- May 4, 2021
- 2,954
Published by Parliament
Welfare State Act
Southeast Asia Security and Stability Act
The Republic Government Measure on Southeast Asia's Security and Stability Act, B.E. 2544 (2001)
The Parliament of the Republic of Thailand
1st May 2544 (2001)
(Thaksin Shinawatra)
Prime Minister
Southeast Asia Security and Stability Act
The Republic Government Measure on Southeast Asia's Security and Stability Act, B.E. 2545 (2002)
The Parliament of the Republic of Thailand
4th Febuary 2545 (2002)
(Thaksin Shinawatra)
Prime Minister
Southeast Asia Security and Stability Act
The Republic Government Measure on Southeast Asia's Security and Stability Act, B.E. 2546 (2003)
The Parliament of the Republic of Thailand
11th May 2546 (2003)
(Thaksin Shinawatra)
Prime Minister
Published by the Office of the Prime Minister
TREATY OF AMITY
BETWEEN
THE REPUBLIC OF THAILAND
AND
THE IMPERIAL STATE OF THE CONGO
The Premier of the Republic of Thailand and His Majesty the Emperor of Congo, inspired by a desire to develop peaceful and amicable ties between the two nations, have agreed to sign an amity treaty, for which they have designated the following individuals as their Representatives:
The Premier of the Republic of Thailand
Sopa Pimolkittikool, Thai Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the Imperial State of the Congo
His Majesty the Emperor of Congo
Zakia Akinyemi, Chief of Navy of the Imperial State of Congo
who, after exchanging credentials that were proven to be in working order, have agreed towards the following:
Article one: Both Contracting Parties agree to maintain peaceful and amicable relations and mutual respect for one another's territorial integrity and inviolability.
Article two: If one of the Contracting Parties is the target of hostilities by one or more third powers, the other Contracting Party will give political and military assistance where necessary
Article three: Both Contracting Parties are convinced that any settlement of differences or disputes between the Contracting Parties should be discussed at the diplomatic level, governed by rational, effective, and suitably flexible procedures, and should avoid unfavorable attitudes that could endanger both Contracting Parties.
Article four: Both Contracting Parties want to provide a stable platform for collaborative action to boost international cooperation between the two High Contracting Parties.
Article five: Both Contracting Parties acknowledge that their nations share primary responsibility for regional stability and peaceful and progressive national development and they are committed to maintaining such stability.
Article six: Both Contracting Parties confirm that any interference in the other party's national politics or policies must be done through careful consideration and without causing damage to their relationship.
Article seven: The current treaty becomes effective when both Contracting Parties ratify it, and it is active until one side terminates it.
Article eight: The current Pact has to be ratified as quickly as feasible. The ratification instruments will be exchanged in Kinshasa as soon as feasible.
In testimony whereof, the above-named Representatives have signed and affixed their seals to the present Pact in two copies, written up in Thai and Congolese languages.
Done in Kinshasa on January 7, 2000.
Sopa Pimolkittikool
Zakia Akinyemi
This Agreement for Student Exchange Program ("Agreement") is entered into as of the date of last signature below between The Republic of Thailand ("Thailand") and The United Kingdom ("UK"). Thailand and UK agree to establish a reciprocal student exchange program for the education and cultural enrichment of Thailand and UK ("Parties.") universities under the following terms:
1. Each institution in the UK agrees to send individual students for a semester or an academic year to each institution in Thailand. Each institution in Thailand agrees to send individual students for a semester or an academic year to each institution in the UK.
2. During the term of this agreement, each UK and Thailand university may send up to five (5) students per calendar year, including graduate students, to be enrolled at the other universities. The number of students may be modified from time to time by mutual agreement.
3. Students participating in this exchange shall be exempt from paying tuition and regular academic fees that typically apply to the host institution. The student shall pay whatever fees are required of them by their home institution to participate in the program and any special fees that may apply to them at the host institution. An example of a special fee is the cleaning fee of $5, which only students in the Thailand university must pay. The host institution must provide information regarding such special fees in advance.
4. Under the terms of this Agreement, each university shall make reasonable efforts to assist participating students in suitable housing. The payment of such housing, together with the payment for all travel, medical insurance, medical costs not covered by insurance, food, subsistence costs, books, and other educational materials, shall be the sole responsibility of the UK. Neither home nor host university shall be held liable for any such charges. Students selected shall satisfy the home university they have adequate funds for transportation to and from the host university and subsistence. Students must also provide any financial documentation the host universities require for visa purposes. Obtaining and maintaining appropriate visa status is the responsibility of the student. The host institution will provide documentation and forms as necessary.
5. Participating students will be selected by their home institution based on the following criteria. There may be exceptions in appropriate cases.
The student shall:
a. Be citizens or permanent residents of the country of their home university, or hold a valid temporary resident visa for that country.
b. Have completed at least one (1) year of full-time study at the home institution.
Requirement
1. For those exchange students who wish to attend Thai Language programs at the Department of Thai, they are required to submit the Thai language test and be fluent in all four language skills — listening, speaking, reading and writing.
2. Please note that each program/faculty has its own requirements which all students have to abide by and they have to carefully go through these requirements. Some programs strictly require a language certificate but for some programs, language requirements are flexible. Thus, the OIA decided to recommend that all students have an IELTS or TOEFL score record as mentioned
Documents
1. A student’s passport photo on white background
2. Two reference letters from academic advisors
3. An official academic transcript (to be issued by the institution the students are attending)
4. An English proficiency score record (for non-native speakers of English)
5. A copy of the first page of the passport
6. A Statement of Purpose (SOP) of 500-800 words
7. A list of the courses offered by the university that the students wish to attend (Wishlist)
6. Under the terms of this Agreement, participating students are required to meet the admissions requirements of the host university. The Universities will make every effort to forward applications for exchange at least four (4) months before the academic term starts. Each university reserves the right to reject candidates, in which case further candidates may be proposed. The exact program of study will be determined by the student with the approval of academic advisers at both the home and host institutions.
7. Exchange students may apply to any academic program offered at the host institution, but the host institution reserves the right to exclude students from programs with restricted enrollment. All students will remain enrolled as regular degree candidates at the home institution and they will not be enrolled as candidates for degrees at the host institution. Credits toward the students’ degrees are to be awarded by the home institution. Students are expected to maintain the equivalent of a full-time course load at the host institution.
8. The cooperating institutions will provide each other with adequate information on the performance of participating students, including a transcript (or its equivalent) as soon as practicable after the students complete the exchange.
9. Students participating under the terms of this Agreement shall be subject to the rules, regulations, and codes of conduct of the host institution. The host institution shall have the right to terminate the exchange program with respect to any student who violates the host university’s
policies or rules.
Exchange students will have the rights and privileges enjoyed by other students on the host campus. In addition, neither institution may discriminate (as defined by Thailand laws) against a student based on race, color, religion, sex, disability, national origin, sexual
orientation, age, or veteran’s status.
10. Students participating under the terms of this Agreement shall be entitled to participate in any introductory courses or programs that may customarily be arranged for foreign students at the host institution.
11. The relationship of the Parties to this Agreement is that of independent contractors.
12. This Agreement may be modified at any time in writing and signed by Parties.
13. This Agreement shall take effect as of the 2000-2005 academic year and be valid for five (5) years. During the fourth year, renewal for an additional five (5) year period will be considered. Parties may, by notice in writing of no less than six (6) months, terminate this Agreement. However, any students who have commenced their exchange experience at either university at the date of termination may complete their courses of study.
14. Neither Parties may assign any of its rights or delegate its duties under this Agreement without the written consent of the other party.
15. The UK shall indemnify and save harmless Thailand university, its
officers, its agents, and its employees from all loss, cost, and expense arising out of any liability or claim of liability for injury or damages to persons or property sustained or claimed to have been sustained by any one whomsoever, because of the performance of this Agreement, by any act or omission of Thailand or any of its officers, agents, employees, guests, patrons, or invitees. The UK shall pay for all damage to the property of Thailand university, or loss or theft of such property, done or caused by such persons. (Vice versa)
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the authorized representatives of the Parties have executed this Agreement on the date(s) indicated below:
Article 1: Transportation Infrastructure: The Parties shall collaborate on the development, modernization, and enhancement of transportation infrastructure, focusing on projects such as the Mass Rapid Transit Master Plan in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region and the Double-Track Railway Initiative Projects. This collaboration shall involve sharing technical expertise, best practices, and experiences in planning, financing, constructing, and maintaining efficient, safe, and sustainable transportation systems.
Articl 2: Renewable Energy: The Parties shall promote cooperation in the field of renewable energy, including sharing expertise, technology, and best practices in the research, development, production, and deployment of clean, sustainable, and cost-effective energy sources, with an emphasis on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and fostering energy security and independence.
Article 3: Technology: The Parties shall work together in the field of technology, encouraging innovation, research, and development in sectors such as telecommunications, information technology, artificial intelligence, and other emerging technologies, with a view to promoting digital transformation, enhancing productivity and competitiveness, and addressing global challenges.
Article 4: Tourism: The Parties shall collaborate on initiatives aimed at boosting tourism between their nations, including the development of joint promotional campaigns, exchange of best practices, investment in tourism infrastructure, and facilitation of travel through visa facilitation and other supportive measures.
Article 5: Food and Beverage Industry: The Parties shall foster cooperation in the food and beverage industry, exploring opportunities for joint ventures, technology transfer, and exchange of culinary expertise and traditions, with a view to promoting the growth and diversification of this sector, as well as enhancing food security and quality standards.
Article 6: Fashion and Textile Industries: The Parties shall collaborate in the fashion and textile industries, promoting bilateral trade, exchange of knowledge, joint ventures, and capacity-building initiatives, with a view to fostering innovation, enhancing market access, and supporting the development of environmentally sustainable and socially responsible practices.
Article 7: Additional Areas of Cooperation: The Parties shall endeavor to identify and pursue other areas of cooperation that may arise from time to time, in accordance with their respective national interests and priorities, and the evolving global context. Such areas may include but are not limited to, education, culture, health, environment, defense, and security.
Done in duplicate, in the Spanish and Thai languages, both texts being equally authentic.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the authorized representatives of the Parties have executed this Agreement on the date(s) indicated below:
Welfare State Act
Southeast Asia Security and Stability Act
The Republic Government Measure on Southeast Asia's Security and Stability Act, B.E. 2544 (2001)
The Parliament of the Republic of Thailand
1st May 2544 (2001)
The Parliament of Thailand is graciously pleased to proclaim that: Whereas it is expedient to have the law on the Thai Government's Measure on Southeast Asia's Security and Stability;
Be it, therefore, agreed by the majority of the parliament as follows:
Be it, therefore, agreed by the majority of the parliament as follows:
Section 1. This Act is called the “Southeast Asia Security and Stability Act, B.E. 2544 (2001)”
Section 2. This Act shall come into force after the date of its publication in the Government Gazette.
Section 3. In this Act:
Section 2. This Act shall come into force after the date of its publication in the Government Gazette.
Section 3. In this Act:
"Security" means the quality or state of being secure from danger or threat.
"Stability" means the quality or state of such region or country is stable.
"Stability" means the quality or state of such region or country is stable.
Section 4. The Prime Minister shall have charge and control of the execution of this Act and shall have the power to issue Ministerial Regulations for the execution of this Act. Such Ministerial Regulation shall come into force upon its publication in the Government Gazette.
