Constitution of the Republic of China

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Constitution of the Republic of China

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Preamble:

We, the people of the Republic of China, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, ensure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the Republic of China.

Article I: The Legislative Branch

Section 1: All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the Republic of China, which shall consist of a Senate and a House of Representatives.

Section 2: The Senate shall be composed of two Senators from each province, elected by the people thereof for six years, and each Senator shall have one vote.

Section 3: The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every two years by the people of the provinces, and the number of representatives shall be apportioned among the provinces based on their respective populations.

Section 4: All legislative powers not expressly delegated to the Congress by this Constitution are reserved to the provinces.

Section 5: The Congress shall have the power to levy taxes, borrow money, regulate commerce, establish uniform laws on immigration and naturalization, coin money, and establish post offices.

Section 6: The Congress shall have the power to declare war, raise and support armies, and provide and maintain a navy.

Section 7: The Congress shall have the power to make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the Republic of China.

Article II: The Executive Branch

Section 1: The executive power shall be vested in a President of the Republic of China. The President shall be elected by the people for a term of four years.

Section 2: The President shall be the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Republic of China and shall have the power to make treaties, with the advice and consent of the Senate.

Section 3: The President shall nominate, and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint ambassadors, judges of the Supreme Court, and other officers of the government.

Section 4: In case of the removal of the President from office, or of their death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the Vice President shall become President.

Section 5: The President, Vice President, and all civil officers of the Republic of China shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors.

Article III: The Judicial Branch

Section 1: The judicial power of the Republic of China shall be vested in one Supreme Court and such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.

Section 2: The judges, both of the Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior and shall receive a compensation that shall not be diminished during their continuance in office.

Section 3: The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the Republic of China, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority.

Section 4: The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury, and such trial shall be held in the province where the said crimes shall have been committed.

Section 5: Treason against the Republic of China shall consist only in levying war against them or adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act or on confession in open court.

Article IV: Rights and Liberties

Section 1: The rights and liberties of the people of the Republic of China, shall be protected and upheld by this Constitution.

Section 2: No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.

Section 3: The freedom of speech, the press, and the right of the people peaceably to assemble shall not be abridged.

Section 4: Every person has the right to respect for their private and family life, home, and correspondence.

Section 5: No one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

Section 6: Every citizen shall have the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted by the constitution or by law.

Section 7: Every person has the right to freedom and security. No one shall be deprived of their liberty except in accordance with the law.

Section 8: Everyone has the right to respect for their religious beliefs and freedom of thought, conscience, and religion.

Section 9: Every citizen shall have the right to participate in the government of the Republic of China, directly or through freely chosen representatives.

Section 10: No discrimination shall be made on any ground such as sex, race, color, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth, or other status.

Section 11: Every person has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages.

Section 12: Citizens shall have the right to work under equitable and satisfactory conditions, and no one shall be subjected to forced or compulsory labor.

Section 13: Every person has the right to liberty and security of person. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest or detention.

Section 14: Every citizen shall have the right to take part in cultural life and enjoy the arts.

Section 15: The Republic of China recognizes the right to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law.

Article V: Local Autonomy

Section 1: The provinces of the Republic of China shall have the right to local autonomy, and the organization, powers, and responsibilities of local governments shall be defined by law. Local governments shall have the authority to address the specific needs and concerns of their respective communities.

Article VI: Environmental Rights

Section 1: Every person has the right to live in an environment that is conducive to health, well-being, and ecological sustainability. The Republic of China recognizes the duty to protect and preserve the natural environment for present and future generations.

Article VII: Privacy Protection

Section 1: The privacy of individuals shall be inviolable. No person shall be subjected to arbitrary or unlawful interference with their privacy, family, home, or correspondence. The Republic of China shall enact laws to protect personal data and ensure its responsible and transparent use.

Article VIII: Gender Equality

Section 1: Men and women shall have equal rights in all aspects of political, economic, social, and cultural life. The Republic of China shall take affirmative action to eliminate discrimination based on gender and promote gender equality in all spheres of society.

Article IX: Social Security and Welfare

Section 1: Every citizen has the right to social security and to protection against unemployment, sickness, disability, and old age. The Republic of China shall strive to establish a comprehensive social security system that ensures the well-being of all its citizens.

Article X: Cultural and Linguistic Diversity

Section 1: The Republic of China recognizes and respects the diverse cultures and languages of its people. Efforts shall be made to promote and preserve cultural heritage, linguistic diversity, and the rights of ethnic and linguistic minorities.

Article XI: Right to Internet Access

Section 1: Every citizen has the right to access information and participate in the digital world. The Republic of China shall strive to ensure affordable and equitable access to the internet and information and communication technologies, while respecting the principles of net neutrality and the freedom of expression.

Article XII: Amendment Process

Section 1: This Constitution may be amended by a two-thirds majority vote in both houses of Congress, by a constitutional convention called for by two-thirds of the provinces, or by a referendum of the people.

Section 2: Any amendment proposed by Congress or a constitutional convention shall become effective upon ratification by three-fourths of the provinces.

Section 3: The President may call for an amendment of the Constitution through a national referendum.

Section 4: Amendments to this Constitution may also be proposed by a national referendum initiated by the people through a petition signed by a specified number of eligible voters. Such proposed amendments shall be subject to approval by a majority vote in a national referendum.