Iran (Kingdom of Èran) to Turkey

[DukeofBread]

𐎯𐎢𐎺𐎼𐎰𐎡𐎶𐏐𐎻𐎡𐎿𐎭𐏃𐎹𐎢𐎶​

To: <Ministry of Foreing Affairs of the Peoples Republic of Turkey, Amine Macar>
Subject: <Establishing Formal Relations>
Security Type: <Confidential>

I, Sha'an'Sha Gustàsp III, the great king, king of kings, king of the lands of Èran with many tribes, king of this great earth so far and wide, of Gustàsp, the king, son, a Haxāmanišya, bits you welcome from my Gate to the outer world, and greet her Exellency, the President of Turkey Aysa Aslan, her goverment and the Minister of Foreign Affairs Amine Macar.

Honorable Minister of Foreign Affairs Amine Macar,
We wish the Peoples Republic of Turkey a blossoming in the lights of the sun, that may let its country become a garden of appreciation for the Waters to see, the Mountains to protect, the Earth to splendor at.
We welcome the recent change of government in your country, similar blossomed from an movement of your great Nations people, as not long ago we saw an fundamental Change in government and system of our country. Even as our, both of such movements created, systems of State and Rule are fundamentally different, my Government sends honest greetings and congratulations at your Government of the people of Turkey.
As the international situation, especially in the region of both our countries, mostly referred to as the "middle East", is in sad recognition of facts an disturbed, even chaotic one, we wish your country all success, peace and prosperity for its future. With especially notion for the situation in Syria, Iraq, the red Sea and Afghanistan, we ask your government to establish formal relations between our both countries, exchange of permanent ambassadors and the meeting, be it in person or via electronic devices, of emissary between out government. As my country wishes to come to agreement for stability, peace and security in the region, and its our deep conviction, that such is not possible without an good relationship between both our honorable nations.

Sincerely,

Bahrām-e Čūbīn
Royal Prince of the great Gate for Foreign Relations
Kingdom of Èran
Adem

 

[Adem]

MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF TURKEY​

---

Encrypted: Yes
Classified: Yes
From: Amine Macar, Minister of Foreign Affairs
To: Bahrām-e Čūbīn, Royal Prince of the great Gate for Foreign Relations DukeofBread

Subject: Re: Establishing Formal Relations

Your Highness,

Thank you for your kind message. The people of Turkey appreciate your well wishes and while we may differ in ideology we wish only greatness for the great Iranian people as well.

The situation in Syria, Afghanistan and the Middle East in general is among the President's and my list of greatest concerns for this first and likely future term of our new government. As two countries that have throughout history been brokers of power in the area, I agree that Turkish-Iranian coordination can act as a force for stability in the area. As such I agree to your proposed establishment of formal relations and invite an Iranian representative to meet with myself in Ankara.

Sincerely,
Amine Macar

 

[DukeofBread]

𐎯𐎢𐎺𐎼𐎰𐎡𐎶𐏐𐎻𐎡𐎿𐎭𐏃𐎹𐎢𐎶​

To: <Minister of Foreign Affairs, Türkiye> Jay
Subject: <Establishing Formal Relations - after Goverment Shift>
Security Type: <Confidential>


Honorable Minister of Foreign Affairs,

we already started to establish ties between our countries with the former government of your honorable State. As a blessed constitutional Monarchy we did not so because of a natural sympathy for the former type of government in your country but because of the importance and benefit for both our states, we believe a good relation and maybe even cooperation between Iran and Türkiye would bring.
Therefore I want to express my highest regards for your new government, a situation my own government, the Haxāmanišya's great dynasty and my country knows from recent history itself.
We hope to continue with your government the path between the Kingdom of Èran and Türkiye, in mutual cooperation and diplomatic recognition. Therefore we would like to offer the exchange of ambassadors and embays in both our capitals.
As my country wishes to come to agreement for stability, peace and security in the region, and its our deep conviction, that such is not possible without an good relationship between both our honorable nations.

Sincerely,

Bahrām-e Čūbīn
Royal Prince of the great Gate for Foreign Relations
Kingdom of Èran

 

[Jay]

Millî Güvenlik Kurulu National Security Council​

AUTHENTIC COMMUNIQUE OF THE OFFICE OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS Security Clearance: Secure and Encrypted ŞİFRELEME KORUMASI: KAPLUĞA​

[Recipient]: Minister of Foreign Affairs, Kingdom of Eran < DukeofBread > [Sender]: National Security Council, Türkiye <Millîgüvenlikkurulu@tr.gov > [Subject]: Confidential: Diplomatic Relations & Situation in Syria

Your Excellency, Prince Čūbīn On behalf of the National Security Council of the Republic of Türkiye, I extend our appreciation for your message. We welcome your interest in enhancing bilateral relations between our to countries. The National Security Council recognizes that good relations between Türkiye and Eran are necessary for regional stability, peace, and prosperity. To that end, the National Security Council is ready to restore bilateral relations, exchange ambassadors, and make the necessary conditions for fruitful relations possible. The Turkish Government, in addition to reopening its embassy in Tehran would like to establish three consulates general in Mashad, Urmia and Tabriz. The Turkish Government would like to name Hicabi Kırlangıç as our Ambassador to the Kingdom of Eran and is ready to welcome Iran's appointed Ambassador to the Republic of Türkiye On behalf of the National Security Council General Nuri İnönü Deputy Secretary-General National Security Council of the Republic of Türkiye Ankara

 

[DukeofBread]

𐎻𐎡𐏁𐎫​

To: <Prime Minister Ayşe Çiller, Türkiye> Jay
Subject: <Establishing Formal Relations>
Security Type: <Confidential>

Honorable Prime Minister of the Republic of Türkiye,

we want to greet your countries Excellency President Abdullah Gül on behalf of our noble Sovereign the Sha'an'Sha Gustàsp III. and on behalf of my government I want to congratulate you for winning the recent elections and form a government for your country.
As my minister of foreign Affairs was in diplomatic exchange with the National Security Council of your country, I hope we can go further on that road, to exchange ambassadors and deepening diplomatic and region-security ties.
On that behalf I would like to appoint by myself Wispuhran Ali Dārayavauš as ambassador for my country in the Republic of Türkiye, also on behalf of his majesty King of Kings Gustàsp III. himself, as one of his long trusted advisors due his exile before restoring his rule.

May the light of spring shine on your young government, to let it blossom in the garden of the world.

Mána Ràba
Prime Minister of the State
Kingdom of Èran

 

[Jay]

Dışişleri Bakanlığı Ministry of Foreign Affairs​

AUTHENTIC COMMUNIQUE OF THE OFFICE OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS Security Clearance: Secure and Encrypted ŞİFRELEME KORUMASI: KAPLUĞA​

[Recipient]: Mána Ràba < DukeofBread > [Sender]: Minister of Foreign Affairs, Türkiye < BaşbakanlıkOfisi@tr.gov > [Subject]: Confidential // RE: Establishing Formal Relations

