, but who are: (a) employed by the United States Forces or by military sales exchanges, commissaries, officers' clubs, enlisted men's clubs or other facilities established for the benefit or welfare of United States personnel and officially recognised by the United States authorities as non-appropriated fund activities; or​ ​ (b) serving with an organisation which, with the approval of the Australian Government, is accompanying the United States Forces;​ "dependant" means a person in Australia who is the spouse of, or other relative who depends for support upon, a member of the United States Forces or of the civilian component.

Article 2​

(1) The Australian Government shall facilitate the admission of members of the United States Forces and of the civilian component and dependants into, and their departure from, Australia in connection with activities agreed upon by the two Governments. (2) The undermentioned documents only, which must be presented on demand, shall be required in respect of members of the United States Forces seeking to enter Australia: (a) personal identity card issued by the appropriate United States authority showing full name, date of birth, rank and number (if any), service and photograph;​ ​ (b) individual or collective movement order issued by an appropriate United States authority and certifying to the status of the individual or group as a member or members of the United States Forces; and​ ​ (c) such document conforming to standards approved by the Australian Department of Health as may be issued by the appropriate United States authorities in satisfaction of Australian health and quarantine regulations.​ (3) Members of the civilian component and dependants shall be required to be in possession of a valid national passport and a certificate by the appropriate United States authority that the holder is a member of the civilian component or a dependant. The certificate will serve in lieu of a visa. (4) The following additional conditions will apply with regard to the entry of members of the civilian component and dependants to any of the Territories of Norfolk Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Christmas Island, Ashmore and Cartier Islands, the Coral Sea Islands, Heard Island and McDonald Islands and the Australian Antarctic Territory: (a) such persons travelling by ordinary commercial transport shall comply with the normal entry requirements of the Territory concerned, including, in the case of Norfolk Island, the Tasmanian island of Macquarie Island, the Australian Antarctic Territory and Heard Island and McDonald Islands, prior application for a permit of entry;​ ​ (b) where such persons are travelling by special transport, the United States authorities shall give the Australian authorities twenty-four hours notice of the arrival of such persons; such notice may be given in a collective movement order or nominal roll.​ (5) Members of the United States Forces and of the civilian component and dependants shall be exempt from Australian regulations on registration and control of aliens, but shall not be considered as acquiring any right to permanent residence or domicile in Australia. (6) If a person other than an Australian national admitted into Australia in accordance with this Agreement ceases while still in Australia to be a member of the United States Forces or of the civilian component or a dependant, the United States Government shall, within the framework of and subject to relevant United States laws and regulations, take steps to effect the departure from Australia of that person within thirty days of his so ceasing to be such a member or dependant, unless with the approval of the Australian Government other arrangements are made. Where the former member or dependant has not left Australia at the end of thirty days of his ceasing to be a member or dependant and no other arrangements have been approved by the Australian Government, the United States authorities shall thereupon inform the Australian Government, giving particulars as may be required. Similar notification shall be given to the Australian Government concerning any members of the United States Forces who, after having been admitted into Australia, absent themselves for more than twenty-one days, otherwise than on approved leave. (7) If the Australian Government has requested the removal from Australia of a member of the United States Forces or of the civilian component or a dependant admitted in accordance with this Agreement or has made a deportation order against a former member or dependant who has not formally been granted permanent residence in Australia, the United States authorities shall be responsible for the transportation from Australia of the person concerned, and, where applicable, his dependants without cost to the Australian Government.

