Integrated Defence Review, 2005

[Jamie]

UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
Security Classification: TOP SECRET

INTEGRATED DEFENCE REVIEW, 2005

Presented to Parliament by the Prime Minister

by Command of Her Majesty

[ November, 2005 ]​

Introduction
The United Kingdom faces a pivotal moment in shaping its defence strategy to address contemporary and emerging threats. Guided by Prime Minister Lawrence Adams’ vision, this review reaffirms the UK’s commitment to safeguarding its homeland, fulfilling international obligations, and maintaining a global presence through modernisation and innovation. It evaluates our alignment with the Transatlantic Security Arrangement (TASA), defence ties with key allies, and the adaptability of our armed forces in an evolving strategic environment.

Strategic Objectives
The UK is resolutely committed to reinforcing its homeland security by enhancing intelligence and surveillance capabilities, ensuring our readiness to counter both traditional and non-traditional threats. The focus lies in bolstering Quick Reaction Alert (QRA) readiness to provide a robust defence of our airspace, alongside an accelerated replacement of outdated patrol vessels to deliver a modern, versatile maritime capability.

In alignment with the Transatlantic Security Arrangement (TASA), the UK continues to deepen its defence integration with key allies. Joint training programs, shared strategic assets, and technological collaboration with member nations strengthen this partnership. Similarly, the United Kingdom’s strategic alliances with Poland, Australia, and Portugal remain cornerstones of our foreign policy, ensuring collective security and regional stability.

Globally, the UK remains determined to maintain its ability to deploy forces effectively and sustain a presence in strategically vital areas. Permanent deployments in Diego Garcia and the Falkland Islands will be reinforced to safeguard key interests, while investments in cutting-edge military technology ensure operational readiness for peacekeeping, humanitarian, and intervention missions. Modernisation remains a driving force behind the UK’s strategy, with innovative approaches to integrating science and technology into our defence operations, enhancing both resilience and efficiency.

Threat Assessment
The proliferation of high-technology military equipment has emerged as a critical concern, exacerbated by the indiscriminate distribution of advanced weaponry such as stealth frigates and aircraft carriers by certain international actors. This has heightened the risk of such systems falling into the wrong hands, potentially destabilising global security. Furthermore, escalating tensions in the Middle East, particularly around the Suez Canal, pose significant challenges to critical trade and energy routes, demanding heightened vigilance and strategic responses.

Looking ahead, the potential misuse of sophisticated weapon platforms remains a pressing concern. Persistent and evolving terrorist networks continue to threaten both domestic and international security. Additionally, the risk of regional conflicts in the Middle East and Asia underscores the need for the UK to maintain a flexible and adaptive military posture capable of addressing a broad spectrum of threats.

British Army Review

• Vehicle Modernisation: Retirement of the Saxon Protected Patrol Vehicle and replacement of Land Rover variants with modern alternatives.
• Rapid Reaction Force: Formation of a rotating brigade-level fast reaction force will enhance responsiveness.
• Personnel and Equipment: Commitment to maintaining personnel strength while prioritising upgrades in weapons, armour, and night vision systems.

Royal Air Force Review

• Fighter and Support Aircraft: The addition of 40 Eurofighter Typhoon Tranche 2 Block 10 variants complements existing assets, ensuring air superiority.
• Tactical Upgrades: Modernisation of the Chinook and Puma fleets will improve operational versatility. New tenders will replace the ageing Lockheed Martin Tristar KC1.
• Global Reach: Establishment of a new air wing at Diego Garcia and formalising operations under the Treaty of Washington at Edwards AFB bolster long-range capabilities.

Royal Navy Review

• Amphibious Capability: A thorough evaluation of the Invincible-class and Ocean-class vessels will shape decisions on replacements suited for the F-35B Joint Strike Fighter.
• Fleet Modernisation: Introduction of 12 Type 45 Destroyers will enhance air defence capabilities, while the Island-class Patrol Vessels will be replaced by more versatile platforms.
• Strategic Deployment: The recommencement of Deterrence at Sea ensures continuous Vanguard-class submarine patrols. Permanent frigate deployments to the Falkland Islands and Diego Garcia will safeguard strategic locations.
• Aviation Transition: The reduction of the Harrier fleet from 80 to 40 will coincide with preparations for F-35B operations.

Prime Minister's Vision Alignment
Prime Minister Adams’ vision of the UK as an active proponent of international order is embedded in this review. By embracing cutting-edge technology, fostering alliances, and prioritising innovation, the UK will:

• Assert its role as a soft power leader through diplomacy and global engagement.
• Expand its strategic influence by leveraging science and technology.
• Ensure resilience against current and future threats, securing its role in a stable and prosperous international system.

Conclusion
The Integrated Defence Review sets a clear path for the United Kingdom to remain a formidable and agile military power. By addressing contemporary challenges, anticipating future risks, and committing to modernisation, the UK reinforces its role as a guardian of global security and a champion of international cooperation.

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