Australia-United Kingdom Ministerial Consultations 2005

[Jamie]

UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
Security Classification: TOP SECRET

Following an email exchange with Kevin Rudd, it was agreed that Edinburgh would host the 2005 Australia-United Kingdom Ministerial Consultations in the first half of January. In preparation, rooms within The Palace of Holyroodhouse had undergone a full clean and security sweep as the palace was the planned venue for AUKMIN. Members of the Diplomatic Protection Group had already begun to arrive in the city and conduct briefings on the role and responsibilities of the detail, the checks that need to be conducted on the day and the intentions if any security threat emerges. The estate would be tightly monitored by security services and in the build up to the event, British and Australian flags had been raised on the grounds.

Ahead of the visit, the relevant persons representing each government were sent private correspondence to advise of the location, accommodations available in the area and a schedule for the two-day diplomatic mission.

Day 1
08:00 - 09:00 | Ministers and delegations arrive, receive event materials, and have an opportunity to meet informally.
09:00 - 09:30 | Opening statements highlighting the importance of the bilateral relationship and the agenda for the consultations.
09:30 - 11:00 | Session 1: Strategic Defence and Security Cooperation
11:00 - 11:15 | Morning Break
11:15 - 12:45 | Session 2: Regional Stability and International Affairs
12:45 - 14:00 | Lunch Break
14:00 - 15:30 | Session 3: Counter-Terrorism and Law Enforcement Cooperation
15:30 - 15:45 | Afternoon Break
15:45 - 17:15 | Season 4: Bilateral Migration and Visa Policies
17:30 - 19:00 | Official Reception

Day 2
08:00 - 09:00 | Ministers and delegations arrive, receive event materials, and have an opportunity to meet informally.
09:00 - 11:00 | Session 5: Economic and Trade Relations
11:00 - 11:15 | Morning Break
11:15 - 12:45 | Session 6: Health and Humanitarian Assistance
12:45 - 14:00 | Lunch Break
14:00 - 15:30 | Session 7: Another other business
15:30 - 15:45 | Afternoon Break
15:45 - 17:00 | Closing Statements

It was noted that the schedule was subject to change and the sessions or ordering of, could be altered at request of the Australian Government. Existing topics are in place as a suggestion. Owen

 

[Owen]

The Royal Australian Air Force No. 34 Squadron would prepare a Boeing 737BBJ (a -700ER variant) for its journey from Canberra to Edinburgh. It would equip itself with the nine auxiliary fuel tanks available with the -700ER variant, increasing its range to 10,695km while significantly decreasing its payload, though this wasn't an issue as there was only a few people and their luggage going to be onboard.

The Minister for Foreign Affairs, the Minister for Defence and Minister for Trade would prepare for their trip to Edinburgh, preparing their luggage and who they will bring, which advisors and personal assistants. They would bring 3 each. Along with that, 5 members of the Australian Federal Police Protective Detail would accompany them armed with a singular concealed sidearm. They would be working with the UK Diplomatic Protection Group and Police Scotland to ensure security for the delegations.

The Australian Consulate-General in Edinburgh would also be in contact with the organisers to prepare for the logistical aspect of the visit. The Consulate-General would lease vehicles to transport the Ministers and would prepare to greet them at the airport.

Once everything was ready, the delegation would travel to RAAF Base Fairbairn in Canberra early in the morning to begin their 20 hours of travelling. They would board with their luggage and the aircraft would take off which would head towards Dubai where it would refuel before continue to travel onwards to Edinburgh. Due to the situation in Iraq, the aircraft would fly over Iran and Turkey instead. This would also help it stay away from Egyptian airspace and the United Kingdom would be asked to have the Royal Air Force in Cyprus on standby incase the Egyptians took this move as a "violation" of its "interdiction zone". The Netherlands and Germany would be alerted that they may see a RAAF aircraft flying in their airspace with the callsign ENVOY06 (Dutchy Danny). The Ministers would review the schedule for the visit while they were in the air and prepare materials for their visit.

​

Jamie

 

[Jamie]

AUKMIN drew closer and security preparations had been completed, the estate secure and decorated to accommodate their Australian guests, the first visit of its kind in some time. In response to security concerns of the flight over the Egyptian Interdiction Zone, a memo was sent to the Australian Government to advise of sufficient resource in Cyprus in the event of any issues. Specifics were kept out of the message due to operational security but in reality, the Royal Air Force had its newest fighter jets, the Eurofighter Typhoon, operating there on quick reaction alert. Air Traffic Controllers gave careful watch to ENVOY06 entered British Air Space and provided safe instructions to get to their destination, Edinburgh Airport which was ready to receive the aircraft. Upon its landing, the taxi route for the Boeing 737BBJ would direct it to a private ramp where individual SUVs were planted for the ministers, assistants and security. Once ready, they would be taken to settle into their accommodation to try to sleep for the rest of the night before the beginning of the event at 9am the next day. Each SUV flanked by Scottish Police Vehicles and that of the Diplomatic Protection Group.

The same SUVs and police vehicles were utilised for the ministerial consultations too, they'd be outside the accommodation with time to spare for the commute to the Palace of Holyroodhouse to take the Australian representatives across. Each vehicle would undergo a vehicle check at multiple points, before picking up any guests and again on its entrance to Palace grounds to rule out any tampering or suspicious objects. The approach into the Palace showed a substantial security presence of armed DPG officers, displaying their mixture of fire arms and the vehicles came to a complete stop outside the door. Ready to greet the guests stood a courtier who'd be the first to introduce himself and escort the Australian Delegation into the registration room. Amongst the various support staff stood Emma Ryan, the UK Foreign Secretary. Beside her, Jason Green the Defence Secretary, and Charlotte Baker the Business Secretary. Once in vicinity, they'd all be sure to offer handshakes to their Australian counterparts and have their introductions out of the way before the opening statements at 9:30. Owen

 

[Owen]

Once the aircraft was in position on the tarmac at Edinburgh Airport, the captain of the aircraft would exit the cockpit, put on his suit jacket and hat as a part of his full dress RAAF uniform and would walk down the stairwell. He would stand at the bottom of the stairs and give a salute to the Ministers as they exited the aircraft. A RAAF flight attendant would stand at the top of the stairs, farewelling the Ministers as they exited the aircraft. The flight attendants and pilots would remain in the aircraft, cleaning it and preparing it for the inevitable journey back home. The pilots would focus on general maintenance.

The High Commissioner, Bob Carr, would greet the men at the bottom of the stairs. As the former Labor Premier of New South Wales, he was good friends with all these gentleman, coming from the same party and in John's case; the same state branch.

Kevin would turn to John.

"Tis a wee bit cold up 'er in the Scottish winter!"

Simon would reply.

"Where are the bagpipes welcoming us?"