Section 5. The Parliament of Thailand shall have charge and control of the execution of this Act and shall have the power to issue Ministerial Regulations for the execution of this Act when the majority of the parliament agrees with the resolution.
Section 5. The Parliament of Thailand shall have charge and control of the execution of this Act and shall have the power to issue Ministerial Regulations for the execution of this Act when the majority of the parliament agrees with the resolution.
CHAPTER I
Information Disclosure
Information Disclosure
Section 7. A State agency shall at least publish the following official information in the Government Gazette:
(1) the structure and organization of its operation;
(2) the summary of important powers and duties and operational methods;
(3) a contacting address to contact the State agency to request and obtain information or advice;
(4) by-laws, resolutions of the Council of Ministers, regulations, orders, circulars, Rules, work patterns, policies, or interpretations only insofar as they are made or issued to have the same force as by-laws and intended to be of general application to private individuals concerned.
Section 8. If the information which must be published under section 7 (4) has not yet been published in the Government Gazette, may not be relied on in a manner unfavorable to any person unless such person has had actual knowledge thereof for a reasonable period.(2) the summary of important powers and duties and operational methods;
(3) a contacting address to contact the State agency to request and obtain information or advice;
(4) by-laws, resolutions of the Council of Ministers, regulations, orders, circulars, Rules, work patterns, policies, or interpretations only insofar as they are made or issued to have the same force as by-laws and intended to be of general application to private individuals concerned.
CHAPTER II
Intervention in Southeast Asia
Intervention in Southeast Asia
The aftermath of the dissolution of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has brought down the region to suffer strife and a decline in diplomatic commitment, along with the political turmoil in the regional leader, Indonesia, which has brought down such nation to frequent power shifting. Thailand's 1998 Thai Revolution, which saw the end of the constitutional monarchy and the beginning of the republican era, was also a result of the ASEAN predicaments and influence from restlessness in Indonesia. Thailand, a new regional leader of Southeast Asia, must maintain the status quo in the region and uphold security and stability.
Section 9. The Republic of Thailand will widen its intelligence operation from the neighboring countries to cover every state in the region by
(1) The National Intelligence Agency (NIA) must designate local operation-responsible areas within the nations of Southeast Asia and establish an operation branch to cover each country;
(2) The NIA must operate within the task of maintaining the status quo inside the responsible area and prevent any terrorism chance or risk that can damage the interest of the Thai Government, its people, and the nations of Southeast Asia.
(2) The NIA must operate within the task of maintaining the status quo inside the responsible area and prevent any terrorism chance or risk that can damage the interest of the Thai Government, its people, and the nations of Southeast Asia.
Section 10. The Government of Thailand must support democratic and peaceful solutions to disputes within the region and must maintain the status quo by
(1) The Thai Government must support any transition of the current status quo within the region into more democratic ways;
(2) The Thai Government must act as an intermediary to disputes within the region, not be biased or lean to any side.
(2) The Thai Government must act as an intermediary to disputes within the region, not be biased or lean to any side.
Section 11. In the case of military aggression by one country against another, the Thai Government must take measures by
(1) The Thai Government must put sanctions on the aggressor to damage its economy, supplies, and military operational capabilities;
(2) The Thai Government must encourage international sanction on the aggressor, particularly from the country within Southeast Asia;
(3) If the aggressor refuses to cease their military hostility or occupation, the Thai Government must consider sending military expeditionary forces into the defending country to threaten the aggressor and prevent them from further aggression;
(4) If the aggressor insists on continuing their hostility or occupation, the Prime Minister of Thailand shall able to call the parliament to authorize official military operation against the aggressor.
(2) The Thai Government must encourage international sanction on the aggressor, particularly from the country within Southeast Asia;
(3) If the aggressor refuses to cease their military hostility or occupation, the Thai Government must consider sending military expeditionary forces into the defending country to threaten the aggressor and prevent them from further aggression;
(4) If the aggressor insists on continuing their hostility or occupation, the Prime Minister of Thailand shall able to call the parliament to authorize official military operation against the aggressor.
Section 12. The Thai Government must ensure that the nations of Southeast Asia are free from interference and be independent, whether it is from another country inside or outside the region by
(1) The Thai Government must monitor the diplomatic contact of each country to have a fundamental knowledge of any potential danger to the security and stability of the region.
(2) The Thai Government must prevent any country that deems to meddle or interfering with the status quo of Southeast Asia and must not influence the action of any nation within the region.
(2) The Thai Government must prevent any country that deems to meddle or interfering with the status quo of Southeast Asia and must not influence the action of any nation within the region.
(Thaksin Shinawatra)
Prime Minister
Southeast Asia Security and Stability Act
The Republic Government Measure on Southeast Asia's Security and Stability Act, B.E. 2545 (2002)
The Parliament of the Republic of Thailand
4th Febuary 2545 (2002)
The Parliament of Thailand is graciously pleased to proclaim that: Whereas it is expedient to have the law on the Thai Government's Measure on Southeast Asia's Security and Stability;
Be it, therefore, agreed by the majority of the parliament as follows:
Be it, therefore, agreed by the majority of the parliament as follows:
Section 1. This Act is called the “Southeast Asia Security and Stability Act, B.E. 2545 (2002)”
Section 2. This Act shall come into force after the date of its publication in the Government Gazette.
Section 3. In this Act:
Section 2. This Act shall come into force after the date of its publication in the Government Gazette.
Section 3. In this Act:
"Security" means the quality or state of being secure from danger or threat.
"Stability" means the quality or state of such region or country is stable.
"Stability" means the quality or state of such region or country is stable.
Section 4. The Prime Minister shall have charge and control of the execution of this Act and shall have the power to issue Ministerial Regulations for the execution of this Act. Such Ministerial Regulation shall come into force upon its publication in the Government Gazette.
Section 5. The Parliament of Thailand shall have charge and control of the execution of this Act and shall have the power to issue Ministerial Regulations for the execution of this Act when the majority of the parliament agrees with the resolution.
Section 6. Superseding and Succession of Authority
Section 5. The Parliament of Thailand shall have charge and control of the execution of this Act and shall have the power to issue Ministerial Regulations for the execution of this Act when the majority of the parliament agrees with the resolution.
Section 6. Superseding and Succession of Authority
(1) This Act, upon its enactment, shall supersede and replace any previous acts, regulations, or authorities that may conflict with or contradict the provisions contained herein;
(2) The Thai Parliament and the Prime Minister shall exercise their powers and responsibilities in accordance with this Act, ensuring the effective implementation of its provisions for the purpose of promoting stability, security, and non-interference in Southeast Asia;
(3) Any amendments or revisions to this Act shall follow due parliamentary process and be enacted in accordance with the Constitution of the Republic of Thailand, ensuring that the principles of stability, security, and non-interference continue to guide the nation's approach to Southeast Asian affairs.
(2) The Thai Parliament and the Prime Minister shall exercise their powers and responsibilities in accordance with this Act, ensuring the effective implementation of its provisions for the purpose of promoting stability, security, and non-interference in Southeast Asia;
(3) Any amendments or revisions to this Act shall follow due parliamentary process and be enacted in accordance with the Constitution of the Republic of Thailand, ensuring that the principles of stability, security, and non-interference continue to guide the nation's approach to Southeast Asian affairs.
CHAPTER I
Information Disclosure
Information Disclosure
Section 7. A State agency shall at least publish the following official information in the Government Gazette:
(1) the structure and organization of its operation;
(2) the summary of important powers and duties and operational methods;
(3) a contacting address to contact the State agency to request and obtain information or advice;
(4) by-laws, resolutions of the Council of Ministers, regulations, orders, circulars, Rules, work patterns, policies, or interpretations only insofar as they are made or issued to have the same force as by-laws and intended to be of general application to private individuals concerned.
Section 8. If the information which must be published under section 7 (4) has not yet been published in the Government Gazette, may not be relied on in a manner unfavorable to any person unless such person has had actual knowledge thereof for a reasonable period.(2) the summary of important powers and duties and operational methods;
(3) a contacting address to contact the State agency to request and obtain information or advice;
(4) by-laws, resolutions of the Council of Ministers, regulations, orders, circulars, Rules, work patterns, policies, or interpretations only insofar as they are made or issued to have the same force as by-laws and intended to be of general application to private individuals concerned.
CHAPTER II
Intervention in Southeast Asia
Intervention in Southeast Asia
The aftermath of the dissolution of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has brought down the region to suffer strife and a decline in diplomatic commitment, along with the political turmoil in the regional leader, Indonesia, which has brought down such nation to frequent power shifting. Thailand's 1998 Thai Revolution, which saw the end of the constitutional monarchy and the beginning of the republican era, was also a result of the ASEAN predicaments and influence from restlessness in Indonesia. Thailand, a new regional leader of Southeast Asia, must maintain the status quo in the region and uphold security and stability.
Section 9. The Republic of Thailand will widen its intelligence operation from the neighboring countries to cover every state in the region by
(1) The National Intelligence Agency (NIA) must designate local operation-responsible areas within the nations of Southeast Asia and establish an operation branch to cover each country;
(2) The NIA must operate within the task of maintaining the status quo inside the responsible area and prevent any terrorism chance or risk that can damage the interest of the Thai Government, its people, and the nations of Southeast Asia.
(2) The NIA must operate within the task of maintaining the status quo inside the responsible area and prevent any terrorism chance or risk that can damage the interest of the Thai Government, its people, and the nations of Southeast Asia.
Section 10. The Government of Thailand must support democratic and peaceful solutions to disputes within the region and must maintain the status quo by
(1) The Thai Government must support any transition of the current status quo within the region into more democratic ways;
(2) The Thai Government must act as an intermediary to disputes within the region, not be biased or lean to any side.
(2) The Thai Government must act as an intermediary to disputes within the region, not be biased or lean to any side.
Section 11. In the case of military aggression by one country against another, the Thai Government must take measures by
(1) The Thai Government must put sanctions on the aggressor to damage its economy, supplies, and military operational capabilities;
(2) The Thai Government must encourage international sanction on the aggressor, particularly from the country within Southeast Asia;
(3) If the aggressor refuses to cease their military hostility or occupation, the Thai Government must consider sending military expeditionary forces into the defending country to threaten the aggressor and prevent them from further aggression;
(4) If the aggressor insists on continuing their hostility or occupation, the Prime Minister of Thailand shall able to call the parliament to authorize official military operation against the aggressor.
(2) The Thai Government must encourage international sanction on the aggressor, particularly from the country within Southeast Asia;
(3) If the aggressor refuses to cease their military hostility or occupation, the Thai Government must consider sending military expeditionary forces into the defending country to threaten the aggressor and prevent them from further aggression;
(4) If the aggressor insists on continuing their hostility or occupation, the Prime Minister of Thailand shall able to call the parliament to authorize official military operation against the aggressor.
Section 12. The Thai Government must ensure that the nations of Southeast Asia are free from interference and be independent, whether it is from another country inside or outside the region by
(1) The Thai Government must monitor the diplomatic contact of each country to have a fundamental knowledge of any potential danger to the security and stability of the region.
(2) The Thai Government must prevent any country that deems to meddle or interfering with the status quo of Southeast Asia and must not influence the action of any nation within the region.
(3) In the event that a nation is found to be interfering in the affairs of Southeast Asian countries, the Thai Parliament or the Prime Minister shall consider the following measures:
(2) The Thai Government must prevent any country that deems to meddle or interfering with the status quo of Southeast Asia and must not influence the action of any nation within the region.