Article 3​

(1) The personal effects, furniture and household goods (other than motor vehicles and cigarettes, cigars, tobacco and spirituous liquors) of a member of the United States Forces or of the civilian component or of a dependant, may, at the time of the first arrival of the member to take up service in Australia or in the case of a dependant at the time of the first arrival of the dependant to join a member, be brought into Australia free of import duty, including sales tax, provided that, except as authorized by the appropriate Australian authority, the personal effects, furniture and household goods are not disposed of in Australia, by way of sale or gift or otherwise, within the period of two years immediately after their importation. (2) Regulation military uniforms may be imported by a member of the United States Forces for his personal use free of import duties, including sales tax. (3) A motor vehicle owned and used outside Australia by a member of the United States Forces or of the civilian component during the period of six months immediately preceding his first departure for Australia shall be eligible for admission into Australia free of import duty, including sales tax, provided that the vehicle remains in the use, ownership and possession of that member or, with the permission of the appropriate Australian authority, of another member during the period of two years immediately after the date of its importation. (4) A motor vehicle which is not covered by paragraph (3) of this Article and which is intended to be exported may be imported temporarily free of import duty, including sales tax, by a member of the United States Forces or of the civilian component for the personal use of the member, provided that the vehicle is exported within three years or within such extended period as may be approved. With the permission of the appropriate Australian authority, a vehicle imported under this paragraph may be transferred to another member provided that it is exported by the latter member within three years from the date of importation or within such extended period as may be approved. (5) Security may be required for compliance with the provisions of this Article.

Article 4​

(1) A member of the United States Forces who has not imported a motor vehicle into Australia under the provisions of paragraph (3) of Article 3 of this Agreement may, once during a tour of duty in Australia, purchase free of sales tax a motor vehicle manufactured or assembled in Australia provided that the vehicle remains in the use, ownership and possession of the member or, with the permission of the appropriate Australian authorities, of another member still eligible to avail himself of this concession during the period of two years immediately following the date of purchase or is exported during that period. (2) Where the military authorities of the United States certify that the domestic circumstances of a member of the United States Forces are such that two vehicles are at the one time reasonably needed by him and his family, the member may acquire in Australia a second vehicle upon purchase conditions set out in paragraph (1) of this Article. (3) Security may be required for compliance with the provisions of this Article.

Article 5​

Goods admitted into or acquired in Australia free of import duties or sales tax for the personal use of a member of the United States Forces or of the civilian component or of a dependant may not be transferred to another person without the approval of the Australian authorities.

Article 6​

(1) Income derived by a member of the United States Forces or of the civilian component from rendering services as a member to the United States Government in Australia, shall be deemed not to have been derived in Australia, provided that it is not exempt, and is brought to tax, under the taxation laws of the United States. Members and their dependants other than persons who, immediately before becoming dependants, were and at all times thereafter have continued to be ordinarily resident in Australia shall not be subject to Australian tax in respect of income derived from sources outside Australia. (2) Personal property which is situated in Australia solely because a member of the United States Forces or of the civilian component or a dependant is in Australia shall, in respect of the holding by, transfer by reason of the death of, or transfer to or by, such member or dependant, be exempt from taxation under the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia relating to estate and gift duty. (3) The last preceding paragraph shall apply only if the property concerned is subject to and is brought to tax under the laws of the United States relating to estate or gift tax and shall not apply in relation to: (a) property held as, or for the purpose of, an investment;​ ​ (b) intangible property registered and copyright subsisting in Australia; or​ ​ (c) property held in connection with the carrying on of any business in Australia.​

Article 7​

Where the legal incidence of any form of taxation in Australia depends upon residence or domicile, periods during which members of the United States Forces or of the civilian component or dependants are in Australia solely by reason of their membership in such Forces or in the civilian component or of their status as dependants shall not be considered as periods of residence therein, or as creating a change of residence or domicile, for the purposes of such taxation.