"Hey guys..... What is worn under the kilt?" Kevin would ask in a shit Scottish accent. He would pause.

"Nothing! It's all in perfect working order!"

They would hop into the SUVs, John and Simon deciding not to say anything after that terrible joke.

"CRICKEY ITS COLD OUT THERE! Whose fucking bright idea was it to have this in Scotland in January?" Kevin would exclaim, notoriously known for swearing.

Once at their accomodation they would sleep for the night. The next morning they would follow their British hosts to the vehicles and would take the route to the Palace of Holyroodhouse. Once inside they would greet Emma Ryan and Jason Green. Joining them would be their assistants, advisors, the High Commissioner, Commodore Guy Holthouse the Defence Attache & Head of Australian Defence Staff in London and Air Vice-Marshal Gavin Turnbull the Australian Military Representative to the Transatlantic Security Arrangement.

Kevin would go first to Emma Ryan.

"Ahh Secretary Ryan, finally a pleasure to meet you." He would shake her hand.

"This is John Faulkner, Minister for Defence and Simon Crean, Minister for Trade." He would gesture to them and they would all introduce each other to one another. Not having any idea where they were about to go next he would gesture and say...

"After you, please..."

Jamie

 

[Jamie]

Emma smiled "It's a pleasure to meet you all", taking the time to speak to each individual minister during the registration phase of the event. Although the most informal part of the day, it served as a useful opportunity to meet their peers and start what could be productive friendships as far as diplomatic relations go. After a short time conversing, she'd been advised that the room is now available in which she led the way "If you'd like to follow me please." she indicated to the doors behind her as she and the UK delegation headed inside to a conference room, each seat possessing a name with each country occupying opposing sides of the table. Small British and Australia flags hoisted across the centre-line, each seat having access to stationary and courtiers at the ready with refreshments on demand or for any additional requests during the first day. General chitchat took place between the UK Ministers as they made for their positions and got comfortable but after a few moments, they'd fall silent. Only when the room was filled with complete silence would Emma begin with the UKs opening statement.

"Ladies and Gentlemen" Emma paused, looking around at everyone to make it more personal "I'm honoured to welcome you all to the 2005 AUKMIN summit and although this is the first one in some time, this gathering demonstrates that despite the duration between consultations, we can come together again and carry on with the same commitment towards mutual cooperation as ever before. We have all seen our fair amount of challenges in the last few years, some more complex then others, but this is where we can prepare, collectively, for the future. The relationship between the United Kingdom and Australia has always been a reflection of the values we share - democracy, the rule of law and respect for human rights - rather than just one of strategic interest. To put it a bit more bluntly, we've always had each others backs when it counts.

Todays agenda will no doubt keep us busy as we delve into the world of security and defence, discuss existing regional and international affairs and conclude the date with a session focused on foreign relations. It's not just about the formalities though, the informalities are what brings is closer and makes it more meaningful. Whether that's arguing over how to make a cup of tea for which there is only one way, or having to stop half way through to arrange for a translator to help us understand Australian slang. If we can get passed those, geopolitics ought to be a walk in the park. Jokes aside -- thank you all for being here. I look forward to see what the rest of today brings and develop our partnership."

Emma stopped, giving the Australians chance to deliver their opening statement before beginning session 1: Strategic Defence and Security Cooperation. Owen

 

[Owen]

​

"Well thank you very much Emma and may I first start off by saying that whilst you may regard your relationship with the United States as one which is "special", at least you can say when it comes to your relationship with Australia we are on the same page about how to make tea and not doing something ghastly with a microwave.... Kettles are mandatory in Australian households."

He would allow the room to laugh before moving on.

"Thank you very much for hosting myself, our Minister for Defence, the Honourable Senator John Faulkner and our Minsiter for Trade for the first time, the Honourable Simon Crean MP. I also acknowledge in the audience today we have Australia's High Commissioner to the United Kingdom and the former Premier of New South Wales, the Honourable Bob Carr. Australia's Defence Attache in London, Commodore Guy Holthouse Royal Australian Navy and Australia's Military Representative to the Transatlantic Security Arrangement based in London, Air Vice-Marshal Gavin Turnbull Royal Australian Air Force.

... I must say, it is a lot colder in Scotland than I had anticipated. It surely is a lot different from the warm sunshine that I experience back in my home state of Queensland year round. But of course, like many Australians, my ancestry is in the British Isles. My father's parents were English and my mother's parents were Irish. How's that for a peace agreement?

One of my earliest ancestors, Thomas Rudd, was convicted of stealing a bag of sugar back in England and was sent to the young colony of New South Wales in 1801 on board the Earl Cornwallis. Many Australians have stories like mine. In total over 50% of Australians have ancestry from the British Isles, over 13 million. 1.3 million of those hold British citizenship... the highest number of British citizens in the world outside of the United Kingdom. Likewise, 165,000 Australian citizens call the United Kingdom home, the highest number of Australian citizens in the world outside of Australia. Our people-to-people links are strong. In acknowledging where I am sitting today, there are over 2 million Scottish Australians living today. There are only 4 million people in Scotland. Scottish Australians are as large as 50% of the nation of Scotland, that is astonishing and a great testament to the strength and resilience of the diaspora of the British Isles and the connection that people maintain to the motherland.

But despite all of this, both Australia and the United Kingdom have stronger relationships today with the United States than they do with each other. Australia focuses on the Asia-Pacific and the United Kingdom focuses on Europe. We can do better and we must do better. The opportunities before us are unstoppable. Our nations disagreements are far and few between. We are on the same page on almost every aspect of the geopolitical playing field. Our culture, our values, our language, our people-to-people links and despite all this, our two governments rarely communicate and we have only one formal agreement. We have come here today to Edinbugh to change that. It would be foolish of us not to grasp onto the opportunities that the Australia-United Kingdom relationship presents, not just to our two nations but to the entire free world which depends on nations like ours to work together to defend the values of democracy and freedom.

The last formal legislative control that the United Kingdom had over Australia was severed in 1986 by the Australia Act, passed by both of our parliaments and negotiated by two of our nation's most prominent Prime Minister's... Bob Hawke and Margaret Thatcher. It made Australia a completely sovereign and independent nation, even if we retained our shared Monarch in Queen Elizabeth the Second. In matters pertaining to Australia, she acts not as the Queen of the United Kingdom but as Queen of Australia. An equal role for equal partners. Prior to Australia's shift away from Dominion status, our relationship was built on fundamental norms and expectations which came with being apart of the Empire. Since 1986, those expectations of the Empire have disappeared and as two fully sovereign and independent nations it is now our duty to formalise our relationship and come to agreements which benefit us as equal partners. It is my desire, and the reason why we have brought Minister Crean with us, to sign a fully functional and fully liberalised Australia-United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement which would give priority to both of our nations exporters to trade with each other free of tariffs and red tape. When we were a Dominion, free flowing trade was an expectation of being in the Empire. To feed the motherland. But times have changed and we need to rekindle what has been lost by Australia's changing status.