Your Excellency Prime Minister Ràba, On behalf of the Government of the Republic of Türkiye, I extend my sincere gratitude for your kind message of congratulations and warm words following the recent elections. We are particularly honored by the good wishes conveyed by His Majesty the Sha’an’Sha Gustàsp III. Please convey to His Majesty our profound appreciation for his gracious recognition. Türkiye and the Kingdom of Èran are heirs to ancient civilizations whose legacies continue to shape the cultural and strategic fabric of our region. We are proud of the deep historical bonds between our peoples, and I am personally eager to strengthen the friendship and cooperation between our two sovereign nations. I would like to say that I plan to consult with President Abdullah Gül and request that a formal invitation be extended to His Majesty the King for an official state visit to Türkiye at a mutually convenient time. In the meantime, it would be our pleasure and honor to welcome you, Prime Minister, to Ankara for an official working visit. Such an occasion would provide a timely opportunity to further deepen our diplomatic dialogue. Türkiye warmly welcomes the appointment of Wispuhran Ali Dārayavauš as Ambassador of the Kingdom of Èran to the Republic of Türkiye. His background and close association with His Majesty are deeply respected, and we look forward to receiving him in Ankara. In the spirit of shared regional responsibility, we believe our two nations must enhance cross-border cooperation to address security threats that affect both our peoples. In particular, we are concerned about the activities of the PKK and its affiliated networks operating across borders, including the Mujahedin-e-Khalq (MEK), whose destabilizing influence warrants joint vigilance. We also believe the time is ripe to initiate discussions toward a bilateral trade agreement that would lay the groundwork for greater economic integration and prosperity for both our nations. I look forward to engaging with you, Prime Minister, in pursuit of these common goals, and to building a productive and enduring partnership between Türkiye and the Kingdom of Èran. With my highest regards, Ayşe Çiller Prime Minister Republic of Türkiye

 

[DukeofBread]

𐎻𐎡𐏁𐎫​

To: <Prime Minister Ayşe Çiller, Türkiye> Jay
Subject: <Establishing Formal Relations>
Security Type: <Confidential>

Exellency Prime Minister Çiller,

I thank you for the open words that honor both our historic relationships and significance for our shared regional stability. Also his Majesty will be all pleased to hear from your honourfull reply.
Therefore we welcome your eager reply and willingness to strengthen cooperation between our government. I can already say that I am deeply honored by your invitation to Türkiye and will look forward to an work visit, where we can directly work on progress in Treatys and mutual cooperation in different areas.
For his Majesty the Sha'an'Sha I will send him your gracious invitation for a state visit and his court office will let your government know his Answer, but I am confident in the pleasant and positive response of his Majesty Gustasp III.

I would delegate recent talks for actions in cooperation against the Mujahedin-e-Khalq (MEK) to our Ambassador, as soon as he arrives at Ankyra. While closer and more long term aimed talks for cross-border cooperation to address the security threats by the PKK, I would be happy to conduct at my work visit.
But I already can confirm the in principle willingness of my Government to work close with your honorable government to show a strong regional commitment to anti-terrorist operations.
I am also especially grateful that you brought the idea of an bilateral trade agreement up, as it would have been an topic of mine to propose your government too.
Therefore I am really keen to discuss that in my visit too.

I look forward to see the blossom of our countries, in the light of our cooperation deepening diplomatic ties.

Mána Ràba
Prime Minister of the State
Kingdom of Èran

 

[Jay]

Dışişleri Bakanlığı Ministry of Foreign Affairs​

AUTHENTIC COMMUNIQUE OF THE OFFICE OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS Security Clearance: Secure and Encrypted ŞİFRELEME KORUMASI: KAPLUĞA​

[Recipient]: Mána Ràba < DukeofBread > [Sender]: Minister of Foreign Affairs, Türkiye < BaşbakanlıkOfisi@tr.gov > [Subject]: Confidential // RE: Establishing Formal Relations

Your Excellency, Prime Minister Ràba, The deepening bond between our two peoples I believe, will enable a shared vision of a Turkic-Iranian partnership to serve as a guardian of regional peace and prosperity. Please convey my humble respects to His Majesty Sha'an'Sha Gustasp III. It would be a privilege beyond measure to host His Majesty in Ankara for a state visit, and I await the response of the Court Office with great anticipation. In such times as ours, the symbolism and substance of such high-level engagement cannot be overstated. I am equally heartened by your readiness to conduct a working visit to Türkiye. As part of your visit, we plan to formally introduce a Turkish-Iranian Trade Agreement, create the conditions for a lowering of visa requirements, a joint-security agreement to combat the PKK and PJAK, high level political and military cooperation, and addressing the Syria crisis. We believe a Turkish-Iranian trade agreement would open the possibility to create a new economic corridor rooted in mutual benefit and regional complementarity. It would send a powerful message of regional integration and shared development. I am confident that your upcoming visit shall prove a turning point in the modern history of Turkish–Iranian relations. May our peoples grow in strength and dignity under the shade of the new partnership we are poised to build. Best, Ayşe Çiller Prime Minister Republic of Türkiye

 

[DukeofBread]

It was an rainy end of an day in Ankyra as newly appointed ambassador Lord Ali Dārayavauš, one of the few government officials of the Iranian government that shared a direct link in old friendship since childhood to the Sha himself, arrived in his government ATR 72 Plane.

Accompanied by a small staff of 40 people, 10 of which are security personal from the Anûšiya, he arrived at his new post while not only the shaken Turkish economy but the worlds was struggling in an oncoming depression.

While his office was firstly tasked with establishing preparations for the state Visit of Prime Minister Ràba and the talks with his Turkish counterpart Çiller, the talking points already established, in the wake of this increasingly economic and security state of the region, he would do more than just preparing.

Therefore after settling in his office, at first not only the ceremonial accreditation of his status as accepted ambassador by the Turkish government would follow, but also an request for an appointment with Foreign Affairs Minister Sümeyye Boz Çakı. Both to start preparations for the upcoming exchange of diplomacy on the highest levels between both Prime Ministers, but more so also to seek out immediately possibilities of cooperation.

Jay

 

[Jay]

The rain had not stopped since morning, as a gray curtain draped across the city of Ankara. The streets glistened with water, the lamps along the boulevards bending their light in soft reflections across the cobblestones. As Lord Ali Dārayavauš disembarked from his government’s ATR-72 aircraft, he would be recieved by Turkish diplomats and immigration officials who processed the Embassy's forty diplomatic staff and ensured the ten security officers were complaint with Turkish laws.

A convoy of state vehicles carried Dārayavauš from Esenboğa to the Presidential Palace. The vehicle approached to the Presidential Complex. A Turkish flag fluttered above the main roof as the building against the overcast sky. The motorcade slowed before the exterior security gate, two uniformed DMKK officer wearing their distinctive digital camo uniforms and armored vests stepped forward.

One approached the vehicle, scanning the license plate with a handheld device, while another reviewed the incoming vehicle’s itinerary from a rugged tablet linked to the internal Presidential security network. Then a quiet mechanical hum that came as the massive iron gates slowly parted to permit the motorcade’s entry.

As the vehicle crossed through the gate, its tires rolled over an underground bomb detection scanner, a matte-black slab set into the pavement, bristling with sensors. On the far side of the gates, the palace’s wide front lawn stretched out like a manicured carpet, flanked by stone pathways and lines of tulips. The vehicle curved around the circular drive and came to a stop before a tall flight of white steps, at the top of which stood Chief of Staff Cevdet Yılmaz and a Ministry of Foreign Affairs protocol official in a navy-blue suit with a thin silver tie, hands folded at his front.

When the doors opened and the Ambassador stepped out, Cevdet would extend his hand.

“Welcome to Çankaya,” Yılmaz said in an English accent laced with Turkish, “It’s a pleasure to finally host you, Mr. Hawkins.”

They entered the palace through the guest entrance, a private hall lined with traditional Turkish tiles and soft recessed lighting. Just inside, a sleek scanner portal stood under a gold-framed portrait of Atatürk. A DMKK officer manned the adjacent security booth, flanked by two more officers stationed beside the magnetometer.

The Iranian security agents, briefed ahead of time, approached the side table where secure firearm lockers had been prepared if they wished to use them. If so, the agents would need to lock their sidearms and sign an entry log.