(3) In the event that a nation is found to be interfering in the affairs of Southeast Asian countries, the Thai Parliament or the Prime Minister shall consider the following measures:
(a) Engaging in diplomatic dialogue with the interfering nation to address concerns and seek a peaceful resolution;
(b) Collaborating with other Southeast Asian nations to jointly condemn and counteract the interfering nation's actions;
(c) Imposing economic, political, or other sanctions on the interfering nation, either unilaterally or in conjunction with regional partners;
(d) Mobilizing international support and cooperation to address the interference, including lobbying for resolutions or actions within international organizations, such as the Global Assembly;
(e) If deemed necessary, and only as a last resort, authorizing the use of military force or other coercive measures to counter the interference and protect the sovereignty and independence of Southeast Asian nations.
(b) Collaborating with other Southeast Asian nations to jointly condemn and counteract the interfering nation's actions;
(c) Imposing economic, political, or other sanctions on the interfering nation, either unilaterally or in conjunction with regional partners;
(d) Mobilizing international support and cooperation to address the interference, including lobbying for resolutions or actions within international organizations, such as the Global Assembly;
(e) If deemed necessary, and only as a last resort, authorizing the use of military force or other coercive measures to counter the interference and protect the sovereignty and independence of Southeast Asian nations.
Section 13. Participation and Interference of Non-Southeast Asian Nations
(1) In the event that a nation outside of Southeast Asia seeks to interfere or participate in the affairs of Southeast Asian countries, the Prime Minister may call upon the Parliament to grant authority for such involvement;
(2) The Parliament reserves the right to deny or approve the involvement of a non-Southeast Asian nation in regional affairs, considering the best interests of the nations in the region;
(3) If the Parliament denies the involvement of a non-Southeast Asian nation, they may invoke Section 12 to prevent interference and protect the sovereignty, security, and stability of Southeast Asian nations.
(2) The Parliament reserves the right to deny or approve the involvement of a non-Southeast Asian nation in regional affairs, considering the best interests of the nations in the region;
(3) If the Parliament denies the involvement of a non-Southeast Asian nation, they may invoke Section 12 to prevent interference and protect the sovereignty, security, and stability of Southeast Asian nations.
Section 14. Diplomatic Efforts, Regional Cooperation, and Trust-Building Measures
(1) The Thai Government shall prioritize diplomatic efforts and dialogue with regional partners to resolve disputes, address security challenges, and enhance cooperation among Southeast Asian nations. Peaceful negotiation and compromise shall be the guiding principles in managing regional affairs.
(2) In order to foster regional cooperation and trust-building measures, the Thai Government shall:
(2) In order to foster regional cooperation and trust-building measures, the Thai Government shall:
(a) Initiate or participate in regular high-level dialogues and multilateral meetings with regional partners to discuss common concerns, share perspectives, and explore opportunities for collaboration;
(b) Encourage and facilitate people-to-people exchanges, including academic, cultural, and professional exchanges, to promote mutual understanding and foster goodwill among Southeast Asian nations;
(c) Support joint projects, exercises, or initiatives that aim to strengthen regional capabilities in areas such as disaster response, maritime security, and counter-terrorism;
(d) Advocate for the creation or enhancement of regional mechanisms or institutions dedicated to promoting peace, stability, and cooperation in Southeast Asia, such as conflict prevention, early warning systems, and confidence-building measures.
(b) Encourage and facilitate people-to-people exchanges, including academic, cultural, and professional exchanges, to promote mutual understanding and foster goodwill among Southeast Asian nations;
(c) Support joint projects, exercises, or initiatives that aim to strengthen regional capabilities in areas such as disaster response, maritime security, and counter-terrorism;
(d) Advocate for the creation or enhancement of regional mechanisms or institutions dedicated to promoting peace, stability, and cooperation in Southeast Asia, such as conflict prevention, early warning systems, and confidence-building measures.
(3) Before resorting to economic, political, or military measures, the Thai Government shall exhaust all diplomatic channels and make every effort to find peaceful and mutually acceptable solutions to regional disputes or challenges. Only when diplomatic options have been fully explored and deemed ineffective should the Thai Government consider other measures as outlined in Sections 11 and 12 of this Act.
Section 15. Strengthening Regional Collaboration through Regional Organizations and Forums
(1) The Thai Government recognizes the importance of regional organizations and forums in promoting security, stability, and cooperation among Southeast Asian nations. In this regard, the government shall actively seek opportunities to establish or revitalize such organizations or forums, with the aim of fostering collective efforts to address regional challenges and enhance collaboration.
(2) To promote the establishment or revitalization of regional organizations or forums, the Thai Government shall:
(2) To promote the establishment or revitalization of regional organizations or forums, the Thai Government shall:
(a) Engage in dialogue and consultations with regional partners to identify shared priorities, goals, and strategies for enhancing regional security, stability, and cooperation;
(b) Advocate for the creation of a new organization or the reformation of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) that is focused on addressing contemporary challenges and opportunities in the region, with an emphasis on a cooperative, inclusive, and consensus-based approach;
(c) Encourage and facilitate the participation of all Southeast Asian nations in such organizations or forums, ensuring that the interests and perspectives of all member states are adequately represented and respected;
(d) Support the development and implementation of regional initiatives, policies, and agreements that aim to strengthen regional security, stability, and cooperation, including initiatives related to trade, investment, infrastructure, environment, and human rights;
(e) Allocate appropriate resources and personnel to ensure the active and meaningful participation of Thailand in these organizations or forums, and collaborate with other member states to develop and maintain the necessary institutional capacities for effective regional cooperation.
(b) Advocate for the creation of a new organization or the reformation of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) that is focused on addressing contemporary challenges and opportunities in the region, with an emphasis on a cooperative, inclusive, and consensus-based approach;
(c) Encourage and facilitate the participation of all Southeast Asian nations in such organizations or forums, ensuring that the interests and perspectives of all member states are adequately represented and respected;
(d) Support the development and implementation of regional initiatives, policies, and agreements that aim to strengthen regional security, stability, and cooperation, including initiatives related to trade, investment, infrastructure, environment, and human rights;
(e) Allocate appropriate resources and personnel to ensure the active and meaningful participation of Thailand in these organizations or forums, and collaborate with other member states to develop and maintain the necessary institutional capacities for effective regional cooperation.
(3) The Thai Government shall regularly report to the Parliament on the progress and outcomes of its efforts to establish or revitalize regional organizations or forums, as well as the benefits and challenges arising from Thailand's participation in these initiatives.
Section 16. Addressing Non-Traditional Security Threats through Regional Coordination and Cooperation
(1) The Thai Government acknowledges the increasing significance of non-traditional security threats, including but not limited to transnational crimes, terrorism, climate change, and pandemics, which have far-reaching implications for the security, stability, and prosperity of Southeast Asia.
(2) To address these non-traditional security threats, the Thai Government shall:
(2) To address these non-traditional security threats, the Thai Government shall:
(a) Strengthen regional coordination and cooperation mechanisms to share intelligence, resources, and expertise in the prevention, mitigation, and response to non-traditional security threats;
(b) Support the development and implementation of joint strategies, policies, and programs aimed at addressing the root causes and consequences of non-traditional security threats, with a focus on a comprehensive, long-term, and proactive approach;
(c) Enhance capacity building and technical assistance efforts to bolster the ability of regional partners to address non-traditional security threats effectively, including through the provision of training, equipment, and financial resources, as appropriate;
(d) Facilitate the sharing of best practices, lessons learned, and innovative approaches among regional partners in tackling non-traditional security threats, fostering a culture of continuous learning and improvement;
(e) Promote regional and international cooperation to address cross-border aspects of non-traditional security threats, such as the trafficking of illicit goods, the movement of terrorist groups, and the spread of infectious diseases, through diplomatic engagement, multilateral agreements, and coordinated actions.
(b) Support the development and implementation of joint strategies, policies, and programs aimed at addressing the root causes and consequences of non-traditional security threats, with a focus on a comprehensive, long-term, and proactive approach;
(c) Enhance capacity building and technical assistance efforts to bolster the ability of regional partners to address non-traditional security threats effectively, including through the provision of training, equipment, and financial resources, as appropriate;
(d) Facilitate the sharing of best practices, lessons learned, and innovative approaches among regional partners in tackling non-traditional security threats, fostering a culture of continuous learning and improvement;
(e) Promote regional and international cooperation to address cross-border aspects of non-traditional security threats, such as the trafficking of illicit goods, the movement of terrorist groups, and the spread of infectious diseases, through diplomatic engagement, multilateral agreements, and coordinated actions.
(3) The Thai Government shall regularly report to the Parliament on its efforts to address non-traditional security threats in the region, including the progress and outcomes of regional coordination and cooperation initiatives, as well as any challenges and opportunities encountered in the process.
Section 17. Promoting Economic Cooperation and Development in Southeast Asia
(1) The Thai Government recognizes the vital role of economic cooperation and development in fostering stability, prosperity, and resilience among Southeast Asian nations.
(2) To support regional economic development and cooperation, the Thai Government shall:
(2) To support regional economic development and cooperation, the Thai Government shall:
(a) Pursue and facilitate investment in infrastructure projects that connect and integrate the region, thereby promoting trade, economic growth, and improved living standards for the people of Southeast Asia;
(b) Encourage the expansion of trade relations and the reduction of trade barriers among regional partners, while taking into consideration the unique needs and concerns of each country, to promote economic integration and shared prosperity;
(c) Support and participate in regional initiatives aimed at enhancing economic cooperation, including capacity building programs, technical assistance, and financial resources, to bolster the economic resilience and competitiveness of Southeast Asian nations;
(d) Collaborate with regional partners in addressing economic challenges and fostering sustainable and inclusive growth, with a focus on poverty reduction, social development, and environmental protection;
(e) Engage in dialogue and cooperation with international organizations, financial institutions, and other stakeholders to mobilize resources, expertise, and support for regional economic development initiatives.
(b) Encourage the expansion of trade relations and the reduction of trade barriers among regional partners, while taking into consideration the unique needs and concerns of each country, to promote economic integration and shared prosperity;
(c) Support and participate in regional initiatives aimed at enhancing economic cooperation, including capacity building programs, technical assistance, and financial resources, to bolster the economic resilience and competitiveness of Southeast Asian nations;
(d) Collaborate with regional partners in addressing economic challenges and fostering sustainable and inclusive growth, with a focus on poverty reduction, social development, and environmental protection;
(e) Engage in dialogue and cooperation with international organizations, financial institutions, and other stakeholders to mobilize resources, expertise, and support for regional economic development initiatives.
(3) The Thai Government shall regularly report to the Parliament on its efforts to promote economic cooperation and development in Southeast Asia, including the progress and outcomes of regional initiatives, as well as any challenges and opportunities encountered in the process.
Section 18. Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief in Southeast Asia
(1) The Thai Government acknowledges the importance of regional solidarity and support in providing humanitarian assistance and disaster relief to Southeast Asian nations affected by natural disasters or humanitarian crises.