It was also an expectation that if Britain went to war... Australia was at war. That is precisely what happened on the 1st of September 1939. This has changed now and our defence cooperation has declined since the British nuclear weapons tests in Australia. We want to see defence cooperation enhanced once more and a formal defence cooperation agreement be reached. There are also many other areas of cooperation we seek to come from these consultations. The Australia Act of 1986 also made several other things clear: Australians were no longer considered British subjects, British citizens were no longer able to vote or serve in Parliament in Australia and British citizens no longer had right of abode in Australia. British citizens in Australia and Australian citizens in the United Kingdom were now subject to the same immigration status of any other citizen. We wish to see a liberalisation of immigration between our nations to come from these discussions, as we have done with New Zealand. This may not be a complete freedom of movement, but we expect to come to agreements on preferential treatment and reciprocality in areas such as health care.

As you can see, there are so many areas to discuss and so many areas where we can really strengthen the relationship. We owe it to so many people in both of our nations and around the world to strengthen this relationship and to make it the best we possibly can. I thank Secretary Ryan, Secretary Green and Secretary Baker for giving up your time so we may have your invaluable contributions to our bilateral relationship." He would nod at them before turning off his mic.

Jamie

 

[Jamie]

The British Delegation gave their undivided attention onto the speech delivered, many nods of approval took place at the confirmation of Australian tea-making facilities with laughter between the pause. As the silence fell following the ending of the opening statement, Emma flicked through a couple pieces of paper from a folder in front of her to one specifically titled "Strategic Defence and Security Cooperation", she took a sip from the cup in front of her before beginning to speak and allowing the parties to get stuck into the first session - but not before thanking her guest for his contribution to the opening statements that signified the official start of AUKMIN 2005.

"I'd like to express my gratitude for the opening statement, the passion and support you have for the relationship between our countries. This brings us onto the first session, Defence and Security. The geopolitical landscape sees constant change; the rise and fall of governments, terrorism, regional conflicts and assertive state actors to name a few. The only way we can deal with them is by adapting and responding appropriately. I'd like to first acknowledge the success of the British and Australian Armed Forces in all that they do, providing professional and robust assets that contribute to our national security and although limited in joint deployments, they share the capacity of working together when required.

This session will focus on identifying the areas where our defence and security strategies can be aligned to build on these successes, meet the needs for these current and future environments and explore ways to collaborate further. This is a forum for open, constructive discussion to establish actionable points that all involved can benefit from. To start, I'd like to refer you to British Defence Secretary, Jason Green, to give an overview of the current British military capabilities to give an indicator of where we stand." Emma stopped talking, allowing Jason to take the stand. Seconds later, he begun.

"Thank you, Emma. Under this governments policies, the British Armed Forces are been utilised more then ever and in the coming year, that'll continue to increase. The prior government were more reserved but this led to gaps in responses to any situation that unfolded and immediately put us on the back foot. This has changed, in the last year alone we have seen the Royal Navy and Royal Air Force take charge. Joint Strike Groups and Air Wings deployed to America due to the increase of tension with Thailand, the Royal Navy supported the humanitarian effort in New Caledonia for the duration of their deployment. The Royal Air Force provides air policing capabilities in the Mediterranean as a result of the Egyptian Interdiction Zone. We've increased security in the Gibraltar Strait with partners and we continue to build working military relationships with Poland in joint exercises.

This is just to give you the understanding that the United Kingdom is stepping up, and will continue to do so throughout this year. We already have plans for a joint carrier strike group that'll be on active deployment around the world. We're continuing our presence in the Indian Ocean where HMS Lennox is currently based, this will be accompanied by additional vessels later soon enough. There is much work to do but we'd like to explore the relationship further with the Australian military through exercises, joint deployments and collaboration on warfighting. I understand a lot of eyes are on the Pacific, so I have no doubt that your forces are busy and we are here to support that if requested." Owen

 

[Owen]

John Faulkner, the Minister for Defence would begin to speak.

"Well thank you Secretary Green for that very comprehensive overview. You are correct in saying that cooperation between our Armed Forces is limited. I think that geography is the main factor in that, we are almost the antipode of the United Kingdom, I think New Zealand is actually closer to your antipode but also puts the Tasmanian island of Macquarie Island near that point. I think the military relationship between Australia and the United Kingdom can greatly benefit both of us. It will allow the United Kingdom to have a full global reach and it will allow Australia to combat the threats and challenges we face in the region.

As you have rightfully pointed out... a lot of eyes are on the Pacific. And our forces are busy. Australia is not interested in power projection at this time or posturing beyond our region because the threats are right on our doorstep. The New Caledonia situation is a concern and we are cooperating with the Polish Government on that matter very closely. We have found a new partner in them, to be frank. We have signed a mutual defence agreement with New Zealand and we cooperate extremely close with them to enhance our joint operational capabilities. But the thorn in our side continues to be the unprecedented amount of power projection which is going on. Nations which have no business power projecting into the Pacific are power projecting into the Pacific. A sizeable Russian fleet was spotted off the coast of Australia, there is a sizeable Thai fleet in the Coral Sea. It's increasingly becoming the new doctrine, if you aren't power projecting across the globe you are seen as weak and irrelevant. This thinking needs to change. Nations need to be respected when it comes to their backyard and Australia has been increasingly disrespected and I think part of that is a lack of military capabilities. It is sad that the world has come to this, that military might is the only way for another nation to listen to you.

Of course, we have our issues with Thailand, who doesn't? Whilst the United States and the United Kingdom use their global power for good, Thailand have still not shifted. They have been trying in the past few months to change the narrative, go on a diplomatic crusade to change their image, but then realised they would face an Australian Government that... pardon my french, wasn't going to take shit and they have gone back to their old ways. This is disappointing to us. We seek a very productive and prosperous relationship with Thailand, as Australia and Thailand have had in the past, but every step of the way they have made an incorrect move. We are still seeking to be the bigger person in this relationship. They withdrew their Ambassador from Australia... for the record we maintain our Ambassador in Bangkok... because Kevin here wrote a very strongly worded letter to their government to voice his disapproval with their National Intelligence Agency accusing the Australian Government of spreading misinformation on Twitter. They accused Australia of foreign interference, which is absurd. If we were committing foreign interference, it wouldn't be publicly acknowledged in a letter to them, that's for sure. This overly dramatic act that they put on when someone does something they don't like, especially over something like reaching out to them to resolve a matter diplomatically, instead of acting in a diplomatic matter with decorum just puts off our government, and I'm sure other governments, from ever having any further communication with them. Why should we bother if this is the norm? Anyway, sorry for rambling about the geopolitics but I feel like it's necessary to understand the context of what our Defence Forces face. Just make sure you take everything they say with a grain of salt.