Two DMKK diplomatic detail officers, both bearing the silver crescent insignia of the diplomatic protection service, and four members of the Presidential Security Service, stepped forward. Special Agent Mutlu Karabulut stepped forward and extended his hand to Hawkins. "Hello Sir, welcome to the Çankaya. I am Special Agent Karabulut (Kara-boo-loot), and I am the Head of Security for the building. Pleasure to make your acquaintance."

Once security formalities were completed, the group was led through a side corridor into a formal receiving room, its high ceilings and deep mahogany trim that shinned under the crystal chandelier. They walked in near silence down a carpeted hall that led to the President’s official office, the room was filled with rich dark wood, along with Turkish artwork lining the walls and heavy curtains drawn back to let in the morning sun.

As they entered, President Abdullah Gül stepped forward from behind his desk, a wide, genuine smile already spread across his face. He wore a tailored charcoal suit and a Turkish flag pin. His eyes crinkled with warmth as he approached.

“Ali,” he said in clear English, “on behalf of the Turkish Republic, welcome." He extended his hand. “I believe we have some formalities to attend to,” Gül said, gesturing with a small flourish.

Abdullah would accept Dārayavauš's letter of credence with both hands, nodding as the protocol photographer discreetly stepped in and snapped a few photos of the ceremonial handover. Once the exchange was complete, Gül gestured toward a sitting area.

“Please, join me for tea,” President Gül said, gesturing to the couch opposite of him. A tea service had been discreetly placed on the sideboard, untouched. Along with it an assortment of Turkish sweets, including Turkish delight, cookies, and shortbreads.

Over porcelain cups of tea, the President spoke with simplicity. He reminded the ambassador that Turkish and Persian societies had crossed paths for centuries, their histories braided with both rivalry and respect. “We are heirs,” Gül said softly, “to a long Turco-Persian tapestry. Its colors are not always harmonious, but they endure.” Abdullah thanked the Ambassador and said he was always available to advance Turco-Persian ties and that together they could make the Middle East a peaceful and prosperous region.

From the palace, the ambassador’s motorcade drove through the rain-slick avenues to Kavaklıdere, where the old Iranian chancery stood shuttered. Its gates had been cleaned, the flagstaff ready to receive new colors. At the entrance, waiting in precise formality, was the Turkish Secretary of State for Asian Affairs, Ataol Koca. He would serve as Ankara’s liaison, the point of contact between the chancery and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Inside, amid the scent of polished wood and paper long sealed in crates, the two men walked the corridors together. Karakuş assured the ambassador that Türkiye sought a relationship of balance and pragmatism, economic stability through trade, regional security through consultation, and a mutual recognition that their shared geography was a tool for a peaceful region. Ataol said that the Prime Minister sees Iran as one of Türkiye's most important partners and wants to ensure a strong and special relationship between our two nations.

He then explained that the Minister was currently in Poland. Ataol then confirmed he'd be available to meet with Ali whenever it was convenient for him and left the Ambassador and his staff to properly set up their diplomatic missions. At the same time, Türkiye's designated Ambassador Mohammad Rıza Bağcan would be in Tehran formally presenting his credentials to the Shah and expressing similar sentiments shared by President Gül and Ataol.

When the Iranians were ready, Atatol would be waiting to receive them at the Ministry to discuss the working visit of Prime Minister Ràba to Ankara. Ambassador Dārayavauš went through the security doors at the Ministry before being brought into a meeting room with his staff, where Ataol and two other Turkish diplomats waited for them. They'd be offered tea and other refreshments as they started.

DukeofBread

 

[DukeofBread]

From the airport in the Turkish capital, Esenboğa, the delegation was met and processed by Turkish officials before being driven to the Presidential Palace.
During the journey, Dārayavauš looked out the window of the car carrying him. Behind him were other cars for part of his delegation. However, the majority of the staff was already being transported to the embassy building; after all, not all 40 members of his delegation were needed for the accreditation of the Iranian ambassador to the Turkish president.
The rainy streets and the view of the large Ankara Etlik Şehir Hastanesi Hospital gave way to the impressive grounds of the Presidential Palace and the guards at the gate.
After the convoy had been scanned and checked, it finally continued onto the large grounds, overshadowed by the massive palace building itself.
As he looked out the window just before getting out, Dārayavauš recognized the President's Chief of Staff on the steps. Not that they had ever met before, but during the preparation, Ali had learned to recognize this face as well.

Calmly and with unconcealed glances at the monumental representation of architecture, the Iranian got out and, after taking a moment to straighten his suit, walked purposefully up to Cevdet and the Foreign Affairs official and took the hand of the high-ranking employee. "It's a pleasure to be welcomed here." Ali had already been to Turkey five times, but always as a private citizen, at most as a friend of the then-exiled theoretical heir to the throne of Iran, today's Sha'an'Sha Gustasp III.
Accordingly, the splendor and size of the palace were quite new to him as he entered along with two security agents and four other members of his delegation, including his deputy Rushi Ghazid. The Iranian security guards stowed their weapons in the designated lockers before moving on.
After completing the security protocols with the embassy, they went to the reception room, where President Abdullah was already waiting behind his desk, approaching the Iranian diplomat.

"President Gul, thank you for your welcome." Ali shook the president's hand with a sincere smile, followed by a respectful bow. "It is an honor to complete the formalities with you." As a true old-school monarchist, someone who viewed protocol and pomp as dignity, these words from Ali's mouth rang true. All the more so because, despite this attitude, he had experienced very little pomp or statesmanship for most of his life. Even after his good friend Sha's rise to power, he had successfully rejected purely ceremonial posts, making this diplomatic post Ali's first assignment with so much official procedure and pomp.

After respectfully presenting his letter of credence to the President and completing the formalities, Ali took the offered seat. "Thank you very much." With obvious joy, Ali took a sip from the exquisite porcelain cup and a piece of Turkish delight.
The Iranian listened attentively to the President and nodded, his smile seeming to openly acknowledge the turbulent Persian-Turkish history, which was hardly surprising considering that Ali had originally been a lecturer in Middle Eastern history in exile at a US university. "The threads of our history have truly been woven wide and deep, so I hope all the more to be able to add a few more examples of friendship in there."
Ali then drove to the old Iranian embassy building, freshly prepared for the first arrival of a royal diplomat since 1979. Indeed, the Persian felt moved when he saw the flagpole and knew that the banner of the Kingdom of Eran, the Fravashi, would soon be fluttering there.

There, Dārayavauš greeted Secretary Koca with exquisite courtesy, knowing that this would, after all, be his main contact in Ankara.
Inside the building, which was freshly spruced up but clearly still needed to be furnished; many of the previous government's Islamic-inspired images and ornaments had already been removed, Ali listened to the Secretary's words. Of course, they were diplomatically embellished, but Ali would also assure him that Iran had a strong interest in a lasting and deepening relationship with Turkey and that it was his duty to ensure the establishment of precisely these relations in Ankara.
Since the Foreign Minister was currently in Poland, Dārayavauš thanked him for the opportunity to negotiate with Atatol in his absence.

One day later, Dārayavauš would go to the ministry with two staff members and four security officers for the ride.
In gratitude, Ali took a long sip of tea—he was clearly a lover—before he began.
"As our two Prime Ministers have already agreed in high-level correspondence, various agreements are to be negotiated and concluded during the visit of His Excellency Prime Minister Ràba. First, I would like to establish common ground on which agreements our two governments are specifically interested in.
For the Kingdom of Eran, the following are primarily on the table:
a trade agreement, VISA regulations, and military and intelligence cooperation in the fight against terrorism.
Given the economic challenges facing our two countries, I would also like to propose, on behalf of my government, further economic cooperation, as well as in the area of cross-border infrastructure. The Sha and the Ministry of Defense have instructed also me to also propose military and defense industry cooperation, especially since my country's newly established army has already acquired Turkish military equipment."