Article 8​

(1) Subject to the provisions of this Article: (a) the military authorities of the United States shall have the right to exercise within Australia all criminal and disciplinary jurisdiction conferred on them by the law of the United States over all persons subject to the military law of the United States;​ ​ (b) the authorities of Australia shall have jurisdiction over members of the United States Forces and of the civilian component and dependants with respect to offences committed within Australia and punishable by the law of Australia.​ (2) (a) The military authorities of the United States shall have the right to exercise exclusive jurisdiction over persons subject to the military law of the United States with respect to offences, including offences relating to its security, punishable by the law of the United States, but not by the law of Australia.​ ​ (b) The authorities of Australia shall have the right to exercise exclusive jurisdiction over members of the United States Forces and of the civilian component and dependants with respect to offences, including offences relating to the security of Australia, punishable by the law of Australia but not by the law of the United States.​ ​ (c) For the purposes of this paragraph and paragraph (3) of this Article, an offence relating to the security of a State shall include:​ ​ (i) treason against the State;​ ​ (ii) sabotage, espionage or violation of any law relating to official secrets of that State, or secrets relating to the national defence of that State.​ (3) In cases where the right to exercise jurisdiction is concurrent the following rules shall apply: (a) The military authorities of the United States shall have the primary right to exercise jurisdiction over persons subject to the military law of the United States in relation to:​ ​ (i) offences solely against the property or security of the United States, or offences solely against the person or property of a member of the United States Forces, the civilian component or a dependant;​ ​ (ii) offences arising out of any act or omission done in the performance of official duty.​ ​ (b) In the case of any other offence the authorities of Australia shall have the primary right to exercise jurisdiction.​ ​ (c) If the State having the primary right decides not to exercise jurisdiction, it shall notify the authorities of the other State as soon as practicable. The authorities of the State having the primary right shall give sympathetic consideration to a request from the authorities of the other State for a waiver of its right in cases where that other State considers such waiver to be of particular importance.​ (4) The foregoing provisions of this Article shall not confer on the military authorities of the United States any right to exercise jurisdiction over persons who are nationals of or ordinarily resident in Australia unless they are members of the United States Forces. (5) (a) The military authorities of the United States and the authorities of Australia shall assist each other in accordance with arrangements to be agreed to by them in the arrest of members of the United States Forces or of the civilian component or of dependants in Australia and in handing them over to the authority which is to exercise jurisdiction in accordance with the above provisions.​ ​ (b) The authorities of Australia shall notify promptly the military authorities of the United States of the arrest of any member of the United States Forces or of the civilian component or of a dependant.​ ​ (c) The custody of an accused member of the United States Forces or of the civilian component or of a dependant over whom Australia is to exercise jurisdiction shall, if he is in the hands of the United States authorities, remain with the United States to the extent authorized by United States law until he is charged by Australia.​ (6) (a) The military authorities of the United States and the authorities of Australia shall assist each other in the carrying out of all necessary investigations into offences, and in the collection and production of evidence, including the seizure of and, in proper cases, the handing over of objects in connection with an offence. The handing over of such objects may, however, be made subject to their return within any reasonable time specified by the authority delivering them.​ ​ (b) The military authorities of the United States and the authorities of Australia shall notify each other of the disposal of all cases in which there are concurrent rights to exercise jurisdiction.​ (7) (a) A death sentence shall not be carried out in Australia by the military authorities of the United States.​ ​ (b) The authorities of Australia shall give sympathetic consideration to a request from the military authorities of the United States for assistance in carrying out a sentence of imprisonment pronounced by the authorities of the United States under the provisions of this Article within Australia.​ (8) Where an accused has been tried in accordance with the provisions of this Article either by the military authorities of the United States or by the authorities of Australia and has been acquitted, or has been convicted and is serving, or has served, his sentence or has been pardoned or has had sentence suspended, he may not be tried again for the same offence within Australia. However, nothing in this paragraph shall prevent the military authorities of the United States from trying a member of the United States Forces for any violation of rules of discipline arising from an act or omission which constituted an offence for which he was tried by the authorities of Australia. (9) Whenever a member of the United States Forces or of the civilian component or a dependant is prosecuted under the jurisdiction of Australia he shall be entitled: (a) to a prompt and speedy trial;​ ​ (b) to be informed, in advance of trial, of the specific charge or charges to be made against him:​ ​ (c) to be confronted with the witnesses against him;​ ​ (d) to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favour, if they are within the jurisdiction of Australia;​ ​ (e) to have legal representation of his own choice for his defence or to have free or assisted legal representation under the conditions prevailing for the time being in the part of Australia in which he is being prosecuted;​ ​ (f) if he considers it necessary, to have the services of a competent interpreter; and​ ​ (g) to communicate with a representative of the United States Government and, when the rules of the court permit, to have such a representative at his trial.​

Article 9​

Equipment, materials, supplies and other property imported into or acquired in Australia by or on behalf of the United States Government for the official use of the United States Forces and not for resale shall be free of all Australian duties and taxes. Except as may be otherwise agreed, title to such equipment, materials, supplies and other property shall remain in the Government of the United States, which may remove them from Australia at any time, free from export duties and related charges and restrictions.