You presence in the Indian Ocean is welcomed and you are welcome to dock on our west coast naval bases, either Fleet Base West in Perth or HMAS Advance in Dampier, anytime. Naval Communications Station Harold E. Holt, which covers the whole Indian Ocean, can also be utilised by your fleet to transmit communications back to London. As you may be aware... Australia is massive. We have a lot of land. It's sparsely populated and It's very hard to defend sometimes actually, but the men and women deployed on Operation Resolute have my full faith. It provides a lot of opportunities though. The United Kingdom is, sorry in advance Secretary Green... small. Australia also massively varies in climate from cold snow-capped wildernesses in Tasmania to tropical rainforests in Far North Queensland. This provides our Defence Force with an array of opportunities to train and conduct exercises in various terrains and climates. It can also provide your Armed Forces with the same opportunities. As you may be aware, the British Army used to have a Jungle Warfare Training School in Malaysia and then Brunei. Our Combat Training Centre maintains a Jungle Training Wing in Tully, Far North Queensland. It's actually the place that gets the highest amount of rainfall in Australia. I am offering to you today to re-establish the British Army Jungle Warfare Training School alongside our Combat Training Centre's Jungle Training Wing, on the same premises in Tully, which may include a small detachment of British Army combat forces, alongside your training instructors to be based in Tully. In fact the first season of I'm a celebrity get me out of here was filmed in Tully, so it's perfect if you ask me." He would laugh a bit and finish his remarks.

Jamie

 

[Jamie]

Jason nodded, beginning his response almost immediately after. "It is unfortunate that the issues in New Caledonia are been used as an excuse to deploy forces to the region. I can't begin to understand the concern that such events can have on national security, the amount of hardware in the area in comparison to the number of different foreign policies -- it's a recipe for disaster. All it takes is one match and it all goes up. I do agree that power projection is the new doctrine and whilst we would rather see a softer approach, it demonstrates how the world has evolved over the last ten years and there's definitely a lot more tension in the air. What used to be single frigates on patrol, it's full scale carrier groups. Rather than a small humanitarian effort, it's brigade level army personnel. We're talking very significant numbers. However, I can reassure you that our focus isn't on global power projection, but a commitment to supporting our allies and any movements we do carry out have to be justified to our government. I judge you've been in consultation with Russia regarding their fleet too? Is it normal for them to be operating in the area? I was aware of Thailand and Poland." ... as Jason paused, Emma chirped up.

"Thailand is a... um... challenge. What I do know is that there are currently talks on-going between the UK and Thailand to review relations. They had broken down some years ago before the Bangkok incident which completely diminished it. I don't know what direction those talks will head in but I'd hope it pushes for more talking and the normalization of relations. Unfortunately I can't say much more then that simply because they're on-going so it's not something I'm currently involved in. If this does develop into something a bit more useful, I'll make sure you become aware of it." she concluded, apologising to Jason for interrupting who just nodded and smiled before he continued to speak.

"The flexibility to dock in Australia is appreciated and is of huge value, I think it'd be beneficial to arrange a stop-over of one of our vessels as a demonstration of our commitment to supporting you but we'd leave that to you to decide because of the risks it could cause with the area already saturated with warships. That said, if you did need assistance in protecting your borders, as I hope to have made it clear, we're can help if it was needed. That does bring us onto how else we can support you. In 1998, our former governments signed an agreement that would grant your navy access to Diego Garcia to resupply, it was also part of a trade agreement and having read it recently with Emma, we feel like it needs some work..." Jason stopped as Emma distributed some copies of the TRADE AGREEMENT.

"I'd like to have it reformatted and reaffirmed if it's something you're in support of. Firstly, I'd suggest creating a dedicated trade agreement which isn't my area of expertise, but it'd allow it to be broken down properly. This could then form a second agreement surrounding defence cooperation which would be more concentrated on joint exercises, the ability to make port in Australia and Diego Garcia respectively and include the creation of a Jungle Warfare School in Australia. I'd of course be happy to create the first draft, I can also speak to my colleagues to write a draft of a trade agreement unless this is something you'd be willing to pick up? Details of the trade agreement can be discussed in the session tomorrow." he concluded. Owen

 

[Owen]

"Well... funny thing about the Russians. The communications between Russia and Australia are few and far between, our forces at the time attempted to communicate with the fleet but that was to no avail. We later found out they were invited by New Zealand. That brings me onto the point of New Zealand... Australia and New Zealand have an unshakeable relationship which no government in either of our nations can ever put asunder. But New Zealand, at least since the mid-80s, has pursued a very independent foreign policy. And we're starting to see it increasingly put Australia at risk. We are yet to communicate that directly with them, but part of me wonders if they are already aware of that. Inviting a Russian fleet to the South Pacific, pursuing very warm ties with Thailand despite Thailand's position with key New Zealand allies like Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States. The relationship with New Zealand is one which is very important to us, so we are attempting to not let it get in the way, but it's hard to do that when they want to invite every Tom, Dick and Harry to our very quiet and peaceful region who inevitably cross into Australia's Exclusive Economic Zone. Pacific issues need to be solved by Pacific nations, I'm sure the United Kingdom recognises that, I just wish some of our other partners would. Oh there's a Portuguese fleet as well somewhere. So just to sum up... Russia, Portugal, Poland, Thailand and the United States navies are all in the vicinity of the Australian continent. It's certainly crowded and that amount of firepower is definitely not necessary.

The Royal Navy is welcome at any time in Australia, don't let anyone phase you from doing that. It's a lot of bark, no bite with these lot anyway.... I'm sure you've experienced plenty of those cases. We certainly don't need assistance with protecting our borders though, but thank you for the offer.

I am aware of this Trade Agreement. It certainly is outdated and certainly one of our goals at these consultations to rework it, but I'm sure Minister Crean will delve into that more deeply during his session, but it does have provisions in it for defence arrangements on Diego Garcia which is in my purview. A seperate defence cooperation agreement is certainly one which we are pursuing here today. The provisions for Diego Garcia can be moved there and perhaps we could scrap the fee involved as long as rights in Australia and Australian territories are reciprocated. We have an air base on the Cocos (Keeling) Islands in the Indian Ocean which can further enhance your abilities to operate in the region. We do actually have both a draft for a defence agreement as well as a free trade agreement."

He would slide the proposed defence agreement over to Secretary Green.