Meanwhile, in Tehran, Ambassador Mohammad Rıza Bağcan would be invited to Persepolis in the partially reconstructed part of the ancient palace, namely the Tachara, one of the smallest of the original palaces, which now served as the official reception building of the Sha'an'Sha, where Gustasp III would greet Mohammad and provide his accreditation.
Jay

 

[Jay]

Atatol would be joined by three diplomatic and civil servants from the Ministry as they took their seats across from the Ambassador. The Turkish diplomats had a small cup of red tea in front of them and took sips from it as the Iranians spoke.

Then Atatol would speak. "My Government would be very much interested in negotiating and concluding the aforementioned agreements. We are prepared to draft the initial drafts of the three agreements if that is acceptable to your government." Ataol asked as the diplomat next to him noted down a few things.

"Regarding cross-border infrastructure and cooperation, I also find that aligns with our interests as well, and I'd like to hear your proposals for what type of cooperation you'd envision."

"On the last point, my Government sees a strong and stable Eran as crucial for the region, and we are eager to sell the necessary equipment to your government and expand cooperation between our defense industries."

DukeofBread

 

[DukeofBread]

The Persian would wait with his calm way, for Atatol to gather his civil servants, which took seats, before he listened to the Turk. In his typical matter Dārayavauš took his own pen to write down notes, just three words on a small paper sheet, while he listened to his diplomatic counterpart, before he would answer.

"I am thankful for your government’s willingness to draft those three agreements, and Iran greatly would welcome to make those drafts the basis of our talks, be it in agreement or proposals to change them." He made a small note before he looked again, openly, to Atatol and continued.

"It’s good to hear your governments general agreement with cross-border cooperation. My government propose a shared investment in earthquake security measures, as both our border regions share this danger, also an investment in an continuing, highway level, street system through the borders and an continues train connection, from Theran to Ankara or even Istanbul. Also, touching the subject of military cooperation, shared system of stronger surveillance in our shared border regions for terrorist activities and military communication and infrastructure to act upon, in union. Shared systems and communication to coordinate I think is the key, to establish here."

"We are happy to know about the support of the Turkish government in our military policy, as my government always in its short time, stated openly its still current weakness in military capacities, caused by the change from Islamism to a more glorious and democratic, world opened, society with his majesty the Great King as guidance. Therefore we see the Turkish arms industry and know how as admirable, and seek to grow along with your government in our capacities, so that we may together can safeguard our still very unstable region."

Jay

 

[Jay]

Atatol nodded as he listened to Dārayavauš. "Thank you Ambassador." He said as he nodded to an aide who then handed three dark green binders. "Inside you'll find our proposals for the trade, intelligence, and visa agreements." He said with a smile giving the Iranians time to review them.

"We welcome the opportunity for Iran to invest in our country, and I believe my Government would be very much interested in providing Iran with contracts for projects on our mutual border. Regarding defense sales, if you have systems in mind, we are ready to make the appropriate conditions to facilitate those sales."

Trade Agreement

Trade Agreement between the Republic of Türkiye and the Kingdom of Èran​

RECOGNIZING the need for trade relations as a means of developing longstanding and strong partnerships based on common principles and values of an open market and fair trade;

DESIRING to further develop a close economic relationship as part of and in a manner coherent with their overall relations, and convinced that this Agreement will create a new climate for the development of trade and investment between the Parties;

CONVINCED that this Agreement will create an expanded and secure market for goods and services and a stable and predictable environment for investment, thus enhancing the competitiveness of their firms in global markets;

REAFFIRMING their commitment to the Charter of the Global Assembly and the principles of cooperation and development;

REAFFIRMING their commitment to sustainable development and convinced of the contribution of international trade to sustainable development in its economic, social, and environmental dimensions, including economic development, poverty reduction, full and productive employment, and decent work for all, as well as the protection and preservation of the environment and natural resources;

RECOGNIZING the right of the Parties to take measures necessary to achieve legitimate public policy objectives on the basis of the level of protection that they deem appropriate, provided that such measures do not constitute a means of unjustifiable discrimination or a disguised restriction on international trade, as reflected in this Agreement;

RESOLVED to promote transparency as regards all relevant interested parties, including the private sector and civil society organizations;

DESIRING to raise living standards, promote economic growth and stability, create new employment opportunities, and improve the general welfare through expanding mutual trade and investment;

SEEKING to establish clear and mutually advantageous rules governing their trade and investment and to reduce or eliminate the barriers to mutual trade and investment;

RESOLVED to contribute to the harmonious development and expansion of world trade by removing obstacles to trade through this Agreement and to avoid creating new barriers to trade or investment between their territories that could reduce the benefits of this Agreement;

DESIRING to strengthen the development and enforcement of labor and environmental laws and policies, promote basic workers’ rights and sustainable development and implement this Agreement in a manner consistent with these objectives; and

HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS:

CHAPTER ONE

OBJECTIVES AND GENERAL DEFINITIONS

Article 1.1

Objectives

1. The Parties hereby establish a free trade area on goods, services, establishment, and associated rules in accordance with this Agreement.

2. The objectives of this Agreement are:

• (a) to reduce barriers and facilitate trade in goods and services between the Parties, in conformity with general practices of fair trade;
• (b) to promote trade in services and investment between the Parties;
• (c) to promote competition in their economies, particularly as it relates to economic relations between the Parties;
• (d) to adequately and effectively protect intellectual property rights;
• (e) to contribute, by removing barriers to trade and by developing an environment conducive to increased investment flows, to the harmonious development and expansion of world trade;
• (f) to commit, in the recognition that sustainable development is an overarching objective, to the development of international trade in such a way as to contribute to the objective of sustainable development and strive to ensure that this objective is integrated and reflected at every level of the Parties’ trade relationship; and
• (g) to promote foreign direct investment without lowering or reducing environmental, labor, or occupational health and safety standards in the application and enforcement of environmental and labor laws of the Parties.

3. With respect to goods, services, establishments, and associated matters not expressly provided for under this Agreement, the Parties agree that such goods and services shall be subject to a tariff rate of twenty-five percent (25%)

Article 1.2
General definitions

Throughout this Agreement, references to:

The Parties mean, on the one hand, the Republic of Türkiye (hereinafter referred to as Türkiye), and on the other hand, the Kingdom of Èran (hereinafter referred to as Iran);

The Agreement means the Trade Agreement for Trade and Cooperation between Türkiye and Iran

CHAPTER TWO

NATIONAL TREATMENT AND MARKET ACCESS FOR GOODS

SECTION A

Common provisions

Article 2.1

Objective

The Parties shall progressively and reciprocally lower barriers in trade over specified goods over a transitional period starting from the entry into force of this Agreement, in accordance with this Agreement

Article 2.2

Scope and Coverage

Article 2.2 Scope and Coverage

This Chapter applies to trade in goods and trade in services between the Parties as set out below.

1. Trade in Goods

This Chapter shall apply to all goods that satisfy the origin requirements set out in Article 3.1 (Rules of Origin) and that are:

(a) wholly obtained or produced in the territory of one Party;

(b) produced in the territory of one Party exclusively from originating materials; or

(c) produced in the territory of one Party using non-originating materials, provided they undergo substantial transformation as defined in Article 3.1.

2. Trade in Services

This Chapter shall apply to any measure adopted or maintained by a Party affecting trade in services, including measures affecting:


(a) cross-border supply of a service (Mode 1);

(b) consumption of a service in the territory of a Party by a consumer of the other Party (Mode 2);

(c) establishment and operation of a service supplier in the territory of a Party (Mode 3);

(d) presence of natural persons of a Party in the territory of the other Party for the purpose of supplying a service (Mode 4).