Article 10​

(1) The Australian Government shall permit the establishment of United States commissaries in Australia in accordance with arrangements between the appropriate authorities of the two Governments. (2) Goods for use in or sale by a commissary shall be free of import duty, excise duty and sales tax. Commissaries shall be exempt from Australian licensing requirements, fees and taxes. (3) The United States authorities shall cooperate closely with Australian authorities to ensure the observance of the arrangements applicable to a commissary and to prevent resale on the local market of duty or tax free goods sold by a commissary and any other abuses of privileges exercisable through a commissary. In particular, the United States authorities shall strictly police personal quotas in respect of the purchase of duty or tax free goods. (4) In this Article "commissary" means a commissary, military sales exchange, officers' club, enlisted men's club or like facility.

Article 11​

(1) United States Forces may, at the installations put at their disposal, establish and operate United States Military Post Offices for the handling of official correspondence and documents and mail of authorized individuals between these and other United States Post Offices. Detailed arrangements for the interchange of mails with or through the postal services of Australia shall be mutually agreed upon. (2) The Australian authorities shall not inspect official mail in United States military postal channels. The United States authorities shall take all practicable steps to prevent items from entering Australia through United States official mails in contravention of Australian health or quarantine regulations. (3) Any inspection of non-official mail in such channels which may be required by the regulations of the Australian Government shall be conducted by the Australian authorities in accordance with procedures to be agreed upon by the appropriate authorities of the two Governments.