Australia-United Kingdom Defence and Security Cooperation Agreement

Treaty between the Government of Australia and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland for Defence and Security Cooperation (Edinburgh, 6 January 2005) Entry into force: TBD​

PREAMBLE​

The Government of Australia and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, hereinafter referred to as "the Parties":​ MINDFUL of the strong, cooperative and enduring defence partnership that has always existed between the Parties; DESIRING to declare publicly and formally their unity in the face of threats to national security, so that it is clear both Parties stand united in respect of shared security challenges and for the preservation of peace and security; RECALLING that their national defence policies are based on common interests, values and responsibilities; REAFFIRMING their faith in the purposes and principles of the Charter of the Global Assembly, and their belief that greater bilateral defence cooperation will strengthen the global, rules-based security order; MINDFUL of the provisions created under the Australia-United Kingdom Trade Agreement of 1998; ACKNOWLEDGING that current and emerging security challenges, including terrorism, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and cyber-warfare have global implications and affect the vital interests of the Parties; SEEKING to build upon the effectiveness and interoperability of their armed forces; RECOGNISING that the management of their respective national defence budgets is critical to sustaining the effectiveness of security institutions, and that both Parties can benefit from sharing experience and insight on defence efficiencies and reforms; BEARING in mind the existing cooperation between the Parties in areas such as science and technology, equipment capability and harmonisation, personnel exchange, logistic support, information exchange, quality assurance and joint military exercises; and DESIRING to establish an overarching strategic framework to strengthen and focus the bilateral defence relationship between the Parties, Have agreed the following:

ARTICLE 1 Scope and purpose​

1. This Agreement, to the extent compatible with each Party’s national laws, regulations, and other applicable international obligations, is intended to promote: ​ a. the mutual prioritisation of cooperation between the Parties in defence-related matters;​ ​ b. the exchange of information and experiences regarding strategic defence and security issues, including those acquired in the field of operations, from use of military equipment and in connection with international peacekeeping operations;​ ​ c. closer engagement on technology, equipment, and support matters;​ ​ d. the achievement of value for money in defence and security areas; and​ ​ e. consultation on threats to international and regional peace and security and to the sovereignty of the Parties.​

ARTICLE 2 Areas of cooperation​

1. The Parties shall facilitate defence relations by undertaking such cooperative activities between them pursuant to this Agreement as they mutually determine in accordance with applicable international law and their respective national laws, regulations and policies. 2. In particular the Parties shall cooperate to build a long-term mutually beneficial partnership in defence and security that will include, where possible: ​ a. sustaining their capacity to deploy and operate as partners in peacekeeping and military operations in which both Parties have agreed to be engaged, whether conducted under the auspices of the Global Assembly, the Transatlantic Security Arrangement, the South Pacific Forum or in other coalition or bilateral frameworks;​ ​ b. the participation in multilateral security mechanisms, including periodic review of such mechanisms to ensure their continued relevance;​ ​ c. the exchange of information relating to defence capabilities and operations, subject to the national security laws and regulations of the Parties and commitments under intelligence sharing agreements;​ ​ d. the exchange of strategic documents and participation in close and candid dialogue on key strategic issues of mutual interest;​ ​ e. continuing and developing cooperative activities and exchanges of information on space and cyber security issues including working together in multilateral fora where the opportunities exist;​ ​ f. continuing to cooperate on the provision of quality assurance;​ ​ g. continuing to cooperate on the exchange of codification data and services;​ ​ h. promoting the exchange of military and civilian personnel between the Parties to improve training and interoperability between the Parties including, but not limited to, defence intelligence agencies;​ ​ i. commitment to an exchange programme to promote interoperability between the participating nations;​ ​ j. the exchange of personnel, material and information relating to defence and procurement reforms;​ ​ k. continuing and reinforcing the work on industrial and materiel cooperation;​ ​ l. cooperation and collaboration in defence science and technology through the exchange of information; joint research; capability development; conduct of joint trials and experiments including the use of facilities; secondments of personnel and the loan or exchange of materials and/or equipment;​ ​ m. promoting the sale or loan of materials, equipment and services between the Parties;​ ​ n. continuing and developing cooperation in mutually beneficial logistics activities; ​ ​ o. commitment to ongoing joint military exercises; ​ ​ p. continuing to commit to Royal Australian Navy visits to the British Indian Ocean Territory pursuant to Article 5;​ ​ q. commitment to the development of the British Army Jungle Warfare Training School in Australia; ​ ​ r. commitment to elevated joint staff consultations; ​ ​ s. commitment to sign a status of forces agreement; and​ ​ t. cooperation in any other emerging defence or security fields that may be of mutual interest to the Parties.​ 3. For the avoidance of doubt, any reference in this Agreement to an existing or future arrangement, between the Parties, or action taken by reference to such an arrangement is not intended to alter its status from that of a non-legally binding instrument.

ARTICLE 3 Related Arrangements​

1. The Parties may decide to enter into written arrangements as deemed appropriate to implement specific aspects of their cooperation under this Agreement. 2. The Parties may terminate existing applicable arrangements by mutual, written consent, where such arrangements have become obsolete or no longer support the aims and objectives of this Agreement. This right is in addition to any right to terminate specified in that or any applicable arrangement.

ARTICLE 4 Management of Cooperation​

1. The Secretary of State for Defence of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Minister for Defence of Australia shall consider the progress of cooperation under this Agreement and provide guidance at the Australia-United Kingdom Ministerial (AUKMIN) consultations which shall be held as decided between the Parties. 2. Activities occurring under the provisions of this Agreement shall be overseen by: For Australia: Deputy Secretary Strategy Russell Offices PO Box 7519 Canberra, ACT 2610 For the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland: Director General Security Policy Ministry of Defence Main Building, Whitehall, London, SW1A 2HB 3. The representatives referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article, or their designated representatives as may be advised between the Parties from time to time, shall make decisions about co-operation under this Agreement by consensus, and shall be responsible for: a. determining the long-term aims, priorities and benefits of the cooperation entered into under this Agreement;​ ​ b. exercising oversight of all cooperation including the security aspects entered into under this Agreement;​ ​ c. identifying new areas for cooperation under this Agreement to be proposed to the AUKMIN consultations referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article;​ ​ d. considering and, if possible, resolving any dispute which may arise under this Agreement, including disputes relating to the implementation of co-operation under the Agreement. If the dispute cannot be resolved, it may be referred for resolution in accordance with Article 11; and​ ​ e. recommending any proposed amendments to this Agreement in accordance with Article 12.​

ARTICLE 5 Access to Facilities, Equipment or Support​

1. In connection with this Agreement or any arrangement made pursuant to this Agreement, the Parties shall inform each other of available facilities, equipment and support functions and where possible provide access to these resources when needed. 2. The Parties may enter into written arrangements to define the terms of access to such facilities, equipment and support functions. 3. In paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article the provision of support functions includes any necessary personnel.