3. Suppliers of Goods and Services

This Chapter shall apply to goods and services supplied by:

(a) natural persons who are nationals of a Party;\

(b) juridical persons that are constituted or organized under the laws of a Party and have their head office in the territory of that Party; and

(c) juridical persons in which nationals of a Party or juridical persons of a Party own or control at least 50 percent of the equity interest and that have their head office in the territory of that Party.


Article 2.3

Customs duty

For the purposes of this Chapter, a customs duty includes any duty or charge of any kind imposed on, or in connection with, the importation of a good, including any form of surtax or surcharge imposed on, or in connection with, such importation. It shall not include any:

(a) charge equivalent to an internal tax imposed in respect of a like domestic good or in respect of an article from which the imported good has been manufactured or produced in whole or in part;

(b) duty imposed pursuant to a Party’s law consistently with Chapter Three (Trade Remedies);

(c) fee or other charge imposed pursuant to a Party’s law consistently with Article 2.10;

Article 2.4

Classification of goods

The classification of goods in trade between the Parties shall be that set out in each Party’s respective tariff nomenclature, interpreted in conformity with the Harmonized System of the International Convention on the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System

Elimination of customs duties

Article 2.5

Elimination of customs duties

1. Except as otherwise provided by the Agreement, each Party shall eliminate its customs duties on originating goods of the other Party in accordance with section A, article 2.2.

2. Both parties may in, relation to Section A, Article 2.2, apply a quota rate appropriately determined by the parties' trade authorities. The quota base shall be equivalent to the rate of the lowest tariffs applied to the most-favored nation. That duty rate shall apply as regards trade covered by this Agreement if and for as long as the two parties maintain a quota basis for conducting trade under sub-article d of Section A.

3. Five years after the entry into force of this Agreement, on the request of either Party, the Parties shall consult to consider accelerating and broadening the scope of the elimination of customs duties on imports between them and expand Section A, Article 2.2. Scope and Coverage. Following such consultations, on the acceleration or broadening of the scope of the elimination of a customs duty on a good shall supersede any duty rate or staging category determined.

Article 2.6

Standstill

Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, neither Party may increase any existing customs duty, or adopt any new customs duty, on an originating good of the other Party. This shall not preclude either Party from raising a customs duty to the minimum level agreed upon by this agreement following a unilateral reduction.

Article 2.7

Administration and implementation of tariff-rate quotas

1. Each Party shall ensure that:

• (a) its procedures for administering its tariff-rate quotas (herein referred to as TRQs) are transparent, made available to the public, timely, non-discriminatory, responsive to market conditions, minimally burdensome to trade, and reflect end-user preferences;
• (b) any person of a Party that fulfills the importing Party’s legal and administrative requirements shall be eligible to apply and to be considered for a TRQ allocation by the Party. Unless the Parties otherwise agree by decision of the Committee on Trade in Goods, any processor, retailer, restaurant, hotel, food service distributor or institution, or any other person is eligible to apply for, and to be considered to receive, a TRQ allocation. Any fees charged for services related to an application for a TRQ allocation shall be limited to the actual cost of the services rendered;
• (c) except as specified in Article 2.5 Clause 3, it does not allocate any portion of a TRQ to a producer group, condition access to a TRQ allocation on the purchase of domestic production, or limit access to a TRQ allocation to processors; and it allocates TRQs in commercially viable shipping quantities and, to the maximum extent possible, in the amounts that importers request.
• (d) each TRQ allocation shall be valid for any item or mixture of items subject to a particular TRQ, regardless of the item’s or mixture’s specification or grade, and shall not be conditioned on the item’s or mixture’s intended end-use or package size.

2. Each Party shall identify the entity responsible for administering its TRQs.

3. Each Party shall make every effort to administer its TRQs in a manner that allows importers to fully utilize TRQ quantities

4. Neither Party may condition application for, or utilization of, TRQ allocations on the re-export of a good.

SECTION C

Non-tariff measures

Article 2.8

National treatment

Each Party shall accord national treatment to goods of the other Party that are covered by this agreement.

Article 2.9

Import and export restrictions

Neither Party may adopt or maintain any prohibition or restriction other than duties, taxes, or other charges on the importation of any good of the other Party or on the exportation or sale for export of any good destined for the territory of the other Party.

Article 2.10

Fees and other charges on imports

Each Party shall ensure that all fees and charges of whatever character (other than customs duties and the items that are excluded from the definition of a customs duty under Article 2.3(a), (b) and (d)) imposed on, or in connection with, importation are limited in amount to the approximate cost of services rendered, are not calculated on an ad valorem basis, and do not represent an indirect protection to domestic goods or taxation of imports for fiscal purposes.

Article 2.11

Duties, taxes, or other fees and charges on exports

Neither Party may maintain or institute any duties, taxes, or other fees and charges imposed on, or in connection with, the exportation of goods to the other Party, or any internal taxes, fees and charges on goods exported to the other Party that are in excess of those imposed on like goods destined for internal sale.

SECTION D

Specific exceptions related to goods

Article 2.12

General exceptions

1. The Parties affirm that their existing rights and obligations under the Charter of the Global Assembly and organ agencies' decisions, which are incorporated into and made part of this Agreement, shall not be considered a renegation on the terms of this agreement should a party be subject to export/import restrictions.

2. Where exceptional and critical circumstances requiring immediate action make prior information or examination impossible, the Party intending to take the measures may apply forthwith the precautionary measures necessary to deal with the situation and shall inform the other Party immediately thereof.

SECTION F

AEROSPACE INDUSTRY AND PARTS

Article 1

General Provisions

Recognizing the importance of aerospace products and parts for growth, employment, and trade for both Parties, the Parties confirm their shared objectives and principles, for these products:

• (a) ensuring full market access by elimination of tariffs and non-tariff obstacles to bilateral trade pursuant to this Agreement by the parties;
• (b) promoting the compatibility of regulations based on international standards;
• (c) establishing competitive market conditions based on principles of openness, non-discrimination, and transparency;
• (d) securing the protection of human health, safety, and environment; and
• (e) enhancing cooperation to foster continued mutually beneficial development in trade.

Article 2

Regulatory convergence

1. The Parties recognize the global standards on Harmonization of Aerospace Regulations (hereinafter referred to as the ‘AER.29’), is the relevant international standard-setting body for the products covered by this Annex.

Article 3

Market access

Iran shall allow on its market the products originating or assembled by companies registered in Türkiye, in accordance with this Agreement:

(a) Iran shall accept any product that complies with the requirements listed in this agreement or as mutually recognized by both parties as complying with the corresponding provisions of the applicable Iranian technical regulations;

Türkiye shall allow on its market the products originating or assembled by companies registered in Iran, in accordance with this Agreement:

(a) Türkiye shall accept any product that complies with the requirements listed in this agreement or as mutually recognized by both parties as complying with the corresponding provisions of the applicable Turkish technical regulations;

CHAPTER THREE

TRADE REMEDIES

SECTION A

Bilateral safeguard measures

Article 3.1

Application of a bilateral safeguard measure

1. If, as a result of the reduction or elimination of customs duty under this Agreement, originating goods of a Party are being imported into the territory of the other Party in such increased quantities, in absolute terms or relative to domestic production, and under such conditions as to cause or threaten to cause serious injury to a domestic industry producing like or directly competitive goods, the importing Party may adopt measures to safeguard the respective industry/good.

2. The importing Party may take a bilateral safeguard measure which:

(a) suspends further reduction of the rate of customs duty on the goods concerned provided for under this Agreement; or

(b) increases the rate of customs duty on the goods to a level which does not exceed the lesser of:

• (i) the MFN applied rate of customs duty on the good in effect at the time the measure is taken;

Article 3.2
Conditions and limitations

1. A Party shall notify the other Party in writing of the initiation of an investigation and consult with the other Party as far in advance of applying a bilateral safeguard measure as practicable, with a view to reviewing the information arising from the investigation and exchanging views on the measure.