Article 12​

(1) Each Government waives all its claims against the other Government for damage to any property owned by it and used by its land, sea or air armed forces where such property is in Australia or is being used outside Australia in connection with mutual defence activities, such as mutual participation in operations or exercises, provided that such damage: (a) was caused by a member or an employee of the armed forces of the other Government in the performance of his official duties; or​ ​ (b) arose from the use of any vehicle, vessel or aircraft owned by the other Government and used by its armed forces provided either that the vehicle, vessel or aircraft causing the damage was being used for official purposes, or that the damage was caused to property being so used.​ Claims for maritime salvage by one Government against the other shall be waived, provided that the vessel or cargo salved was owned by a Government and being used by its armed forces for official purposes. (2) (a) In the case of damage caused or arising as stated in paragraph (1) of this Article to other property owned by either Government and located in Australia, the issue of the liability of the other Government shall be determined and the amount of damage shall be assessed, unless the two Governments agree otherwise, by a sole arbitrator selected in accordance with subparagraph (b) of this paragraph. The arbitrator shall also decide any counter-claims arising out of the same incident.​ ​ (b) The arbitrator referred to in subparagraph (a) of this paragraph shall be selected by agreement between the two Governments from amongst the nationals of Australia who hold or have held high judicial office.​ ​ (c) Any decision taken by the arbitrator shall be binding and conclusive.​ ​ (d) The amount of any compensation awarded by the arbitrator shall be distributed as follows:​ ​ (i) where the armed forces of one Government alone are responsible for the damage, the amount awarded shall be distributed in the proportion of 75 percent chargeable to that Government and 25 percent chargeable to the other Government;​ ​ (ii) where the two Governments are responsible for the damage, the amount awarded shall be distributed equally between them;​ ​ (iii) where the damage was caused by the armed forces of the United States or Australia and it is not possible to attribute responsibility for the damage specifically to one or both of those armed forces, the amount awarded shall be distributed equally between the United States and Australia.​ ​ (e) The remuneration of the arbitrator shall be fixed by agreement between the two Governments and shall together with the necessary expenses incidental to the performance of his duties be defrayed in equal proportions by them.​ ​ (f) Nevertheless, each Government waives its claim in any such case up to the amount of 9,000 United States dollars or 13,000 Australian dollars. In the case of considerable variation in the rate of exchange between these currencies the two Governments shall agree on the appropriate adjustments of these amounts.​ (3) For the purposes of paragraphs (1) and (2) of this Article the expression "owned by a Government" in the case of a vessel includes a vessel on bare boat charter to that Government or requisitioned by it on bare boat terms or seized by it in prize (except to the extent that the risk of loss or liability is borne by some person other than such Government). (4) Each Government waives all its claims against the other Government for injury or death suffered by any member of its armed forces while such member was engaged in the performance of his official duties. (5) In accordance with the requirements of Australian law, the United States Government shall insure official vehicles of the United States Forces against third party risks. (6) United States contractors and sub-contractors shall be required to effect public risk insurance. (7) Except in the case of claims arising out of the use of official vehicles of the United States Forces insured in accordance with the requirements of Australian law, claims (other than contractual claims and those to which paragraph (9) of this Article apply) arising out of acts or omissions of members or employees of the United States Forces done in the performance of official duty, or out of any other act, omission or occurrence for which the United States Forces are legally responsible, and causing damage in Australia, other than damage suffered by one of the two Governments, shall, unless the interested parties otherwise agree, be dealt with by the Australian Government in accordance with the following provisions: (a) Claims shall be filed, considered and settled or adjudicated in accordance with the laws and regulations of Australia with respect to claims arising from the activities of Australia's own armed forces.​ ​ (b) The Australian Government may settle any such claims, and payment of the amount agreed upon or determined by adjudication shall be made by the Australian Government.​ ​ (c) Such payment, whether made pursuant to a settlement or to adjudication of the case by a competent Australian tribunal or the final adjudication by such a tribunal denying payment, shall be a binding and conclusive discharge of the claim.​ ​ (d) Every claim paid by the Australian Government shall be communicated to the appropriate United States authorities together with full particulars and a proposed distribution in conformity with subparagraph (e) of this paragraph. In default of a reply within two months the proposed distribution shall be regarded as accepted.​ ​ (e) The cost incurred in satisfying claims pursuant to the preceding subparagraphs of this paragraph shall be distributed between the Governments as follows:​ ​ (i) where the United States alone is responsible for the damage, the amount awarded or adjudged shall be distributed in the proportion of 25 percent chargeable to Australia and 75 percent chargeable to the United States;​ ​ (ii) where the two Governments are responsible for the damage, the amount awarded or adjudged shall be distributed equally between them;​ ​ (iii) where the damage was caused by the armed forces of the United States or Australia and it is not possible to attribute responsibility for the damage specifically to one or both of those armed forces, the amount awarded or adjudged shall be distributed equally between the United States and Australia.​ ​ (f) The provisions of this paragraph shall not apply to any claim arising out of or in connection with the navigation or operation of a ship or the loading, carriage or discharge of a cargo other than claims for death or personal injury to which paragraph (4) of this Article does not apply.​ (8) Every three months a statement of the sums paid by each Government in the course of the quarterly period in respect of every claim dealt with under paragraph (2) or (7) of this Article regarding which the proposed distribution on a percentage basis has been accepted shall be sent to the appropriate authorities of the other Government together with a request tor prompt reimbursement. (9) Except in the case of claims arising out of the use of official vehicles of the United States Forces insured in accordance with the requirements of Australian law, claims against members of the United States Forces and of the civilian component and dependants arising out of tortious acts or omissions in Australia not done in the performance of official duty shall be dealt with in the following manner: (a) The Australian Government shall consider the claim and assess compensation to the claimant in a fair and just manner, taking into account all the circumstances of the case, including the conduct of the injured person, and shall prepare a report on the matter.​ ​ (b) The report shall be delivered to the United States Government which shall then decide without delay whether it will offer an ex gratia payment and if so, of what amount.​ ​ (c) If an offer of ex gratia payment is made and accepted by the claimant in full satisfaction of his claim, the United States Government shall make the payment itself and inform the authorities of Australia of its decision and of the sum paid.​ ​ (d) Nothing in this paragraph shall affect the jurisdiction of the courts of Australia to entertain an action against a member of the United States Forces or of the civilian component or a dependant unless and until there has been payment in full satisfaction of the claim.​ (10) If a dispute arises as to whether a tortious act or omission was done in the performance of official duty, the question shall be submitted to an arbitrator appointed in accordance with subparagraph (b) of paragraph (2) of this Article, whose decision on this point shall be final and conclusive. (11) (a) The United States shall not claim immunity from the jurisdiction of the courts of Australia for members of the United States Forces or of the civilian component or dependants in respect of the civil jurisdiction of the courts of Australia.​ ​ (b) In case any private movable property, excluding that in use by the United States Forces, which is subject to compulsory execution under Australian law, is within areas in use by the United States Forces, the United States authorities shall, upon request, assist the appropriate Australian authorities to take possession of such property.​ ​ (c) The authorities of the United States and Australia shall cooperate in the procurement of evidence for a fair hearing and disposal of claims under this Article.​ (12) Paragraphs (2) and (7) of this Article shall apply only to claims arising incident to non-combatant activities.