ARTICLE 6 Transfer, Access to the Market and Export Licensing​

Consistent with their respective applicable international obligations and commitments and national laws, regulations and licensing procedures, the Parties agree: a. to facilitate to the greatest extent possible the transfer of defence equipment and services between the Parties, and​ ​ b. not to hinder legitimate access to their markets and to their Government contracts in the field of defence.​

ARTICLE 7 Costs​

The proportion of costs to be borne by each Party as a result of the cooperative activities pursued under this Agreement shall be detailed in arrangements which have been entered into pursuant to Article 3, paragraph 1 of this Agreement.

ARTICLE 8 Protection of Information​

1. No individual shall be entitled to access to classified information received from the other Party solely by virtue of rank, appointment, or security clearance. Access to the information shall be granted only to those individuals whose official duties require such access and who have been granted a personnel security clearance in accordance with the prescribed standards of the Parties. The recipient Parties shall ensure that: a. The recipient Party shall not release the information to a government, person, firm, institution, organization or other entity of a third country without the prior written approval of the releasing Party;​ ​ b. The recipient Party shall afford the information a degree of protection equivalent to that afforded it by the releasing Party;​ ​ c. The recipient Party shall not use or permit the use of the information for any other purpose than that for which it was provided without the prior written approval of the releasing Party;​ ​ d. The recipient Party shall respect private rights, such as patents, copyrights, or trade secrets, which are involved in the information;​ ​ e. Each facility or establishment that handles information shall maintain a registry of the clearance of individuals at the facility or establishment who are authorized to have access to such information;​ ​ f. Accountability and control procedures shall be established to manage the dissemination of and access to the information; and​ ​ g. The recipient Party shall comply with any additional limitations on the use, disclosure, release and access to the information which may be specified by the originating Party.​ 2. International visits between the Parties, during which access is required to classified information, shall be coordinated in accordance with the following provisions: a. Visits by representatives of one Party to facilities and establishments of the other Party, that require access to classified information, or where a security clearance is required to permit access, shall be limited to those necessary for official purposes. Authorisation shall only be granted to representatives who possess a valid security clearance.​ ​ b. Authorisation to visit the facilities and establishments shall be granted only by the Party in whose territory the facility or establishment to be visited is located or by government officials designated by that Party. The visited Party, or its designated officials, shall be responsible for advising the facility or establishment of the proposed visit, and the scope and highest level of classified information that may be furnished to the visitor.​ ​ c. Requests for visits by representatives of the Parties shall be submitted through the High Commission of the United Kingdom in Canberra, in the case of British visitors, and through the High Commission of Australia in London, in the case of Australian visitors.​ 3. Nothing in this Agreement authorises or governs the release, use, exchange or disclosure of information, whether classified or not, in which intellectual property rights exist, until the specific written authorisation of the owner of those rights has been obtained, whether the owner is a Party to this Agreement or a third party. 4. Use of rights in intellectual property provided by either Party for any cooperative activity entered into pursuant to Article 3(1) of this Agreement shall be detailed in the applicable arrangement enabling such cooperative activity.

ARTICLE 9 Claims and Liability​

1. Subject to paragraph 3 of this Article, each Party shall waive all claims against the other Party for any damage to or loss of its property, or for any injury to, or death of any of its personnel caused by the acts or omissions of the other Party’s personnel, servants or agents, not including contractors, in the performance of their official duties in connection with this Agreement or arrangements made pursuant to this Agreement. 2. Subject to paragraph 3 of this Article, the liability for third party claims (other than contractual claims) for any damage to, or loss of property, or for any injury or death or any other loss which arises out of any act or omission of either of the Parties, in connection with this Agreement or arrangements made pursuant to this Agreement, shall be apportioned as follows: a. Where both Parties agree that responsibility for damage, loss, injury or death can be attributed to one Party, the cost of handling and settling the claim shall be the sole responsibility of that Party.​ ​ b. Where it is agreed that both Parties are responsible for the damage, loss, injury or death, the Parties shall enter into consultation to resolve the handling and settling of the claim, with each Party paying an apportioned share based on their degree of responsibility for the damage, loss, injury or death.​ ​ c. Where it is not possible to attribute responsibility for damage, loss, injury or death, or where the Parties cannot reach agreement on the responsibility for such damage, loss, injury or death, the costs of handling and settling the claim shall be apportioned equally between the Parties.​ 3. In relation to paragraphs 1 and 2, if the Parties agree that the damage, injury, loss, or death is caused by reckless acts, reckless omission, wilful misconduct or negligence, the costs arising from such damage, injury, loss, or death shall be borne entirely by the Party of the culpable person. 4. In the event that one Party receives notice of any claims referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article, that Party against whom the claim is made shall inform the other Party as soon as practicable. The Parties shall assist each other in the procurement of evidence related to such claims. 5. Claims arising under a contract made in connection with this Agreement or any arrangements made pursuant to this Agreement shall be resolved in accordance with the terms of the relevant contract. Unless otherwise agreed by the Parties, the costs of claims arising as a consequence of a contract awarded in order to provide logistic support shall be the sole responsibility of the parties to the contract. The Parties acknowledge that the United Kingdom cannot indemnify contractors against third party liability claims. 6. Where any provision of this Article conflicts with any applicable arrangement, the relevant provision in the applicable arrangement will prevail.

ARTICLE 10 Other Defence and Security Agreements​

The provisions of this Agreement shall not affect the rights and obligations or commitments of each Party under other defence and/or security agreements to which it is a party or under arrangements in which it is participating.

ARTICLE 11 Disputes​

Any dispute regarding the interpretation or application of the provisions of this Agreement shall be resolved by consultation and negotiation between the Parties; if a dispute cannot be resolved by consultation and negotiation, the Parties may decide to refer the dispute for settlement to a dispute settlement mechanism as agreed between the Parties.

ARTICLE 12 Amendments​

This Agreement may be amended at any time, in writing, with the agreement of both Parties. Any agreed amendments shall enter into force in accordance with the procedure set out in Article 13(1) of this Agreement.

ARTICLE 13 Entry into Force, Duration, Withdrawal and Termination​

1. This Agreement shall enter into force on the date of receipt of the last notification by which the Parties notify each other in writing that their respective internal procedures for entry into force of this Agreement have been fulfilled. 2. This Agreement may be terminated by either Party giving twelve months written notice to the other Party of its intention to withdraw from the Agreement, or by mutual written consent of the Parties. 3. The termination of this Agreement shall not release either Party from the implementation of its obligations under this Agreement concerning the protection of information including classified information, intellectual property rights, claims and liabilities, and disputes. 4. Arrangements currently in effect or which have been established pursuant to Article 3 or Article 5(2) of this Agreement shall remain fully applicable after termination of this Agreement in accordance with the provisions of the specific arrangement.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, duly authorised by their respective Governments, have signed this Agreement. Done in two originals at Edinburgh, this 6th day of January 2005.