2. A Party shall apply bilateral safeguard measures only following an investigation by its competent authorities.

3. Each Party shall ensure that its competent authorities complete any such investigation within one year of its date of initiation.

4. Neither party may apply a bilateral safeguard measure:

• (a) except to the extent, and for such time, as may be necessary to prevent or remedy serious injury and to facilitate adjustment;
• (b) for a period exceeding two years, except that the period may be extended by up to two years if the competent authorities of the importing Party determine, in conformity with the procedures specified in this Article, that the measure continues to be necessary to prevent or remedy serious injury and to facilitate adjustment and that there is evidence that the industry is adjusting, provided that the total period of application of a safeguard measure, including the period of initial application and any extension thereof, shall not exceed four years; or
• (c) beyond the expiration of the transition period, except with the consent of the other Party.

Article 3.3

Provisional measures

In critical circumstances where delay would cause damage that would be difficult to repair, a Party may apply a bilateral safeguard measure on a provisional basis pursuant to a preliminary determination that there is clear evidence that imports of an originating good from the other Party have increased as the result of the reduction or elimination of a customs duty under this Agreement, and such imports cause serious injury, or threat thereof, to the domestic industry. The duration of any provisional measure shall not exceed 200 days. The Party shall promptly refund any tariff increases if the investigation does not result in a finding that the requirements of Article 3.1 are met.

Article 3.4

Compensation

1. A Party applying a bilateral safeguard measure shall consult with the other Party in order to mutually agree on appropriate trade liberalizing compensation in the form of concessions having substantially equivalent trade effects or equivalent to the value of the additional duties expected to result from the safeguard measure. The Party shall provide an opportunity for such consultations no later than 30 days after the application of the bilateral safeguard measure.

2. If the consultations do not result in an agreement within 90 days after the consultations begin, the Party whose goods are subject to the safeguard measure may suspend the application of substantially equivalent concessions to the Party applying the safeguard measure.

3. The right of suspension referred to in the Paragraph shall not be exercised for the first 24 months during which a bilateral safeguard measure is in effect, provided that the safeguard measure conforms to the provisions of this Agreement.

SECTION D

Anti-dumping and countervailing duties

Article 3.5

General Provisions

1. The Parties agree that anti-dumping and countervailing duties should be used in full compliance with the relevant international requirements and should be based on a fair and transparent system as regards proceedings affecting goods originating in the other Party. For this purpose, the Parties shall ensure, immediately after any imposition of provisional measures and in any case before the final determination, full and meaningful disclosure of all essential facts and considerations which form the basis for the decision to apply measures without prejudice. Disclosures shall be made in writing, and allow interested parties sufficient time to make their comments.

2. In order to ensure the maximum efficiency in handling anti-dumping or countervailing duty investigations, and in particular considering the adequate right of defense, the use of English shall be accepted by the Parties for documents filed in anti-dumping or countervailing duty investigations. Nothing in this paragraph shall prevent Türkiye or Iran from requesting a clarification written in Turkish or Persian if:

(a) the meaning of the documents filed is not deemed reasonably clear by the Parties’ investigating authorities for the purposes of the anti-dumping or countervailing duty investigation; and

(b) the request is strictly limited to the part which is not reasonably clear for the purposes of the anti-dumping or countervailing duty investigation.

3. Provided that it does not unnecessarily delay the conduct of the investigation, interested parties shall be granted the opportunity to be heard in order to express their views during the anti-dumping or countervailing duty investigations.

Article 3.6

Notification

1. After receipt by a Party’s competent authorities of a properly documented anti-dumping application with respect to imports from the other Party, and no later than 15 days before initiating an investigation, the Party shall provide written notification to the other Party of its receipt of the application.

2. After receipt by a Party’s competent authorities of a properly documented countervailing duty application with respect to imports from the other Party, and before initiating an investigation, the Party shall provide written notification to the other Party of its receipt of the application and afford the other Party a meeting to consult with its competent authorities regarding the application.

Article 3.7

Consideration of public interests

The Parties shall endeavor to consider the public interests before imposing an anti-dumping or countervailing duty.

Article 3.8

Lesser duty rule

Should a Party decide to impose an anti-dumping or countervailing duty, the amount of such duty shall not exceed the margin of dumping or countervailable subsidies, and it should be less than the margin if such lesser duty would be adequate to remove the injury to the domestic industry.

Article 3.9

Dispute settlement

Neither Party may have recourse to dispute settlement for any matter arising under this Section.

CHAPTER FOUR

TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE

Article 4.1

Affirmation of the principles of technical Barriers to Trade

The Parties affirm their existing rights and obligations with respect to each other under the principles on reducing technical barriers to trade which are incorporated into and made part of this Agreement.

Article 4.2

Marking and labeling

1. The Parties note that a technical regulation may include or deal exclusively with marking or labeling requirements, and agree that where their technical regulations contain mandatory marking or labeling, they will observe that technical regulations should not be prepared with a view to, or with the effect of, creating unnecessary obstacles to international trade, and should not be more trade restrictive than necessary to fulfill a legitimate objective.

2. In Particular, the Parties agree that were a Party to require mandatory marking or labeling of products:

(a) the Party shall endeavor to minimize its requirements for marking or labeling other than marking or labeling relevant to consumers or users of the product. Where labeling for other purposes, for example, for fiscal purposes is required, such a requirement shall be formulated in a manner that is not more trade restrictive than necessary to fulfill a legitimate objective;

(b) the Party may specify the form of labels or markings, but shall not require any prior approval, registration or certification in this regard. This provision is without prejudice to the right of the Party to require prior approval of the specific information to be provided on the label or marking in the light of the relevant domestic regulation;

(c) where the Party requires the use of a unique identification number by economic operators, the Party shall issue such number to the economic operators of the other Party without undue delay and on a non-discriminatory basis; amd

(d) the Party shall remain free to require that the information on the marks or labels be in a specified language. The simultaneous use of other languages shall not be prohibited, provided that, either the information provided in the other languages shall be identical to that provided in the specified language, or that the information provided in the additional language shall not constitute a deceptive statement regarding the product.

3. Notwithstanding this agreement recognizes cultural and religious exceptions covering types of food consumed and ensuring the necessary labels that conform with the religious requirements of the respective communities.

Article 4.3

Market access

1. With respect to market access through the cross-border supply of services, each Party shall accord to services and service suppliers of the other Party treatment no less favorable than that provided for under the terms, limitations, and conditions agreed and specified in the specific commitments made by the Parties.

2. In sectors where market access commitments are undertaken, the measures which a Party shall not adopt or maintain either on the basis of a regional subdivision or on the basis of its entire territory, are defined as:

• (a) limitations on the number of service suppliers whether in the form of numerical quotas, monopolies, exclusive service suppliers or the requirement of an economic needs test (9);
• (b) limitations on the total value of service transactions or assets in the form of numerical quotas or the requirement of an economic needs test; and
• (c) limitations on the total number of service operations or on the total quantity of service output expressed in the terms of designated numerical units in the form of quotas or the requirement of an economic needs test (10).

CHAPTER FIVE

Article 5.1

Rules of interpretation

Any arbitration panel shall interpret the provisions referred to in Article 14.2 in accordance with customary rules of interpretation of public international law, including those codified in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. Where an obligation under this Agreement is identical to an obligation under the proceeding GATT Agreements, the arbitration panel shall adopt an interpretation which is consistent with any relevant interpretation established in rulings of the Dispute Settlement Body (hereinafter referred to as the ‘DSB’). The rulings of the arbitration panel cannot add to or diminish the rights and obligations provided for in the provisions referred to in Article 14.2.