(2) To ensure effective and timely response to such events, the Thai Government shall:
(2) To ensure effective and timely response to such events, the Thai Government shall:
(a) Collaborate with regional partners to develop and maintain mechanisms for rapid and coordinated response to natural disasters or humanitarian crises, including information sharing, resource mobilization, and joint planning;
(b) Contribute personnel, equipment, and other resources, as appropriate, to regional or multinational humanitarian assistance and disaster relief operations, in accordance with national capabilities and international obligations;
(c) Participate in regional exercises, workshops, and other capacity-building initiatives aimed at enhancing the preparedness and effectiveness of humanitarian assistance and disaster relief efforts among Southeast Asian nations;
(d) Engage with international organizations, non-governmental organizations, and other relevant stakeholders to ensure comprehensive and coordinated support for affected populations during natural disasters or humanitarian crises;
(e) Promote the sharing of best practices, lessons learned, and innovative approaches in humanitarian assistance and disaster relief among regional partners, with the aim of continually improving the effectiveness and efficiency of regional response efforts.
(b) Contribute personnel, equipment, and other resources, as appropriate, to regional or multinational humanitarian assistance and disaster relief operations, in accordance with national capabilities and international obligations;
(c) Participate in regional exercises, workshops, and other capacity-building initiatives aimed at enhancing the preparedness and effectiveness of humanitarian assistance and disaster relief efforts among Southeast Asian nations;
(d) Engage with international organizations, non-governmental organizations, and other relevant stakeholders to ensure comprehensive and coordinated support for affected populations during natural disasters or humanitarian crises;
(e) Promote the sharing of best practices, lessons learned, and innovative approaches in humanitarian assistance and disaster relief among regional partners, with the aim of continually improving the effectiveness and efficiency of regional response efforts.
(3) The Thai Government shall regularly report to the Parliament on its efforts to support humanitarian assistance and disaster relief in Southeast Asia, including the outcomes of regional collaboration and any challenges or opportunities encountered in the process.
Section 19. Promoting Human Rights and Democratic Values in Southeast Asia
(1) The Thai Government is committed to promoting human rights, democracy, and the rule of law within Southeast Asia, recognizing their importance in ensuring peace, stability, and prosperity in the region.
(2) To advance these values, the Thai Government shall:
(2) To advance these values, the Thai Government shall:
(a) Encourage and support the establishment and strengthening of democratic institutions, transparent governance, and civil society within the region;
(b) Advocate for the protection and promotion of human rights, including civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights, as well as the rights of vulnerable groups, such as women, children, ethnic minorities, and persons with disabilities;
(c) Offer technical assistance and capacity building programs to regional partners in areas related to human rights and democratic governance, such as electoral management, judicial reform, and anti-corruption initiatives;
(d) Engage in dialogue and cooperation with regional partners, international organizations, and other relevant stakeholders to address human rights challenges and share best practices for promoting human rights and democratic values;
(e) Support regional and international mechanisms and initiatives aimed at monitoring and reporting on human rights situations, holding accountable those responsible for human rights violations, and providing assistance to victims of such violations.
(b) Advocate for the protection and promotion of human rights, including civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights, as well as the rights of vulnerable groups, such as women, children, ethnic minorities, and persons with disabilities;
(c) Offer technical assistance and capacity building programs to regional partners in areas related to human rights and democratic governance, such as electoral management, judicial reform, and anti-corruption initiatives;
(d) Engage in dialogue and cooperation with regional partners, international organizations, and other relevant stakeholders to address human rights challenges and share best practices for promoting human rights and democratic values;
(e) Support regional and international mechanisms and initiatives aimed at monitoring and reporting on human rights situations, holding accountable those responsible for human rights violations, and providing assistance to victims of such violations.
(3) The Thai Government shall regularly report to the Parliament on its efforts to promote human rights and democratic values in Southeast Asia, including the progress and outcomes of regional initiatives, as well as any challenges and opportunities encountered in the process.
Section 20. Response to Persistent Atrocities Committed by a State in Southeast Asia
(1) The Thai Government recognizes its responsibility to protect the people of Southeast Asia from persistent atrocities committed by a state that shows no willingness to cease such actions.
(2) In case of a state continuously committing atrocities against its civilian population or other nations within Southeast Asia, the Thai Government shall take the following measures:
(2) In case of a state continuously committing atrocities against its civilian population or other nations within Southeast Asia, the Thai Government shall take the following measures:
(a) Exhaust all diplomatic channels to engage with the perpetrating state, urging them to cease their actions and address the humanitarian crisis;
(b) Mobilize regional and international support to exert diplomatic pressure on the perpetrating state, including public condemnations, resolutions, and joint statements;
(c) Work with regional partners and international organizations to provide humanitarian assistance, protection, and support to the affected civilian population;
(b) Mobilize regional and international support to exert diplomatic pressure on the perpetrating state, including public condemnations, resolutions, and joint statements;
(c) Work with regional partners and international organizations to provide humanitarian assistance, protection, and support to the affected civilian population;
(3) If the perpetrating state continues to commit atrocities despite diplomatic pressure and humanitarian assistance efforts, the Thai Government shall consider escalating its response, including:
(a) Imposing economic, political, or other sanctions on the perpetrating state, either unilaterally or in conjunction with regional and international partners, with the aim of undermining its capacity to continue committing atrocities;
(b) Requesting the intervention of regional or international organizations, such as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) or the Global Assembly, to mediate, investigate, or take other appropriate measures to address the situation;
(c) Collaborating with regional partners to establish a coalition or alliance with the mandate of protecting the affected civilian population and preventing further atrocities;
(b) Requesting the intervention of regional or international organizations, such as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) or the Global Assembly, to mediate, investigate, or take other appropriate measures to address the situation;
(c) Collaborating with regional partners to establish a coalition or alliance with the mandate of protecting the affected civilian population and preventing further atrocities;
(4) As a last resort, if the perpetrating state persists in committing atrocities and all other measures have proven ineffective, the Prime Minister of Thailand shall have the authority to call the Parliament to authorize an official military intervention against the perpetrating state, in accordance with Section 11 of this Act.
(5) The Thai Government shall regularly report to the Parliament on its efforts to address the situation of a state persistently committing atrocities in Southeast Asia, including the progress and outcomes of diplomatic pressure, humanitarian assistance, and military intervention efforts, as well as any challenges and opportunities encountered in the process
(5) The Thai Government shall regularly report to the Parliament on its efforts to address the situation of a state persistently committing atrocities in Southeast Asia, including the progress and outcomes of diplomatic pressure, humanitarian assistance, and military intervention efforts, as well as any challenges and opportunities encountered in the process
(Thaksin Shinawatra)
Prime Minister
Southeast Asia Security and Stability Act
The Republic Government Measure on Southeast Asia's Security and Stability Act, B.E. 2546 (2003)
The Parliament of the Republic of Thailand
11th May 2546 (2003)
The Parliament of Thailand is graciously pleased to proclaim that: Whereas it is expedient to have the law on the Thai Government's Measure on Southeast Asia's Security and Stability;
Be it, therefore, agreed by the majority of the parliament as follows:
Be it, therefore, agreed by the majority of the parliament as follows:
Section 1. This Act is called the “Southeast Asia Security and Stability Act, B.E. 2546 (2003)”
Section 2. This Act shall come into force after the date of its publication in the Government Gazette.
Section 3. In this Act:
Section 2. This Act shall come into force after the date of its publication in the Government Gazette.
Section 3. In this Act:
"Security" means the quality or state of being secure from danger or threat.
"Stability" means the quality or state of such region or country is stable.
"Stability" means the quality or state of such region or country is stable.
Section 4. The Prime Minister shall have charge and control of the execution of this Act and shall have the power to issue Ministerial Regulations for the execution of this Act. Such Ministerial Regulation shall come into force upon its publication in the Government Gazette.
Section 5. The Parliament of Thailand shall have charge and control of the execution of this Act and shall have the power to issue Ministerial Regulations for the execution of this Act when the majority of the parliament agrees with the resolution.
Section 6. Superseding and Succession of Authority
Section 5. The Parliament of Thailand shall have charge and control of the execution of this Act and shall have the power to issue Ministerial Regulations for the execution of this Act when the majority of the parliament agrees with the resolution.
Section 6. Superseding and Succession of Authority
(1) This Act, upon its enactment, shall supersede and replace any previous acts, regulations, or authorities that may conflict with or contradict the provisions contained herein;
(2) The Thai Parliament and the Prime Minister shall exercise their powers and responsibilities in accordance with this Act, ensuring the effective implementation of its provisions for the purpose of promoting stability, security, and non-interference in Southeast Asia;
(3) Any amendments or revisions to this Act shall follow due parliamentary process and be enacted in accordance with the Constitution of the Republic of Thailand, ensuring that the principles of stability, security, and non-interference continue to guide the nation's approach to Southeast Asian affairs.
(2) The Thai Parliament and the Prime Minister shall exercise their powers and responsibilities in accordance with this Act, ensuring the effective implementation of its provisions for the purpose of promoting stability, security, and non-interference in Southeast Asia;
(3) Any amendments or revisions to this Act shall follow due parliamentary process and be enacted in accordance with the Constitution of the Republic of Thailand, ensuring that the principles of stability, security, and non-interference continue to guide the nation's approach to Southeast Asian affairs.
CHAPTER I
Information Disclosure
Information Disclosure
Section 7. A State agency shall at least publish the following official information in the Government Gazette:
(1) the structure and organization of its operation;
(2) the summary of important powers and duties and operational methods;
(3) a contacting address to contact the State agency to request and obtain information or advice;
(4) by-laws, resolutions of the Council of Ministers, regulations, orders, circulars, Rules, work patterns, policies, or interpretations only insofar as they are made or issued to have the same force as by-laws and intended to be of general application to private individuals concerned.
Section 8. If the information which must be published under section 7 (4) has not yet been published in the Government Gazette, may not be relied on in a manner unfavorable to any person unless such person has had actual knowledge thereof for a reasonable period.(2) the summary of important powers and duties and operational methods;
(3) a contacting address to contact the State agency to request and obtain information or advice;
(4) by-laws, resolutions of the Council of Ministers, regulations, orders, circulars, Rules, work patterns, policies, or interpretations only insofar as they are made or issued to have the same force as by-laws and intended to be of general application to private individuals concerned.
CHAPTER II
Intervention in Southeast Asia
Intervention in Southeast Asia
The aftermath of the dissolution of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has brought down the region to suffer strife and a decline in diplomatic commitment, along with the political turmoil in the regional leader, Indonesia, which has brought down such nation to frequent power shifting. Thailand's 1998 Thai Revolution, which saw the end of the constitutional monarchy and the beginning of the republican era, was also a result of the ASEAN predicaments and influence from restlessness in Indonesia. Thailand, a new regional leader of Southeast Asia, must maintain the status quo in the region and uphold security and stability.
Section 9. The Republic of Thailand will widen its intelligence operation from the neighboring countries to cover every state in the region by
(1) The National Intelligence Agency (NIA) must designate local operation-responsible areas within the nations of Southeast Asia and establish an operation branch to cover each country;
(2) The NIA must operate within the task of maintaining the status quo inside the responsible area and prevent any terrorism chance or risk that can damage the interest of the Thai Government, its people, and the nations of Southeast Asia.
(2) The NIA must operate within the task of maintaining the status quo inside the responsible area and prevent any terrorism chance or risk that can damage the interest of the Thai Government, its people, and the nations of Southeast Asia.
Section 10. The Government of Thailand must support democratic and peaceful solutions to disputes within the region and must maintain the status quo by
(1) The Thai Government must support any transition of the current status quo within the region into more democratic ways;
(2) The Thai Government must act as an intermediary to disputes within the region, not be biased or lean to any side.