Article 13​

Consistently with agreements for the time being in force between Australia and the United States of America, the United States Government shall conform to the provisions of relevant Commonwealth and State laws and regulations, including quarantine laws and industrial awards and determinations, and United States personnel shall observe those laws and regulations.

Article 14​

(1) Australian authorities shall accept as valid, without a driving test or fee, a driving permit or licence issued by the appropriate United States authority to members of the United States Forces or of the civilian component for the purpose of driving military vehicles. For the purpose of driving vehicles other than military vehicles, a driving permit or licence issued by the appropriate Australian authorities shall be obtained. (2) Official vehicles of the United States Forces shall carry a distinctive number. (3) Privately owned vehicles of members of the United States Forces and of members of the civilian component and of dependants shall carry Australian number plates to be acquired under and subject to the applicable Australian laws and regulations.

Article 15​

Local civil labour requirements of the United States Forces shall be satisfied in the same way as the comparable requirements of the Australian armed forces and, upon request, with the assistance of the Australian authorities.

Article 16​

Members of the United States Forces and of the civilian component and dependants shall remain subject to the foreign exchange regulations of the United States and shall also be subject to the foreign exchange regulations of Australia.

Article 17​

Whenever the United States flag is flown at an establishment of the United States Forces in Australia, the Australian national flag shall be flown on a separate and adjacent flagstaff.

Article 18​

Subject to any arrangement to the contrary between the authorities of the United States and Australia, the conditions governing the wearing of civilian dress by members of the United States Forces shall be the same as those applicable to members of the appropriate forces of Australia.

Article 19​

Members of the United States Forces may possess and carry arms on condition that they are authorized to do so by their orders, provided that arrangements regarding the carrying of arms outside areas and facilities in use by United States Forces are to be agreed between the appropriate authorities of the two Governments.

Article 20​

(1) Regularly constituted military units or formations of the United States Forces shall have the right to police any camps, establishments or other premises or areas of which the United States Forces have exclusive occupation as the result of arrangement with the Australian Government. United States military police may take all appropriate measures to ensure the maintenance of order and security in such premises or areas. (2) Outside such premises and areas, United States military police will be employed only subject to arrangements with the appropriate Australian authorities and in liaison with such appropriate Australian authorities and in so far as such employment: (a) is appropriate to provide for the protection of United States installations in premises or areas of which the United States Forces have the use, but not exclusive occupation; or​ ​ (b) is necessary to maintain discipline and order among the members of the United States Forces and to ensure their security.​ (3) The United States Government may, after appropriate consultation in any case between the relevant authorities of the two Governments, designate areas comprising buildings or portions of buildings or installations in premises or areas of which the United States Forces have use or occupation to be areas into which only personnel authorized by the local United States Commander may enter. The United States Forces will be responsible for the internal security of areas so designated.

Article 21​

In cases in which the Australian Government or the Government of a State or the Administration of an Australian Territory is required to pay claims for which it is liable under Australian law arising out of the operations or activities of the United States Government or United States personnel who are in Australia for the purposes of this Agreement, the appropriate authorities of the United States Government shall seek necessary legislative authority to reimburse the Government or Administration concerned.