Article 5.2

Arbitration panel decisions and rulings

1. The arbitration panel shall make every effort to take any decision by consensus. Where, nevertheless, a decision cannot be arrived at by consensus, the matter at issue shall be decided by majority vote. In no case shall dissenting opinions of arbitrators be published.

2. Any ruling of the arbitration panel shall be binding on the Parties and shall not create any rights or obligations for natural or legal persons. The ruling shall set out the findings of fact, the applicability of the relevant provisions of this Agreement, and the basic rationale behind any findings and conclusions that it makes. The Trade Committee shall make the arbitration panel rulings publicly available in its entirety unless it decides not to do so.

SECTION D

General Provisions

Article 5.3

List of arbitrators

1. The Trade Committee shall, no later than six months after the entry into force of this Agreement, establish a list of 15 individuals who are willing and able to serve as arbitrators. Each Party shall propose five individuals to serve as arbitrators. The Parties shall also select five individuals who are not nationals of either Party and shall act as a chairperson to the arbitration panel. The Trade Committee will ensure that the list is always maintained at this level.

Security exceptions

Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed:

• (a) to require any Party to furnish any information, the disclosure of which it considers contrary to its essential security interests;
• (b) to prevent any Party from taking any action which it considers necessary for the protection of its essential security interests:
  • (i) connected with the production of or trade in arms, munitions, or war material or relating to economic activities carried out directly or indirectly for the purpose of provisioning a military establishment;
  • (ii) relating to fissionable and fusionable materials or the materials from which they are derived; or
  • (iii) taken in time of war or other emergency in international relations; or
• (c) to prevent any Party from taking any action in order to carry out its international obligations for the purpose of maintaining international peace and security.
  

Article 5.4
Entry into force

1. This Agreement shall be approved by the Parties in accordance with their own procedures.

2. This Agreement shall enter into force 60 days after the date the Parties exchange written notifications certifying that they have completed their respective applicable legal requirements and procedures or on such other date as the Parties may agree.

3. Either Party immediately takes appropriate measures in accordance with international law in case of denunciation of this Agreement not sanctioned by the general rules of international law.

Article 5.5

Relation with other agreements

1. The present Agreement shall be an integral part of the overall bilateral relations.

2. The Parties agree that nothing in this Agreement requires them to act in a manner inconsistent with their obligations under the Global Assembly.

Article 5.6

Territorial application

1. This Agreement shall be provisionally applied from the first day of the month following the date on which Türkiye and Iran have notified each other of the completion of their respective relevant procedures.

2. In the event that certain provisions of this Agreement cannot be provisionally applied, the Party which cannot undertake such a provisional application shall notify the other Party of the provisions which cannot be provisionally applied. Provided the other Party has completed the necessary procedures and does not object to the provisional application within 10 days of the notification that certain provisions cannot be provisionally applied, the provisions of this Agreement which have not been notified shall be provisionally applied on the first day of the month following the notification.

4. A Party may terminate a provisional application by written notice to the other Party. Such termination shall take effect on the first day of the month following notification.

5. Where this Agreement, or certain provisions thereof, is provisionally applied, the term ‘entry into force of this Agreement’ shall be understood to mean the date of provisional application.

Article 5.7
Duration

1. This Agreement shall be valid indefinitely.

2. Either Party may notify in writing the other Party of its intention to denounce this Agreement.

3. The denunciation will take effect nine months after the notification.

Article 5.8

Fulfillment of obligations

1. The Parties shall take any general or specific measures required to fulfill their obligations under this Agreement. They shall see to it that the objectives set out in this Agreement are attained.

2. The Agreement shall apply to the territories in that are recognized as part of Iran by the Global Assembly, on the one hand, and to the territories of Türkiye, which are recognized by the Global Assembly on the other hand.

3. These provisions concerning the tariff treatment of goods, this Agreement shall also apply to those areas of the respective parties' customs territory.

Article 5.8

Authentic texts

This Agreement is drawn up in duplicate in Turkish and Persian, both languages being equally authentic.

Visa Agreement

Agreement between the Republic of Türkiye and the Kingdom of Eran on the Facilitation of Visa-Free Short-Stay Travel​

The Republic of Türkiye and the Kingdom of Eran (hereinafter “the Parties”),

Recognizing the importance of strengthening bilateral ties, promoting people-to-people contacts, and facilitating tourism, trade, cultural exchange, and scientific cooperation;

Recalling the civilizational legacies of Anatolia and the Iranian plateau as cradles of philosophy, science, art, and law that continue to enrich global heritage and inspire cooperation between our nations;

Recognising the deep interconnectedness of Turkish and Iranian societies, reflected in centuries of Silk Road exchange;

Affirming that the border between Türkiye and Eran is a space for dialogue, mutual enrichment, and the free movement of people in pursuit of commerce, education, culture, and kinship;

Acknowledging that the prosperity, stability, and security of both countries depend upon enhanced people-to-people contact, lawful and orderly cross-border mobility, and the facilitation of legitimate travel for tourism, business, study, and family visits;

Determined to institutionalise our historic traditions of hospitality and exchange by establishing a visa-free regime that enables short-stay travel for nationals of each Party while safeguarding public order and security;

Convinced that visa-free travel between Türkiye and Eran will deepen economic vitality, foster cultural understanding, and strengthen political trust, thereby contributing to lasting peace and prosperity in our region;

Resolved to create a framework that balances the free movement of persons with effective cooperation on border management, document security, and the prevention of illegal migration, and that reflects our mutual commitment to openness, solidarity, and the common good.

Desiring to establish a framework for visa-free travel for their respective nationals;

Have agreed as follows:

Article 1
Purpose and Scope

1.1 This Agreement establishes a visa-free regime for short-stay travel by nationals of the Parties, subject to the conditions and limitations set out herein.

1.2 This Agreement covers stays of up to ninety days in any one hundred-eighty-day period for tourism, business, cultural, scientific, or family visits.

Article 2
Definitions

For the purposes of this Agreement:

• “Nationals” means persons holding a valid passport issued by the competent authorities of Türkiye or the Kingdom of Eran.
• “Passport” means a machine-readable travel document, biometric or non-biometric, issued by one Party to its nationals for the purpose of international travel.
• “Short-stay” means a stay not exceeding ninety days in total within any rolling one hundred-eighty-day period, irrespective of the number or duration of individual visits.
• “Rolling one hundred-eighty-day period” means the period beginning on the date of each entry and ending one hundred eighty days thereafter, calculated retrospectively for each additional entry.
• “Entry” means the act of crossing the external border of one Party’s territory to enter its territory, subject to control by its border authorities.
• “Exit” means the act of crossing the external border of one Party’s territory to leave its territory, subject to control by its border authorities.
• “Border authorities” means the immigration, customs, and other officials authorized by each Party to carry out entry, exit, transit checks, and document verification.
• “Short-stay” means a stay not exceeding ninety days in any rolling one hundred-eighty-day period.
• “Sufficient means of subsistence” means evidence, in the form of cash, traveller’s cheques, credit cards, or any other proof acceptable to border authorities, that a short-stay visitor possesses enough funds to cover accommodation, living expenses, and return or onward travel.
• “Travel health insurance” means a health insurance policy or equivalent guarantee covering all risks, including emergency medical treatment, hospitalization, and repatriation, for the entire duration of the short-stay.

Article 3
Visa-Free Entry and Stay

3.1 Nationals of each Party holding a valid passport may enter, transit through, and stay in the other Party’s territory without a visa for short-stay purposes.

3.2 Entry shall be permitted upon presentation of:

• A passport valid for at least three months after the intended date of departure;
• Proof of sufficient means of subsistence;
• Evidence of onward or return travel;
• Travel health insurance covering all risks for the duration of the stay.