(2) The Thai Government must act as an intermediary to disputes within the region, not be biased or lean to any side.
Section 11. In the case of military aggression by one country against another, the Thai Government must take measures by
(1) The Thai Government must put sanctions on the aggressor to damage its economy, supplies, and military operational capabilities;
(2) The Thai Government must encourage international sanction on the aggressor, particularly from the country within Southeast Asia;
(3) If the aggressor refuses to cease their military hostility or occupation, the Thai Government must consider sending military expeditionary forces into the defending country to threaten the aggressor and prevent them from further aggression;
(4) If the aggressor insists on continuing their hostility or occupation, the Prime Minister of Thailand shall able to call the parliament to authorize official military operation against the aggressor.
(2) The Thai Government must encourage international sanction on the aggressor, particularly from the country within Southeast Asia;
(3) If the aggressor refuses to cease their military hostility or occupation, the Thai Government must consider sending military expeditionary forces into the defending country to threaten the aggressor and prevent them from further aggression;
(4) If the aggressor insists on continuing their hostility or occupation, the Prime Minister of Thailand shall able to call the parliament to authorize official military operation against the aggressor.
Section 12. The Thai Government must ensure that the nations of Southeast Asia are free from interference and be independent, whether it is from another country inside or outside the region by
(1) The Thai Government must monitor the diplomatic contact of each country to have a fundamental knowledge of any potential danger to the security and stability of the region.
(2) The Thai Government must prevent any country that deems to meddle or interfering with the status quo of Southeast Asia and must not influence the action of any nation within the region.
(3) In the event that a nation is found to be interfering in the affairs of Southeast Asian countries, the Thai Parliament or the Prime Minister shall consider the following measures:
(2) The Thai Government must prevent any country that deems to meddle or interfering with the status quo of Southeast Asia and must not influence the action of any nation within the region.
(3) In the event that a nation is found to be interfering in the affairs of Southeast Asian countries, the Thai Parliament or the Prime Minister shall consider the following measures:
(a) Engaging in diplomatic dialogue with the interfering nation to address concerns and seek a peaceful resolution;
(b) Collaborating with other Southeast Asian nations to jointly condemn and counteract the interfering nation's actions;
(c) Imposing economic, political, or other sanctions on the interfering nation, either unilaterally or in conjunction with regional partners;
(d) Mobilizing international support and cooperation to address the interference, including lobbying for resolutions or actions within international organizations, such as the Global Assembly;
(e) If deemed necessary, and only as a last resort, authorizing the use of military force or other coercive measures to counter the interference and protect the sovereignty and independence of Southeast Asian nations.
(b) Collaborating with other Southeast Asian nations to jointly condemn and counteract the interfering nation's actions;
(c) Imposing economic, political, or other sanctions on the interfering nation, either unilaterally or in conjunction with regional partners;
(d) Mobilizing international support and cooperation to address the interference, including lobbying for resolutions or actions within international organizations, such as the Global Assembly;
(e) If deemed necessary, and only as a last resort, authorizing the use of military force or other coercive measures to counter the interference and protect the sovereignty and independence of Southeast Asian nations.
Section 13. Participation and Interference of Non-Southeast Asian Nations
(1) In the event that a nation outside of Southeast Asia seeks to interfere or participate in the affairs of Southeast Asian countries, the Prime Minister may call upon the Parliament to grant authority for such involvement;
(2) The Parliament reserves the right to deny or approve the involvement of a non-Southeast Asian nation in regional affairs, considering the best interests of the nations in the region;
(3) If the Parliament denies the involvement of a non-Southeast Asian nation, they may invoke Section 12 to prevent interference and protect the sovereignty, security, and stability of Southeast Asian nations.
(2) The Parliament reserves the right to deny or approve the involvement of a non-Southeast Asian nation in regional affairs, considering the best interests of the nations in the region;
(3) If the Parliament denies the involvement of a non-Southeast Asian nation, they may invoke Section 12 to prevent interference and protect the sovereignty, security, and stability of Southeast Asian nations.
Section 14. Diplomatic Efforts, Regional Cooperation, and Trust-Building Measures
(1) The Thai Government shall prioritize diplomatic efforts and dialogue with regional partners to resolve disputes, address security challenges, and enhance cooperation among Southeast Asian nations. Peaceful negotiation and compromise shall be the guiding principles in managing regional affairs.
(2) In order to foster regional cooperation and trust-building measures, the Thai Government shall:
(2) In order to foster regional cooperation and trust-building measures, the Thai Government shall:
(a) Initiate or participate in regular high-level dialogues and multilateral meetings with regional partners to discuss common concerns, share perspectives, and explore opportunities for collaboration;
(b) Encourage and facilitate people-to-people exchanges, including academic, cultural, and professional exchanges, to promote mutual understanding and foster goodwill among Southeast Asian nations;
(c) Support joint projects, exercises, or initiatives that aim to strengthen regional capabilities in areas such as disaster response, maritime security, and counter-terrorism;
(d) Advocate for the creation or enhancement of regional mechanisms or institutions dedicated to promoting peace, stability, and cooperation in Southeast Asia, such as conflict prevention, early warning systems, and confidence-building measures.
(b) Encourage and facilitate people-to-people exchanges, including academic, cultural, and professional exchanges, to promote mutual understanding and foster goodwill among Southeast Asian nations;
(c) Support joint projects, exercises, or initiatives that aim to strengthen regional capabilities in areas such as disaster response, maritime security, and counter-terrorism;
(d) Advocate for the creation or enhancement of regional mechanisms or institutions dedicated to promoting peace, stability, and cooperation in Southeast Asia, such as conflict prevention, early warning systems, and confidence-building measures.
(3) Before resorting to economic, political, or military measures, the Thai Government shall exhaust all diplomatic channels and make every effort to find peaceful and mutually acceptable solutions to regional disputes or challenges. Only when diplomatic options have been fully explored and deemed ineffective should the Thai Government consider other measures as outlined in Sections 11 and 12 of this Act.
Section 15. Strengthening Regional Collaboration through Regional Organizations and Forums
(1) The Thai Government recognizes the importance of regional organizations and forums in promoting security, stability, and cooperation among Southeast Asian nations. In this regard, the government shall actively seek opportunities to establish or revitalize such organizations or forums, with the aim of fostering collective efforts to address regional challenges and enhance collaboration.
(2) To promote the establishment or revitalization of regional organizations or forums, the Thai Government shall:
(2) To promote the establishment or revitalization of regional organizations or forums, the Thai Government shall:
(a) Engage in dialogue and consultations with regional partners to identify shared priorities, goals, and strategies for enhancing regional security, stability, and cooperation;
(b) Advocate for the creation of a new organization or the reformation of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) that is focused on addressing contemporary challenges and opportunities in the region, with an emphasis on a cooperative, inclusive, and consensus-based approach;
(c) Encourage and facilitate the participation of all Southeast Asian nations in such organizations or forums, ensuring that the interests and perspectives of all member states are adequately represented and respected;
(d) Support the development and implementation of regional initiatives, policies, and agreements that aim to strengthen regional security, stability, and cooperation, including initiatives related to trade, investment, infrastructure, environment, and human rights;
(e) Allocate appropriate resources and personnel to ensure the active and meaningful participation of Thailand in these organizations or forums, and collaborate with other member states to develop and maintain the necessary institutional capacities for effective regional cooperation.
(b) Advocate for the creation of a new organization or the reformation of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) that is focused on addressing contemporary challenges and opportunities in the region, with an emphasis on a cooperative, inclusive, and consensus-based approach;
(c) Encourage and facilitate the participation of all Southeast Asian nations in such organizations or forums, ensuring that the interests and perspectives of all member states are adequately represented and respected;
(d) Support the development and implementation of regional initiatives, policies, and agreements that aim to strengthen regional security, stability, and cooperation, including initiatives related to trade, investment, infrastructure, environment, and human rights;
(e) Allocate appropriate resources and personnel to ensure the active and meaningful participation of Thailand in these organizations or forums, and collaborate with other member states to develop and maintain the necessary institutional capacities for effective regional cooperation.
(3) The Thai Government shall regularly report to the Parliament on the progress and outcomes of its efforts to establish or revitalize regional organizations or forums, as well as the benefits and challenges arising from Thailand's participation in these initiatives.
Section 16. Addressing Non-Traditional Security Threats through Regional Coordination and Cooperation
(1) The Thai Government acknowledges the increasing significance of non-traditional security threats, including but not limited to transnational crimes, terrorism, climate change, and pandemics, which have far-reaching implications for the security, stability, and prosperity of Southeast Asia.
(2) To address these non-traditional security threats, the Thai Government shall:
(2) To address these non-traditional security threats, the Thai Government shall:
(a) Strengthen regional coordination and cooperation mechanisms to share intelligence, resources, and expertise in the prevention, mitigation, and response to non-traditional security threats;
(b) Support the development and implementation of joint strategies, policies, and programs aimed at addressing the root causes and consequences of non-traditional security threats, with a focus on a comprehensive, long-term, and proactive approach;
(c) Enhance capacity building and technical assistance efforts to bolster the ability of regional partners to address non-traditional security threats effectively, including through the provision of training, equipment, and financial resources, as appropriate;
(d) Facilitate the sharing of best practices, lessons learned, and innovative approaches among regional partners in tackling non-traditional security threats, fostering a culture of continuous learning and improvement;
(e) Promote regional and international cooperation to address cross-border aspects of non-traditional security threats, such as the trafficking of illicit goods, the movement of terrorist groups, and the spread of infectious diseases, through diplomatic engagement, multilateral agreements, and coordinated actions.
(b) Support the development and implementation of joint strategies, policies, and programs aimed at addressing the root causes and consequences of non-traditional security threats, with a focus on a comprehensive, long-term, and proactive approach;
(c) Enhance capacity building and technical assistance efforts to bolster the ability of regional partners to address non-traditional security threats effectively, including through the provision of training, equipment, and financial resources, as appropriate;
(d) Facilitate the sharing of best practices, lessons learned, and innovative approaches among regional partners in tackling non-traditional security threats, fostering a culture of continuous learning and improvement;
(e) Promote regional and international cooperation to address cross-border aspects of non-traditional security threats, such as the trafficking of illicit goods, the movement of terrorist groups, and the spread of infectious diseases, through diplomatic engagement, multilateral agreements, and coordinated actions.
(3) The Thai Government shall regularly report to the Parliament on its efforts to address non-traditional security threats in the region, including the progress and outcomes of regional coordination and cooperation initiatives, as well as any challenges and opportunities encountered in the process.
Section 17. Promoting Economic Cooperation and Development in Southeast Asia
(1) The Thai Government recognizes the vital role of economic cooperation and development in fostering stability, prosperity, and resilience among Southeast Asian nations.
(2) To support regional economic development and cooperation, the Thai Government shall:
(2) To support regional economic development and cooperation, the Thai Government shall:
(a) Pursue and facilitate investment in infrastructure projects that connect and integrate the region, thereby promoting trade, economic growth, and improved living standards for the people of Southeast Asia;
(b) Encourage the expansion of trade relations and the reduction of trade barriers among regional partners, while taking into consideration the unique needs and concerns of each country, to promote economic integration and shared prosperity;
(c) Support and participate in regional initiatives aimed at enhancing economic cooperation, including capacity building programs, technical assistance, and financial resources, to bolster the economic resilience and competitiveness of Southeast Asian nations;
(d) Collaborate with regional partners in addressing economic challenges and fostering sustainable and inclusive growth, with a focus on poverty reduction, social development, and environmental protection;
(e) Engage in dialogue and cooperation with international organizations, financial institutions, and other stakeholders to mobilize resources, expertise, and support for regional economic development initiatives.