Article 22​

The United States Government shall cooperate with the Australian Government in preventing any abuses of the privileges granted in this Agreement in favour of members of the United States Forces and the civilian component and dependants and shall take appropriate measures to this end.

Article 23​

(1) The United States Forces and all persons associated with activities agreed upon by the two Governments may use the public services and facilities owned, controlled or regulated by the Australian Government or its instrumentalities. The terms of use, including charges, shall be no less favorable than those available to other users in like circumstances unless otherwise agreed. (2) No landing charges shall, however, be payable by the United States Government by reason of the use by aircraft of the United States armed forces of any airport in Australia. The United States Government shall make such contribution to the maintenance and operating costs of any airport as may be fair and reasonable, having regard to the use made of the airport by aircraft operating in connection with activities of the United States Government. The amount of such contribution shall be the subject of agreement between the United States Government and the Australian Government. Aircraft owned or operated by or on behalf of the United States armed forces shall observe local Air Traffic Control Regulations while in Australia. (3) No toll charges, including light and harbour dues, shall be levied upon vessels of the United States armed forces using port facilities owned, controlled or regulated by the Australian Government, nor shall such vessels be subject to compulsory pilotage at these ports.

Article 24​

(1) This Agreement shall enter into force on the date of signature. (2) Subject to the provisions of paragraph (3) of this Article, the Agreement shall remain in force for at least twenty-five years and thereafter until the expiration of 180 days from the date on which one Government gives to the other Government notice in writing that it desires to terminate the Agreement. (3) In the event that the two Governments conclude an agreement concerning the status of both United States Forces in Australia and of Australian Forces in the United States, this Agreement shall terminate on the date when the first-mentioned agreement enters into force.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, duly authorized by their respective Governments, have signed this Agreement. DONE at Honolulu, in duplicate, this twentieth day of July, Two thousand and five.

FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA:​	FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA:​
[Signed:]	[Signed:]