For the Government of Australia:​	For the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland:​
Minister for Defence​	Secretary of State for Defence​

Jamie

 

[Jamie]

"Plenty to be happening in the Pacific then, of course it's something we're watching but we'll be keeping a distance as to avoid been part of any escalation, all it takes is one miscalculation and with that amount of countries present -- it could spark something quite major. I agree that the issues happening ought to be resolved by those in the Pacific with little to no involvement from beyond but we both know that where there's tension, there's a desire to flex. Given the conflicts in Europe and North America in recent years, I didn't expect the next theatre to be headed towards the Pacific. Hopefully the increased presence will begin to die down and return some normality to the region." he concluded, reaching to take a copy of the proposed agreement. He opened up and had a quick scan through "Well ahead of what I had planned, mine's all in my head" he laughed. "Is this a copy I can leave with today? I'd like to sit down and have a good read and if needed, offer some feedback before I can look into getting it put into place. I'd aim to get you a response before the end of January."

In the next room, courtiers had put a table and chairs together with some light snacks and drinks in preparation for the 11am break that was getting closer, this only signified the change over of topics from Defence to stability and affairs. Emma spoke up "I'm aware that session 2 is focused about on-going events but I feel like we've covered much in terms of the Pacific. I'm not sure if you'd like to finish up for a 15 minute break and raise anything else in either Defence or for anything else ongoing as part of the 2nd session?" Owen

 

[Owen]

"Well the situation in New Caledonia is stabilising. We expect a withdrawal of many forces in the coming months except for a residual Polish force on the island. Ultimately we would like to see France maintain security for its own possessions but I guess all we can do is dream, Secretary Green. I'm sure the instability in France, being a neighbour of yours, is also something that keeps you up at night. It's a bit sad what has become of a once mighty nation and invaluable partner of both of our nations since World War 1. In fact now that I think about it, France is a neighbour to both of us." He would chuckle.

"Certainly you may keep this copy. Article 13, Paragraph 1 does allow for the agreement to enter into force at anytime once the parties have finalised their internal proceeses. Luckily for both of us that doesn't require any parliamentary approval, though by convention we do table treaties in the Parliament. Benefits of a constitutional monarchy, am I right?

Not much else to discuss in terms of defence, I think the agreement gives us a good framework to continue working together and I'm sure relevant parties will be contact in coming months to arrange provisions in that agreement. The agreement gives provisions for defence science and technology cooperation as well as equipment procurement.

Firstly, if the United Kingdom is developing any technologies at the moment and would like to use the wide open space of the Woomera Test Range, they are more than welcome to.

Secondly, in terms of equipment, we are exploring options for certain UK-made equipment, not quite at this time but we are forward-planning for it. Notably the Boeing 707 tankers we have in service are ageing... obviously. I don't think there's many commercial operators of the 707 left. The new Airbus A330 MRTT, available exclusive to the UK, is certainly one which is on our radar as it suits the capabilities we are looking for.... passenger transport, flying boom and probe-and-drogue. It's the only aircraft in the world with all three of those capabilities. For example the U.S. KC-10 and KC-135 have the two refuelling options but are not a passenger transport. The A310 MRTT has the probe-and-drogue and passenger transport option but no flying boom. It's also one which can be serviced and maintained by our national carrier Qantas on contracts as they also operate the A330. We are also looking at one being in a VIP configuration so we don't have to fly all the way to the UK on a crammed 737. Now we understand this is not an aircraft you even have in service yet, so we are wondering if there are plans for the Royal Air Force to begin operating it and to retire your Lockheed Tristars and then after that, potentially looking at Australia being the second customer and operator. It would deliver our two air forces a great deal of interoperability as well.

I should also mention that Australia signed with Singapore a few months back a status of forces agreement and an external defence agreement which we included provisions in those agreements for the United Kingdom to use any Australian bases in Singapore for expeditionary purposes, to which Singapore agreed. You're welcome.

We can certainly move onto our break next and then Kevin can take the lead on the next session. There's still plenty to discuss, to which he would be more adept to, than just the evolving situation in New Caledonia."

Jamie

 

[Jamie]

"I agree, it ought to be France's responsibility to now oversee the situation. Unfortunately they seem to have gone quiet again after the situation with Canada but ideally they'll be less attention been on the Pacific when most Polish forces withdraw as that'd ensure governments don't have to focus all their willpower on the unrest in New Caledonia. We shall see, I suppose. France is definitely something we watch with a keen eye, it's been some years since a reliable government were in office. I think pre-1995, actually. We've not felt any real security threat there but the unpredictability of each new government that comes into office doesn't fill me with much confidence." Jason paused as Emma indicated her wish to speak, she took the hint and spoke "We've tried to make contact with France quite recently to kick start relations with the new administration. No response... no interest unfortunately" she stopped, allowing Jason to resume.

"I can't imagine they'll be any issues with your proposal on defence cooperation but hopefully we can offer some constructive thoughts to see it work and get pushed through if any questions about it. I'll get you any information on that as soon as I can, I have some time I'll book in after AUKMIN and work from there. As for equipment... you are correct that the A330 MRTT is part of our future tanker program to replace the TriStars. It'll be a sad day to see the Tri-Star's go but that won't be for some time yet. We don't foresee the MRTT entering service until the end of the decade. There is an element of concern that we'll need to retire the Tri-Star before then so we're considering options to buy surplus options to make-do. The A310 was a consideration so we seem to be on the same thought process as yourselves, our only benefit is we don't require a flying boom. All our aircraft that we'd carry out air to air refuelling on is drogue. One less concern for us. We can could consider Australia as a potential customer for the A330 but it'd be a while yet.

Maybe I'm wrong but I always thought the A310 did have a flying boom too? Not that it's something we've looked into. The issue all comes down to cost, especially if by 2010 we'd be looking at the first A330 been operational. Trying to justify costs for aircraft to last five years is... understandably difficult. We're in a bit of a phase of trying to modernise. Much of our equipment, across the entire armed forces, is becoming outdated as far as technology is concerned. There's a lot of plans but meeting budgets is the challenge, especially when we're increasing investment on oversea deployments."

There was an opportunity to have a 15 minute break in which the Foreign Affairs Minister and Business Secretary took up. Jason was happy to continue talking defence in-between making a tea. Once they'd returned, Kevin could begin session 2. Owen

 

[Owen]

As they began the next session, Kevin would look down at some notes titled "Regional Stability and International Affairs".