Article 4
Duration and Calculation of Stay

4.1 The total duration of all short-stays shall not exceed ninety days within any one hundred-eighty-day period.

4.2 The one hundred-eighty-day period shall be calculated retrospectively from the date of each entry.

Article 5
Entry and Exit Procedures

5.1 Border authorities shall stamp passports upon entry and exit or record travel data electronically.

5.2 The absence of an entry or exit stamp shall not prejudice the calculation of permitted stay if reliable electronic data is available.

5.3 Border authorities shall act in a non-discriminatory manner and respect human dignity during all checks.

Article 6
Rights and Obligations of Short-Stay Visitors

6.1 Short-stay visitors may engage in tourism, business negotiations, cultural events, scientific conferences, family visits, and other permitted non-remunerative activities.

6.2 Visitors shall not engage in gainful employment or any activity requiring a work permit.

6.3 Visitors must leave the territory of the host Party before the expiry of their permitted stay.

Article 7
Refusal of Entry and Appeal

7.1 Entry may be refused on grounds of national security, public policy, public health, or incomplete documentation.

7.2 Decisions to refuse entry shall be communicated in writing, stating reasons and information on the right to appeal in accordance with domestic law.

Article 8
Data Protection and Information Exchange

8.1 The Parties shall exchange data on overstayers, document fraud, and security alerts through secure channels.

8.2 Each Party shall process personal data in accordance with its data-protection legislation and relevant international standards.

Article 9
Cooperation on Illegal Immigration and Document Security

9.1 The Parties shall cooperate to prevent, detect, and combat illegal immigration and document forgery.

9.2 Joint training programs, technical assistance, and the exchange of best practices may be conducted to enhance border-management capacities.

Article 10
Suspension and Review

10.1 Either Party may temporarily suspend visa-free travel for nationals of the other Party on grounds of serious public-policy or public-health threats, after prior notification and consultations.

10.2 The Parties may review the implementation of this Agreement every two years and may propose amendments by mutual consent.

Article 11
Implementation and Entry into Force

11.1 The Parties shall notify each other in writing of the completion of their internal procedures required for the entry into force of this Agreement.

11.2 This Agreement shall enter into force on the thirtieth day following the date of the later notification.

Done at Ankara on 15 May 2007, in two authentic copies in the Turkish, Persian, and English languages, all texts being equally authentic. In case of divergence, the English text shall prevail.

For the Republic of Türkiye Minister of Foreign Affairs

For the Kingdom of Eran Minister of Foreign Affairs

Intelligence/Defense Agreement

Intelligence Sharing Agreement between the Republic of Türkiye and the Kingdom of Èran​

The Republic of Türkiye and the Kingdom of Eran (hereinafter “the Parties”),

Recognizing the mutual interest in preserving regional security, stability, and the rule of law;

Determined to prevent and suppress the activities of the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK), the Party for a Free Life in Kurdistan (PJAK), and all other manifestations of terrorism along their common border region and beyond;

Desiring to share intelligence, conduct joint operational measures, and foster broader regional cooperation against terrorism;

Affirming that this Agreement does not create an alliance or collective defense obligation, nor does it bind either Party to respond to threats unrelated to terrorism as defined herein;

Have agreed as follows:

Article 1
Purpose and Scope

1.1 This Agreement establishes a framework for intelligence sharing, joint action, and regional cooperation against the PKK, PJAK, and other terrorist groups, solely in connection with terrorist threats on or emanating from the Parties’ mutual border region.

1.2 The measures set out in this Agreement shall apply exclusively to terrorism as defined in Article 2 and shall not be construed to cover activities by non-state actors whose objectives do not involve violence or intimidation for political ends.

Article 2
Definitions

For the purposes of this Agreement:

(a) “Terrorist organization” means any non-state entity designated by either Party that engages in, plans, or finances acts of violence against civilian or governmental targets to achieve political, ideological, or religious objectives.

(b) “Designated groups” means at a minimum the PKK and PJAK, as well as any additional entities the Parties may agree in writing to add to an agreed list.

(c) “Intelligence” means information of strategic or operational value related to terrorism, including but not limited to organizational structure, leadership, logistics, financing, training sites, and planned operations.

(d) “Joint operations” means coordinated or combined law enforcement or military activities conducted by both Parties to prevent, interdict, or dismantle terrorist threats.

Article 3
Intelligence Sharing

3.1 Each Party shall, through secure channels, promptly exchange intelligence related to the activities, movements, and capabilities of designated terrorist groups operating in the border region.

3.2 Intelligence exchanges shall include:

• Strategic assessments;
• Operational alerts;
• Capture or neutralization of key individuals;
• Interception of weapons or funds;
• Safe-haven or logistics network information.

3.3 Each Party shall protect the confidentiality of shared intelligence in accordance with its domestic laws and shall not disclose such information to third parties without prior written consent.

Article 4
Joint Operational Measures

4.1 The Parties agree to establish joint border coordination centers in Van (Türkiye) and Tabriz (Eran), staffed by liaison officers from both sides, to plan and oversee joint patrols, raids, and interdiction efforts.

4.2 In response to credible intelligence of imminent terrorist activity, the Parties may conduct combined operations under mutually agreed rules of engagement and command protocols.

4.3 Each Party retains full command authority over its personnel and shall bear responsibility for actions of its own forces.

Article 5
Regional Cooperation

5.1 The Parties may invite other regional partners to observe or participate in joint exercises, training programs, and information-sharing forums related to border security and counter-terrorism.

Article 6
Exceptions and Non-Applicability

6.1 Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed as:

• Creating a collective defense obligation or an alliance;
• Restricting either Party’s sovereign right to deploy its forces or enter into other security partnerships;
• Binding either Party to respond to threats or conflicts outside the scope of terrorism as defined in Article 2.

6.2 This Agreement does not affect the Parties’ rights and obligations under international law, including the GA Charter and human rights treaties.

Article 7
Implementation Mechanisms

7.1 Within thirty days of entry into force, the Parties shall establish:

• A 24/7 secure hotline linking respective national security councils;
• Two special representatives on counter-terrorism, each accredited at their missions and reporting to their respective foreign ministries;

7.2 The Parties may form technical working groups on finance, technology, legal cooperation, and border management to support the steering committee.

Article 8
Consultations and Review

8.1 The Parties shall meet at least once a year at the ministerial level to evaluate the effectiveness of this Agreement and consider amendments.

8.2 Either Party may request an extraordinary consultation within ten days if urgent operational or legal matters arise.

Article 9
Confidentiality

All deliberations, documents, and information exchanged under this Agreement shall be treated as confidential and shall not be disclosed without the express consent of both Parties, except as required by domestic law.

Article 10
Entry into Force, Duration, and Termination

10.1 This Agreement shall enter into force thirty days after the date of signature.

10.2 It shall remain in force for an initial period of five years and shall be automatically extended for successive five-year terms unless terminated by either Party with ninety days’ written notice.

10.3 Termination of the Agreement shall not affect the Parties’ obligations with respect to confidentiality for information already exchanged.

Article 11
Amendments

Amendments shall be made by written exchange of notes and shall enter into force on the date agreed by the Parties.
Article 12
Settlement of Disputes

Any dispute concerning the interpretation or application of this Agreement shall be settled by consultation or negotiation between the Parties.

Article 13
Authentic Texts

This Agreement is drawn up in the Turkish, Persian, and English languages, each text being equally authentic. In case of divergence, the English text shall prevail.

Done in Ankara and Mehran on this 15th day of May 2007, in two originals.

For the Republic of Türkiye, Minister of Foreign Affairs

For the Kingdom of Eran, Minister of Foreign Affairs

DukeofBread