(b) Encourage the expansion of trade relations and the reduction of trade barriers among regional partners, while taking into consideration the unique needs and concerns of each country, to promote economic integration and shared prosperity;
(c) Support and participate in regional initiatives aimed at enhancing economic cooperation, including capacity building programs, technical assistance, and financial resources, to bolster the economic resilience and competitiveness of Southeast Asian nations;
(d) Collaborate with regional partners in addressing economic challenges and fostering sustainable and inclusive growth, with a focus on poverty reduction, social development, and environmental protection;
(e) Engage in dialogue and cooperation with international organizations, financial institutions, and other stakeholders to mobilize resources, expertise, and support for regional economic development initiatives.
(3) The Thai Government shall regularly report to the Parliament on its efforts to promote economic cooperation and development in Southeast Asia, including the progress and outcomes of regional initiatives, as well as any challenges and opportunities encountered in the process.
Section 18. Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief in Southeast Asia
(1) The Thai Government acknowledges the importance of regional solidarity and support in providing humanitarian assistance and disaster relief to Southeast Asian nations affected by natural disasters or humanitarian crises.
(2) To ensure effective and timely response to such events, the Thai Government shall:
(2) To ensure effective and timely response to such events, the Thai Government shall:
(a) Collaborate with regional partners to develop and maintain mechanisms for rapid and coordinated response to natural disasters or humanitarian crises, including information sharing, resource mobilization, and joint planning;
(b) Contribute personnel, equipment, and other resources, as appropriate, to regional or multinational humanitarian assistance and disaster relief operations, in accordance with national capabilities and international obligations;
(c) Participate in regional exercises, workshops, and other capacity-building initiatives aimed at enhancing the preparedness and effectiveness of humanitarian assistance and disaster relief efforts among Southeast Asian nations;
(d) Engage with international organizations, non-governmental organizations, and other relevant stakeholders to ensure comprehensive and coordinated support for affected populations during natural disasters or humanitarian crises;
(e) Promote the sharing of best practices, lessons learned, and innovative approaches in humanitarian assistance and disaster relief among regional partners, with the aim of continually improving the effectiveness and efficiency of regional response efforts.
(b) Contribute personnel, equipment, and other resources, as appropriate, to regional or multinational humanitarian assistance and disaster relief operations, in accordance with national capabilities and international obligations;
(c) Participate in regional exercises, workshops, and other capacity-building initiatives aimed at enhancing the preparedness and effectiveness of humanitarian assistance and disaster relief efforts among Southeast Asian nations;
(d) Engage with international organizations, non-governmental organizations, and other relevant stakeholders to ensure comprehensive and coordinated support for affected populations during natural disasters or humanitarian crises;
(e) Promote the sharing of best practices, lessons learned, and innovative approaches in humanitarian assistance and disaster relief among regional partners, with the aim of continually improving the effectiveness and efficiency of regional response efforts.
(3) The Thai Government shall regularly report to the Parliament on its efforts to support humanitarian assistance and disaster relief in Southeast Asia, including the outcomes of regional collaboration and any challenges or opportunities encountered in the process.
Section 19. Promoting Human Rights and Democratic Values in Southeast Asia
(1) The Thai Government is committed to promoting human rights, democracy, and the rule of law within Southeast Asia, recognizing their importance in ensuring peace, stability, and prosperity in the region.
(2) To advance these values, the Thai Government shall:
(2) To advance these values, the Thai Government shall:
(a) Encourage and support the establishment and strengthening of democratic institutions, transparent governance, and civil society within the region;
(b) Advocate for the protection and promotion of human rights, including civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights, as well as the rights of vulnerable groups, such as women, children, ethnic minorities, and persons with disabilities;
(c) Offer technical assistance and capacity building programs to regional partners in areas related to human rights and democratic governance, such as electoral management, judicial reform, and anti-corruption initiatives;
(d) Engage in dialogue and cooperation with regional partners, international organizations, and other relevant stakeholders to address human rights challenges and share best practices for promoting human rights and democratic values;
(e) Support regional and international mechanisms and initiatives aimed at monitoring and reporting on human rights situations, holding accountable those responsible for human rights violations, and providing assistance to victims of such violations.
(b) Advocate for the protection and promotion of human rights, including civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights, as well as the rights of vulnerable groups, such as women, children, ethnic minorities, and persons with disabilities;
(c) Offer technical assistance and capacity building programs to regional partners in areas related to human rights and democratic governance, such as electoral management, judicial reform, and anti-corruption initiatives;
(d) Engage in dialogue and cooperation with regional partners, international organizations, and other relevant stakeholders to address human rights challenges and share best practices for promoting human rights and democratic values;
(e) Support regional and international mechanisms and initiatives aimed at monitoring and reporting on human rights situations, holding accountable those responsible for human rights violations, and providing assistance to victims of such violations.
(3) The Thai Government shall regularly report to the Parliament on its efforts to promote human rights and democratic values in Southeast Asia, including the progress and outcomes of regional initiatives, as well as any challenges and opportunities encountered in the process.
Section 20. Response to Persistent Atrocities Committed by a State in Southeast Asia
(1) The Thai Government recognizes its responsibility to protect the people of Southeast Asia from persistent atrocities committed by a state that shows no willingness to cease such actions.
(2) In case of a state continuously committing atrocities against its civilian population or other nations within Southeast Asia, the Thai Government shall take the following measures:
(2) In case of a state continuously committing atrocities against its civilian population or other nations within Southeast Asia, the Thai Government shall take the following measures:
(a) Exhaust all diplomatic channels to engage with the perpetrating state, urging them to cease their actions and address the humanitarian crisis;
(b) Mobilize regional and international support to exert diplomatic pressure on the perpetrating state, including public condemnations, resolutions, and joint statements;
(c) Work with regional partners and international organizations to provide humanitarian assistance, protection, and support to the affected civilian population;
(b) Mobilize regional and international support to exert diplomatic pressure on the perpetrating state, including public condemnations, resolutions, and joint statements;
(c) Work with regional partners and international organizations to provide humanitarian assistance, protection, and support to the affected civilian population;
(3) If the perpetrating state continues to commit atrocities despite diplomatic pressure and humanitarian assistance efforts, the Thai Government shall consider escalating its response, including:
(a) Imposing economic, political, or other sanctions on the perpetrating state, either unilaterally or in conjunction with regional and international partners, with the aim of undermining its capacity to continue committing atrocities;
(b) Requesting the intervention of regional or international organizations, such as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) or the Global Assembly, to mediate, investigate, or take other appropriate measures to address the situation;
(c) Collaborating with regional partners to establish a coalition or alliance with the mandate of protecting the affected civilian population and preventing further atrocities;
(b) Requesting the intervention of regional or international organizations, such as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) or the Global Assembly, to mediate, investigate, or take other appropriate measures to address the situation;
(c) Collaborating with regional partners to establish a coalition or alliance with the mandate of protecting the affected civilian population and preventing further atrocities;
(4) As a last resort, if the perpetrating state persists in committing atrocities and all other measures have proven ineffective, the Prime Minister of Thailand shall have the authority to call the Parliament to authorize an official military intervention against the perpetrating state, in accordance with Section 11 of this Act.
(5) The Thai Government shall regularly report to the Parliament on its efforts to address the situation of a state persistently committing atrocities in Southeast Asia, including the progress and outcomes of diplomatic pressure, humanitarian assistance, and military intervention efforts, as well as any challenges and opportunities encountered in the process
(5) The Thai Government shall regularly report to the Parliament on its efforts to address the situation of a state persistently committing atrocities in Southeast Asia, including the progress and outcomes of diplomatic pressure, humanitarian assistance, and military intervention efforts, as well as any challenges and opportunities encountered in the process
Section 21. Measures Against Infringement of Airspace and Territorial Waters
(1) In the event of an unauthorized incursion into the airspace or territorial waters of any Southeast Asian nation by foreign military or government vessels, aircraft, or any other entities, the following measures shall be enacted:
(a) Immediate diplomatic engagement with the nation responsible for the incursion shall be initiated to seek a peaceful resolution and to prevent further escalation.
(b) The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in coordination with the National Defense and Security Council, shall assess the severity and intent of the incursion and determine appropriate diplomatic and defensive responses.
(c) The Thai Government shall notify relevant regional partners and international bodies, as appropriate, to ensure a unified and coordinated response in accordance with international law.
(b) The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in coordination with the National Defense and Security Council, shall assess the severity and intent of the incursion and determine appropriate diplomatic and defensive responses.
(c) The Thai Government shall notify relevant regional partners and international bodies, as appropriate, to ensure a unified and coordinated response in accordance with international law.
(2) The Thai Government shall employ all available intelligence and surveillance capabilities to monitor and document any such unauthorized incursions, gathering evidence to support diplomatic negotiations and potential international legal actions.
(3) In cases where diplomatic efforts fail to resolve the situation, and if the incursion is deemed a deliberate and aggressive act, the following steps may be considered:
(3) In cases where diplomatic efforts fail to resolve the situation, and if the incursion is deemed a deliberate and aggressive act, the following steps may be considered:
(a) The imposition of targeted sanctions against entities or individuals responsible for authorizing or conducting the incursion.
(b) Requesting immediate convening of regional forums to address the infringement and to coordinate a collective regional response.
(c) In accordance with international law, and as a last resort, the deployment of defensive measures to protect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the affected nation.
(b) Requesting immediate convening of regional forums to address the infringement and to coordinate a collective regional response.
(c) In accordance with international law, and as a last resort, the deployment of defensive measures to protect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the affected nation.
(4) Any response to such incursions shall be proportional to the nature of the infringement and shall prioritize the preservation of peace and stability in the region.
(5) Regular reports shall be submitted to the Parliament of Thailand on the occurrences of such incursions, the actions taken in response, and the outcomes of these actions. This is to ensure transparency and accountability in upholding the principles of this Act.
(6) The Thai Government shall continually engage in dialogue and cooperation with regional partners and international organizations to establish and strengthen mechanisms for early warning, joint monitoring, and rapid response to any unauthorized incursions into airspace or territorial waters in Southeast Asia.
(5) Regular reports shall be submitted to the Parliament of Thailand on the occurrences of such incursions, the actions taken in response, and the outcomes of these actions. This is to ensure transparency and accountability in upholding the principles of this Act.
(6) The Thai Government shall continually engage in dialogue and cooperation with regional partners and international organizations to establish and strengthen mechanisms for early warning, joint monitoring, and rapid response to any unauthorized incursions into airspace or territorial waters in Southeast Asia.
(Thaksin Shinawatra)
Prime Minister
Published by the Office of the Prime Minister
PACT OF NEUTRALITY
BETWEEN REPUBLIC OF THAILAND
AND
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Prime Minister of the Republic of Thailand and Minister of National Defense of the People's Republic of China, guided by a desire to strengthen peaceful and friendly relations between the two countries, have decided to conclude a pact on neutrality, for which purpose they have appointed as their Representatives:
Prime Minister of the Republic of Thailand
Attayuth Srisamu, Thai Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the People's Republic of China
Minister of National Defense of the People's Republic of China
Wan Nianzu, Minister of National Defense of the People's Republic of China
They have agreed on the following after exchanging credentials that were found to be in proper form:
Article1: Both Contracting Parties agree to preserve peaceful and amicable relations and to mutually respect the other Contracting Party's territorial integrity and inviolability.