"Well we've pretty much covered the New Caledonia situation but there are certainly other stability issues in the region. The fact that there was a problem in New Caledonia to begin with is troubling. There's clearly an appetite for decolonisation, at least in France's possessions, across the Pacific. We don't think this same appetite exists in the United States, United Kingdom or New Zealand's various possessions across the Pacific. Australia's only possession is Norfolk Island and most of them are descedants of the HMS Bounty, so they're quite happy. A lot of nations have tried to push us into taking a stance against decolonisation but I have made it clear on many occassions, it cannot be achieved through violence in the 21st century. France needs to hold referendums where there is an appetite and respect the results of those but we cannot have the status quo changing through unrest. The South Pacific Forum, in our opinion, needs to be strengthened and given a greater role. We began it in 1999 but now, 5 years later, it's time to expand. My Department is working hard to draft up numerous new treaties to establish numerous new organs in the South Pacific Forum which will enhance cooperation across the Pacific and bring a sense of peace and stability. Frankly the South Pacific will become one of the most integrated and cohesive regions on the planet. We are beating Europe in that right now.

Looking further abroad in the Asia-Pacific region, we have a few key players but not many. Thailand being the major player in South East Asia. New potential partners for them in Vietnam. We have a pretty strong and resilient Korea which since the reunification has been going from strength to strength. Korea is definitely one of the most stable nations in Asia. I actually think it's quite a great shame that Australia has not had nearly as enough communication with them. We were pursuing hard for relations with Japan but their government is facing a lot of instability and likewise with China. North Asia, frankly, is in the Korean century at this rate. Nothing much going on in South Asia, again, quite disappointing but it means the Indian Ocean is basically under the de facto control and responsibility of the United Kingdom and Australia, a responsibility we take seriously with a 50-50 surface combatant fleet split between Perth and Sydney, even though Sydney remains the base for submarines and landing vessels.

Looking south. I'm aware that Sweden is a close ally of yours and a signatory to the Transatlantic Security Arrangement. As you may be aware, Australia and Sweden used to have a very tense relationship. It has cooled off drastically in recent years but Australia still maintains claims over the Heard and McDonald Islands and parts of Antarctica south of 60°S and between 44°38′E and 160°E, directly adjacent to the Australian continent. Now obviously we aren't focusing too much on a place with no population and zero resource value, but it is something that bugs me a lot. Sweden has had these possessions for some years now and has done..... absolutely nothing with them. Australia has a fully fledged Antarctic Program which does research on the one Australian subantarctic possession of Macquarie Island, a part of Tasmania. Now we are aware that Sweden did give the United Kingdom some territory in Antarctica to conduct research, which you may or may not have been doing, which is fine, but Sweden's control of this continent with no stated purpose or goal bugs me, it truly does. Just because they were at the right place at the right time essentially and got the Global Assembly to put the rubber stamp on it. I hope we do see some momentum for change towards this matter soon. Sweden's colonial efforts have brought it no net benefit and only tarnished its image with many nations in the world.

As we look further abroad, notably we seek the United States as a close partner and I really do believe that the new President will usher in a new era for the relationship. Not too harsh, not too soft. We want a close relationship with Canada, but again, just like France, another nation which we have great admiration for that has suffered a great deal of instability in recent years. In Europe, we have a working relationship with Poland due to their activites in the region. We also think there's room for a quite positive relationship with Portugal and The Netherlands, particularly being the first two European nations to find Australia... sorry if you thought it was your own Captain Cook. Russia.... taking that one with a grain of salt but we have had some communication, particularly around nuclear energy. The nuclear thing is something we can discuss later though...."

Jamie

 

[Jamie]

This time, Emma took the lead. "I agree, the fact that New Caledonia has become the biggest talking point and on-going conflict is an indication that theatre is changing. Despite its isolation, the attention it has received and the desperation to pour military assets into the region demonstrates how easy it is for something that potentially could have been a minor impact, could become a pile of TNT waiting to blow. It got out of control, and fast. I'd be interested to hear about the new plans you have for the South Pacific Forum, I feel like it needs to have more engagement as is, so the introduction of new organs may help push in that direction. That said, obviously our only territory there is the Pitcairn Islands so our investment in the region is significantly less -- but we'll of course contribute where possible.

Time will tell about the growing countries in Asia but I don't expect Thailand to slow down, we'll continue to push for negotiations with them, if a conflict is likely to happen, I reckon they'll be in the centre of it. Korea is resilient and I agree, they've gone from strength to strength but only until the current government came into office. They seem to have become a bit stale. I think a lot of policies from almost every government is watching what happens in New Caledonia so perhaps a lot will change in the coming months. I'm not sure what to expect but I think the amount of countries pushing military might, we may have a rough time ahead. But, that's speculation of course.

There are upcoming plans for the British Antarctic Survey to return to the region and carry out work but just to confirm, we told Sweden of our expectations to leave the British Antarctic Territory out of the dispute at the time and they agreed. I'm confident our claim has been left untouched and we've had vessels at the Falkland Islands able to respond to any threat to that. We had some delays but Antarctic Surveys are due to start later this year providing all goes well. As for Sweden itself, they've been extremely distant and quiet, so there's not much for me to comment on unfortunately. Other than the UK, US and Sweden are all committed to the defence agreement we share.

We're excited, but apprehensive about the new US Administration. Initial discussions were positive but we're yet to see what changes are to come but we remain optimistic. The Trilateral Agreement with Portugal and Spain is certainly a highlight of my current governments time in office and we're sure this will expand in time to come. It'll be a reassurance for any government that uses the Gibraltar Strait due to a rise in trade and increased security from those involved. This is still in the early stages though but in the coming months and years, we should see huge investment in the region." Owen

 

[Owen]

"Well the drawn down is happening. We're currently monitoring the Thai fleet as it exits the region and heads north of the equator again. We suspect the Russian fleet is withdrawing, we don't quite know where they are, last we heard was docked in New Zealand. We haven't heard about the Portuguese fleet but given your very strong relationship with Portugal I would encourage you to encourage them to withdraw their forces from the region now as the threats towards Portuguese citizens.... the probably very small amount which are in New Caledonia, is reduced. The United States has a fleet which is currently circumnavigating Australia and I suspect you have no problems with that, we don't and we have invited them into our territorial waters. The United States is a Pacific power anyway and has territories in the South Pacific so it is their backyard as much as it is ours. There is only one country we want to see in the region who comes from outside the region and that is Poland. Australia, New Zealand, the United States, France and the United Kingdom are all South Pacific Forum members and should remain. Our overworked diplomatic efforts is starting to see things return to relative normality.

It's good to hear you have a positive relationship with Spain and Portugal. We have been seeking that as well. Spain is our preferred partner when it comes to naval shipbuilding and Australia and Portugal share a vested interest in the security of Timor-Leste. Our trade routes to Northern Europe will also be benefited from this, given they go through the Suez Canal and onwards through the Gibraltar Strait. Obviously things with the Suez are a bit on edge and rerouting around Africa is always a possibility, which would lead to decreased traffic through Gibraltar. Traffic through either passage is reliant on the security of both passages.

If you are open to it, given our restricted access to Swedish Antarctic Territory, we would like to join your survey in British Antarctic Territory."

Jamie