AGREED MINUTES OF INTERPRETATION​

Article 1 Australia gives approval for the American Red Cross and the University of Maryland to accompany United States forces in Australia. Article 2 Applications by civilians to enter Australian external territories will be promptly dealt with. Where an application is made by a person who is a member of the civilian component or who is a contractor or sub-contractor with the United States armed forces or one of their employees the certificate of the appropriate United States authority that the applicant meets the requirements of the Territory with regard to character will be accepted as prima facie compliance with such requirements. Because of the limited facilities in certain areas of the Territories and because of the attendant problems which an influx of dependants might cause, the entry of dependants will be the subject of agreement between appropriate authorities of the two Governments. Articles 3, 4 and 5 In more than one place there are prohibitions against the disposal of property imported into or acquired in Australia free of customs duties or sales tax except with the approval of the appropriate Australian authorities. When the agreement has been signed, discussions will be initiated regarding the implementation of these clauses. In practice it may turn out in many cases that Australia will be able to give blanket approvals or simply require notification of transfer. It is confirmed that a blanket approval is given in respect of transfers of personal effects, household goods and furniture imported under Article 3(1) of the Agreement where the transfers are from one member of the United States Forces or the civilian component or a dependant to another. Responsibility for approving transfers of vehicles imported into or acquired in Australia under these Articles from one member of the United States forces or of the civilian component to another is hereby delegated to the United States authorities, particulars of such approvals to be furnished regularly to Australian authorities. Members of the United States Forces, the civilian component and dependants will be entitled to bring into Australia the quantities of cigarettes, cigars, tobacco and spirituous liquors which a visitor is normally permitted to bring in under Australian customs laws and regulations. The expression "at the time of first arrival" used in Article 3(1) will be liberally interpreted, recognizing the uncertainties and delays to which shipments contemplated by this Article may be subjected. The Australian authorities will not refuse the rights granted by this Article merely upon the basis of the late arrival of such personal effects, household goods and furniture. The word "use" in the provisos in Articles 3(3) and 4(1) is not intended to be limited to personal use by the owner but will be flexibly interpreted so as to include the normal conditions of ownership. The intent of Article 3(4) is to permit the importation of a vehicle for export. Administrative procedures will be devised to prevent the requirement of export from creating hardship. Where a member of the United States Forces has acquired a vehicle under Article 4(1) and is transferred away from Australia before the two-year period referred to in that paragraph has elapsed, sympathetic consideration will be given to reducing the two-year period. A person who has imported a vehicle under Article 3(3) or 3(4) may acquire a second vehicle under the provisions of Article 4(2) if his domestic circumstances require it. The military authorities of the United States will enter into discussions with the appropriate Australian authorities with the object of working out procedures which will make it unnecessary to request the securities referred to in Articles 3(5) and 4(3). Article 6 In those cases where as a result of having completed a continuous period of absence overseas a person qualifies for exemption under United States law from United States taxation, Australia would tax the income for the period during which the income was exempt. The Australian Government will exert its best efforts, including the enactment of legislation if necessary, to the end that the States and Territories of Australia accord to members of the United States Forces, the civilian component and dependants the same immunities from estate, gift and similar taxes and duties as are afforded them by this Article from the Federal Government. This Article shall also apply to any other taxes or duties of a substantially similar character to those referred to in this Article which may hereafter be imposed by Australian authorities. Property or income shall be deemed to have been brought to tax notwithstanding the fact that by reason of deductions, amount of property or income or other similar circumstances, a person pays no United States tax on that property or income. Article 11 The following details will apply to Military Post Offices: Reasonable quantities of utilitarian goods of a personal nature proper to the current needs of a member of the United States Forces or of the civilian component or a dependant and bona fide gifts of a non-recurring nature may be brought in from the United States through military post offices free of customs duties and sales tax up to a limit of $300, above which goods will be dutiable. This concession does not extend to tobacco products, spirituous liquors and fur apparel. In order that this arrangement may be adequately policed, the United States authorities will inspect parcels over $120 and will also permit Australian customs officials to be located at military post offices for inspection of non-official mail and assessment of duties. From time to time, it may become necessary for the Australian authorities to notify the United States military authorities of sensitive items, the import of which will be more closely policed and perhaps liable to duty and sales tax when of a value less than $300. Article 12 The public risk insurance which should be carried by a United States contractor or sub-contractor in accordance with paragraph (6) of Article 12 should be unlimited as to amount. Australia will not normally agree that an organisation may accompany the United States Forces unless that organisation carries adequate public risk insurance in Australia or by some other means such as an indemnity arrangement is adequately covered against suit for damages. The expression "employees of the United States Forces" includes for the purposes of paragraph (7) of Article 12 persons employed by a non-appropriated fund activity of the United States Government. For reasons deriving from the relationship between the Commonwealth and the States, it was not possible for Australia to accept in Article 12(11)(a) a complete immunity for employees of the United States Forces. In any case where judgment is entered against a member of the United States Forces or an employee in a matter arising out of the performance of his official duties, otherwise than in the case of a claim arising out of the use of an official vehicle of the United States Forces insured in accordance with the requirements of Australian law, the Australian Government will meet the judgment so promptly that in practice the possibility of proceedings for enforcement will not arise. Article 13 The undertakings of the United States Government including the undertaking to conform to industrial awards do not imply any waiver by the United States Government of its immunities under international law. Industrial awards and determinations in Australia shall not be construed to have any application to military personnel or members of the Civil Service of the United States. Article 14 In Commonwealth territories Australia will issue driving permits or licences to persons holding valid driving licences issued by appropriate United States authorities without a driving test though some test of knowledge of local traffic rules may be required. The Commonwealth Government will use its best efforts to seek the agreement of the States to a comparable arrangement. The United States Government does not issue permits to drive military vehicles except to persons who undergo a test of competence and physical tests to determine their fitness to drive vehicles. Article 16 Should a request be made by the United States for agreement for the use of military payment scrip, Australia would sympathetically consider the request. Article 23 State and local port authorities in Australia generally exempt vessels of the United States Navy from light and harbour dues, and normally such vessels are not subject to compulsory pilotage. The Australian Government will use its best endeavours to ensure that these arrangements will be continued, and extended. Vessels and aircraft of the United States armed forces are deemed to include Military Air Transport Service aircraft and Military Sea Transport Service vessels.

Odinson