Article 2: Both Contracting Parties agree not to interfere with other Contracting Party's internal and external affairs.
Article 3: Both Contracting Parties are convinced that any settlement of differences or disputes between the Contracting Party should be discussed at the diplomacy level, regulated by rational, effective, and suitably flexible procedures, avoiding unfavorable attitudes that could put both Contracting Parties in danger
Article 4: The present Pact enters into force on the day that both Contracting Parties ratify it, and it is valid for two years.
Article 5: The present Pact is subject to ratification as soon as possible. The instruments of ratification shall be exchanged in Bangkok, also as soon as possible.
In confirmation whereof, the above-named Representatives have signed the present Pact in two copies, drawn up in the Thai and Chinese languages, and affixed thereto their seals.
Done in Beijing on December 31, 1999
Attayuth Srisamu
Wan Nianzu
BETWEEN REPUBLIC OF THAILAND
AND
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Prime Minister of the Republic of Thailand and Minister of National Defense of the People's Republic of China, guided by a desire to strengthen peaceful and friendly relations between the two countries, have decided to conclude a pact on neutrality, for which purpose they have appointed as their Representatives:
Prime Minister of the Republic of Thailand
Attayuth Srisamu, Thai Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the People's Republic of China
Minister of National Defense of the People's Republic of China
Wan Nianzu, Minister of National Defense of the People's Republic of China
They have agreed on the following after exchanging credentials that were found to be in proper form:
Article1: Both Contracting Parties agree to preserve peaceful and amicable relations and to mutually respect the other Contracting Party's territorial integrity and inviolability.
Article 2: Both Contracting Parties agree not to interfere with other Contracting Party's internal and external affairs.
Article 3: Both Contracting Parties are convinced that any settlement of differences or disputes between the Contracting Party should be discussed at the diplomacy level, regulated by rational, effective, and suitably flexible procedures, avoiding unfavorable attitudes that could put both Contracting Parties in danger
Article 4: The present Pact enters into force on the day that both Contracting Parties ratify it, and it is valid for two years.
Article 5: The present Pact is subject to ratification as soon as possible. The instruments of ratification shall be exchanged in Bangkok, also as soon as possible.
In confirmation whereof, the above-named Representatives have signed the present Pact in two copies, drawn up in the Thai and Chinese languages, and affixed thereto their seals.
Done in Beijing on December 31, 1999
Attayuth Srisamu
Wan Nianzu
TREATY OF AMITY
BETWEEN
THE REPUBLIC OF THAILAND
AND
THE IMPERIAL STATE OF THE CONGO
The Premier of the Republic of Thailand and His Majesty the Emperor of Congo, inspired by a desire to develop peaceful and amicable ties between the two nations, have agreed to sign an amity treaty, for which they have designated the following individuals as their Representatives:
The Premier of the Republic of Thailand
Sopa Pimolkittikool, Thai Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the Imperial State of the Congo
His Majesty the Emperor of Congo
Zakia Akinyemi, Chief of Navy of the Imperial State of Congo
who, after exchanging credentials that were proven to be in working order, have agreed towards the following:
Article one: Both Contracting Parties agree to maintain peaceful and amicable relations and mutual respect for one another's territorial integrity and inviolability.
Article two: If one of the Contracting Parties is the target of hostilities by one or more third powers, the other Contracting Party will give political and military assistance where necessary
Article three: Both Contracting Parties are convinced that any settlement of differences or disputes between the Contracting Parties should be discussed at the diplomatic level, governed by rational, effective, and suitably flexible procedures, and should avoid unfavorable attitudes that could endanger both Contracting Parties.
Article four: Both Contracting Parties want to provide a stable platform for collaborative action to boost international cooperation between the two High Contracting Parties.
Article five: Both Contracting Parties acknowledge that their nations share primary responsibility for regional stability and peaceful and progressive national development and they are committed to maintaining such stability.
Article six: Both Contracting Parties confirm that any interference in the other party's national politics or policies must be done through careful consideration and without causing damage to their relationship.
Article seven: The current treaty becomes effective when both Contracting Parties ratify it, and it is active until one side terminates it.
Article eight: The current Pact has to be ratified as quickly as feasible. The ratification instruments will be exchanged in Kinshasa as soon as feasible.
In testimony whereof, the above-named Representatives have signed and affixed their seals to the present Pact in two copies, written up in Thai and Congolese languages.
Done in Kinshasa on January 7, 2000.
Sopa Pimolkittikool
Zakia Akinyemi
| TRADE AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF THAILAND AND THE IMPERIAL STATE OF THE CONGO The Imperial State of the Congo, represented by its Minister of Trade, Adia Adeyemi The Republic of Thailand, represented by its Ambassador to Congo, Sopa Pimolkittikool Have signed the treaty and pledged, on behalf of their country, to pursue a positive trade partnership in the interests of their people and country. Invest in the following accomplishments to develop a trading channel for the available resources; The Republic of Thailand is willing to present the following resources;
The Imperial State of the Congo is willing to present the following resources;
The trade route shall be a two-way trip. The trade routes will use the Imperial State of the Congo's two Combi-Freighter 19000 for Copper & Mineral Fuels and the Cobalt & Rubber. And use Combi-Freighter 3850 for Diamonds and Machinery. The mentioned representative stated that the agreement's context would be maintained and followed. Sopa Pimolkittikool Thai ambassador to the Imperial State of the Congo Adia Adeyemi Minister of Trade of the Imperial State of the Congo |
| TRADE AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF THAILAND AND THE PORTUGUESE REPUBLIC The Portuguese Republic, represented by its Minister of Foreign Affairs, Jaime Gama The Republic of Thailand, represented by its Ambassador to Portugal, Krongkanit Rakcharoen Have honored the document, pledge on behalf of its country, to undertake a healthy trade relationship for the interest of its people and nation. To open a trade route of the offered resources, invest in the accomplishment as follow; Republic of Thailand is willing to present the following resources;
Portuguese Republic is willing to present the following resources;
The mentioned representative declared to maintain and follow the context of the agreement. Krongkanit Rakcharoen Thai ambassador to the Portuguese Republic Jaime Gama Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Portugal Republic |
| TRADE AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF THAILAND AND THE MOROCCO The Republic of Thailand, represented by its ambassador to Morocco, Nontawat Chandrtri Morocco, represented by its Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, Abdellatif Filali On behalf of their country, they signed the treaty and pledged to develop constructive economic cooperation in the interests of their people and country. To create a trading route for the available resources, invest in the milestones listed below: Republic of Thailand is willing to present the following resources;
Morocco is willing to present the following resources;
The trade route shall be a two-way trip using the Republic of Thailand's DHZR 4&5 The mentioned representative stated that the agreement's context would be preserved and respected. Nontawat Chandrtri Thai ambassador to Morocco Abdellatif Filali Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Morocco |
Agreement for Student Exchange Program for the Thai and British student
Between
The Republic of Thailand’s University
and
The United Kingdom’s University
Between
The Republic of Thailand’s University
and
The United Kingdom’s University
This Agreement for Student Exchange Program ("Agreement") is entered into as of the date of last signature below between The Republic of Thailand ("Thailand") and The United Kingdom ("UK"). Thailand and UK agree to establish a reciprocal student exchange program for the education and cultural enrichment of Thailand and UK ("Parties.") universities under the following terms:
1. Each institution in the UK agrees to send individual students for a semester or an academic year to each institution in Thailand. Each institution in Thailand agrees to send individual students for a semester or an academic year to each institution in the UK.
2. During the term of this agreement, each UK and Thailand university may send up to five (5) students per calendar year, including graduate students, to be enrolled at the other universities. The number of students may be modified from time to time by mutual agreement.
3. Students participating in this exchange shall be exempt from paying tuition and regular academic fees that typically apply to the host institution. The student shall pay whatever fees are required of them by their home institution to participate in the program and any special fees that may apply to them at the host institution. An example of a special fee is the cleaning fee of $5, which only students in the Thailand university must pay. The host institution must provide information regarding such special fees in advance.
4. Under the terms of this Agreement, each university shall make reasonable efforts to assist participating students in suitable housing. The payment of such housing, together with the payment for all travel, medical insurance, medical costs not covered by insurance, food, subsistence costs, books, and other educational materials, shall be the sole responsibility of the UK. Neither home nor host university shall be held liable for any such charges. Students selected shall satisfy the home university they have adequate funds for transportation to and from the host university and subsistence. Students must also provide any financial documentation the host universities require for visa purposes. Obtaining and maintaining appropriate visa status is the responsibility of the student. The host institution will provide documentation and forms as necessary.
5. Participating students will be selected by their home institution based on the following criteria. There may be exceptions in appropriate cases.
The student shall:
a. Be citizens or permanent residents of the country of their home university, or hold a valid temporary resident visa for that country.
b. Have completed at least one (1) year of full-time study at the home institution.
Requirement
- GPA requirement: 2.75
- Required scores of the English language test (The scores should not be more than 2 years)
- iBT: 79
- CBT: 213
- PBT: 550
- overall band: 6.0
1. For those exchange students who wish to attend Thai Language programs at the Department of Thai, they are required to submit the Thai language test and be fluent in all four language skills — listening, speaking, reading and writing.
2. Please note that each program/faculty has its own requirements which all students have to abide by and they have to carefully go through these requirements. Some programs strictly require a language certificate but for some programs, language requirements are flexible. Thus, the OIA decided to recommend that all students have an IELTS or TOEFL score record as mentioned
Documents
1. A student’s passport photo on white background
2. Two reference letters from academic advisors
3. An official academic transcript (to be issued by the institution the students are attending)
4. An English proficiency score record (for non-native speakers of English)
5. A copy of the first page of the passport
6. A Statement of Purpose (SOP) of 500-800 words
7. A list of the courses offered by the university that the students wish to attend (Wishlist)
6. Under the terms of this Agreement, participating students are required to meet the admissions requirements of the host university. The Universities will make every effort to forward applications for exchange at least four (4) months before the academic term starts. Each university reserves the right to reject candidates, in which case further candidates may be proposed. The exact program of study will be determined by the student with the approval of academic advisers at both the home and host institutions.
7. Exchange students may apply to any academic program offered at the host institution, but the host institution reserves the right to exclude students from programs with restricted enrollment. All students will remain enrolled as regular degree candidates at the home institution and they will not be enrolled as candidates for degrees at the host institution. Credits toward the students’ degrees are to be awarded by the home institution. Students are expected to maintain the equivalent of a full-time course load at the host institution.
8. The cooperating institutions will provide each other with adequate information on the performance of participating students, including a transcript (or its equivalent) as soon as practicable after the students complete the exchange.
9. Students participating under the terms of this Agreement shall be subject to the rules, regulations, and codes of conduct of the host institution. The host institution shall have the right to terminate the exchange program with respect to any student who violates the host university’s
policies or rules.
Exchange students will have the rights and privileges enjoyed by other students on the host campus. In addition, neither institution may discriminate (as defined by Thailand laws) against a student based on race, color, religion, sex, disability, national origin, sexual
orientation, age, or veteran’s status.
10. Students participating under the terms of this Agreement shall be entitled to participate in any introductory courses or programs that may customarily be arranged for foreign students at the host institution.
11. The relationship of the Parties to this Agreement is that of independent contractors.
12. This Agreement may be modified at any time in writing and signed by Parties.
13. This Agreement shall take effect as of the 2000-2005 academic year and be valid for five (5) years. During the fourth year, renewal for an additional five (5) year period will be considered. Parties may, by notice in writing of no less than six (6) months, terminate this Agreement. However, any students who have commenced their exchange experience at either university at the date of termination may complete their courses of study.
14. Neither Parties may assign any of its rights or delegate its duties under this Agreement without the written consent of the other party.
15. The UK shall indemnify and save harmless Thailand university, its
officers, its agents, and its employees from all loss, cost, and expense arising out of any liability or claim of liability for injury or damages to persons or property sustained or claimed to have been sustained by any one whomsoever, because of the performance of this Agreement, by any act or omission of Thailand or any of its officers, agents, employees, guests, patrons, or invitees. The UK shall pay for all damage to the property of Thailand university, or loss or theft of such property, done or caused by such persons. (Vice versa)
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the authorized representatives of the Parties have executed this Agreement on the date(s) indicated below:
THE REPUBLIC OF THAILAND
The Thai Ambassador to the United Kingdom
________________________
(Pisanu Suvanajata)
The UK of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
________________________
(Lawrence Adams)
The Thai Ambassador to the United Kingdom
________________________
(Pisanu Suvanajata)
The UK of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
________________________
(Lawrence Adams)
|
| 
|
Treaty on the Establishment of a Comprehensive Framework for Collaboration and Partnership between the Republic of Thailand and the Kingdom of Spain
Preamble
The Government of the Republic of Thailand (hereinafter referred to as "Thailand") and the Government of the Kingdon of Spain (hereinafter referred to as "Thailand"), collectively referred to as "the Parties", desiring to consolidate and expand the historical ties of friendship, goodwill, and mutual understanding between their respective nations, and acknowledging the importance of fostering cooperative relations to promote their respective economic, technological, cultural, and social development, and to advance their shared interests within the international community, have agreed to enter into this Treaty on the Establishment of a Comprehensive Framework for Collaboration and Partnership (hereinafter referred to as "the Treaty").
Chapter II
Objective
Objective
The objective of this Treaty is to establish a comprehensive, well-defined, and adaptable framework for collaboration and partnership between the Parties in various fields of mutual interest, aimed at fostering sustainable development, enhancing bilateral relations, and contributing to regional and global peace, stability, and prosperity. This framework shall encompass, but not be limited to, sectors such as transportation infrastructure, renewable energy, technology, tourism, information technology, food and beverage, fashion, and culinary arts. The Parties shall strive to identify and pursue opportunities for cooperation that not only bolster their respective national interests but also promote the shared values of democracy, human rights, and the rule of law, in accordance with the principles of the Global Assembly Charter and international law.
Chapter III
Area of Cooperations
Area of Cooperations
Article 1: Transportation Infrastructure: The Parties shall collaborate on the development, modernization, and enhancement of transportation infrastructure, focusing on projects such as the Mass Rapid Transit Master Plan in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region and the Double-Track Railway Initiative Projects. This collaboration shall involve sharing technical expertise, best practices, and experiences in planning, financing, constructing, and maintaining efficient, safe, and sustainable transportation systems.
Articl 2: Renewable Energy: The Parties shall promote cooperation in the field of renewable energy, including sharing expertise, technology, and best practices in the research, development, production, and deployment of clean, sustainable, and cost-effective energy sources, with an emphasis on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and fostering energy security and independence.
Article 3: Technology: The Parties shall work together in the field of technology, encouraging innovation, research, and development in sectors such as telecommunications, information technology, artificial intelligence, and other emerging technologies, with a view to promoting digital transformation, enhancing productivity and competitiveness, and addressing global challenges.
Article 4: Tourism: The Parties shall collaborate on initiatives aimed at boosting tourism between their nations, including the development of joint promotional campaigns, exchange of best practices, investment in tourism infrastructure, and facilitation of travel through visa facilitation and other supportive measures.
Article 5: Food and Beverage Industry: The Parties shall foster cooperation in the food and beverage industry, exploring opportunities for joint ventures, technology transfer, and exchange of culinary expertise and traditions, with a view to promoting the growth and diversification of this sector, as well as enhancing food security and quality standards.
Article 6: Fashion and Textile Industries: The Parties shall collaborate in the fashion and textile industries, promoting bilateral trade, exchange of knowledge, joint ventures, and capacity-building initiatives, with a view to fostering innovation, enhancing market access, and supporting the development of environmentally sustainable and socially responsible practices.
Article 7: Additional Areas of Cooperation: The Parties shall endeavor to identify and pursue other areas of cooperation that may arise from time to time, in accordance with their respective national interests and priorities, and the evolving global context. Such areas may include but are not limited to, education, culture, health, environment, defense, and security.
Chapter IV
Implementations
Implementations
Article 8: Establishment of Joint Committee: The Parties shall establish a Joint Committee, composed of representatives from both nations at appropriate levels, to oversee the implementation of the Treaty and the various projects and initiatives outlined therein. The Joint Committee shall be responsible for coordinating and monitoring the progress of cooperative activities, as well as facilitating communication and information exchange between the Parties.
Article 9: Meetings of the Joint Committee: The Joint Committee shall convene at least once a year, or more frequently as deemed necessary by the Parties, to evaluate the progress of the projects and initiatives, identify new areas of cooperation, and resolve any issues that may arise in the course of implementing the Treaty. The meetings of the Joint Committee may be held in person or through electronic means, as appropriate, and shall alternate between the two countries, unless otherwise agreed upon by the Parties.
Article 10: Working Groups and Subcommittees: The Joint Committee may establish working groups or subcommittees, as required, to address specific areas of cooperation, to develop and implement joint projects, and to provide technical advice and support. These working groups or subcommittees shall report to the Joint Committee on their activities and progress.
Article 11: Public-Private Partnerships: The Parties shall encourage the participation of relevant public and private sector entities in the projects and initiatives outlined in this Treaty, recognizing the valuable contributions of diverse stakeholders in promoting sustainable development, innovation, and capacity-building.
Article 12: Exchange of Information and Best Practices: The Parties shall facilitate the exchange of information, knowledge, experiences, and best practices in the areas of cooperation, through mechanisms such as joint research, seminars, workshops, training programs, study visits, and other appropriate means.
Article 13: Financial Arrangements: The Parties shall provide, within the limits of their respective national laws, regulations, and budgetary resources, the necessary financial and technical support for the implementation of cooperative activities under this Treaty. The specific financial arrangements for each project or initiative shall be agreed upon by the Parties on a case-by-case basis.
Article 14: Dispute Resolution: Any disputes or disagreements arising from the interpretation or implementation of this Treaty shall be resolved amicably through consultation and negotiation between the Parties, without recourse to any external arbitration or judicial mechanisms.
Article 15: Reporting and Evaluation: The Parties shall regularly report on the implementation of the Treaty to their respective governments and other relevant stakeholders, and shall jointly evaluate the impact and effectiveness of the cooperative activities, with a view to informing future planning and decision-making processes.
Article 9: Meetings of the Joint Committee: The Joint Committee shall convene at least once a year, or more frequently as deemed necessary by the Parties, to evaluate the progress of the projects and initiatives, identify new areas of cooperation, and resolve any issues that may arise in the course of implementing the Treaty. The meetings of the Joint Committee may be held in person or through electronic means, as appropriate, and shall alternate between the two countries, unless otherwise agreed upon by the Parties.
Article 10: Working Groups and Subcommittees: The Joint Committee may establish working groups or subcommittees, as required, to address specific areas of cooperation, to develop and implement joint projects, and to provide technical advice and support. These working groups or subcommittees shall report to the Joint Committee on their activities and progress.
Article 11: Public-Private Partnerships: The Parties shall encourage the participation of relevant public and private sector entities in the projects and initiatives outlined in this Treaty, recognizing the valuable contributions of diverse stakeholders in promoting sustainable development, innovation, and capacity-building.
Article 12: Exchange of Information and Best Practices: The Parties shall facilitate the exchange of information, knowledge, experiences, and best practices in the areas of cooperation, through mechanisms such as joint research, seminars, workshops, training programs, study visits, and other appropriate means.
Article 13: Financial Arrangements: The Parties shall provide, within the limits of their respective national laws, regulations, and budgetary resources, the necessary financial and technical support for the implementation of cooperative activities under this Treaty. The specific financial arrangements for each project or initiative shall be agreed upon by the Parties on a case-by-case basis.
Article 14: Dispute Resolution: Any disputes or disagreements arising from the interpretation or implementation of this Treaty shall be resolved amicably through consultation and negotiation between the Parties, without recourse to any external arbitration or judicial mechanisms.
Article 15: Reporting and Evaluation: The Parties shall regularly report on the implementation of the Treaty to their respective governments and other relevant stakeholders, and shall jointly evaluate the impact and effectiveness of the cooperative activities, with a view to informing future planning and decision-making processes.
Article V
Amendments and Modifications
Amendments and Modifications
Article 16: Proposal of Amendments and Modifications: Either Party may propose amendments or modifications to this Treaty. Any proposed amendments or modifications shall be submitted in writing to the other Party through diplomatic channels, specifying the desired changes and providing justifications for such amendments or modifications.
Article 17: Negotiation and Consultation: Upon receipt of a proposed amendment or modification, the Parties shall enter into negotiations and consultations in good faith, with a view to reaching a mutual understanding and agreement on the proposed changes. These negotiations and consultations may take place through the Joint Committee or other appropriate channels, as agreed upon by the Parties.
Article 18: Adoption and Entry into Force: Amendments or modifications to this Treaty shall be deemed adopted when both Parties have provided their written consent to the proposed changes. The adopted amendments or modifications shall enter into force on a date agreed upon by the Parties, or, in the absence of such agreement, on the thirtieth day following the receipt of the last written notification of consent.
Article 19: Effect on Treaty Provisions: Amendments or modifications to this Treaty shall not affect the rights and obligations of the Parties arising from the provisions of the Treaty in force prior to the entry into force of the amendments or modifications unless otherwise agreed upon by the Parties in writing.
Article 20: Language and Authenticity: Amendments or modifications to this Treaty shall be drafted in the Spanish and Thai languages, both texts being equally authentic. In case of divergence in the interpretation of the provisions of the Treaty, as amended or modified, the Parties shall consult each other and arrive at a mutually acceptable interpretation.
Article 17: Negotiation and Consultation: Upon receipt of a proposed amendment or modification, the Parties shall enter into negotiations and consultations in good faith, with a view to reaching a mutual understanding and agreement on the proposed changes. These negotiations and consultations may take place through the Joint Committee or other appropriate channels, as agreed upon by the Parties.
Article 18: Adoption and Entry into Force: Amendments or modifications to this Treaty shall be deemed adopted when both Parties have provided their written consent to the proposed changes. The adopted amendments or modifications shall enter into force on a date agreed upon by the Parties, or, in the absence of such agreement, on the thirtieth day following the receipt of the last written notification of consent.
Article 19: Effect on Treaty Provisions: Amendments or modifications to this Treaty shall not affect the rights and obligations of the Parties arising from the provisions of the Treaty in force prior to the entry into force of the amendments or modifications unless otherwise agreed upon by the Parties in writing.
Article 20: Language and Authenticity: Amendments or modifications to this Treaty shall be drafted in the Spanish and Thai languages, both texts being equally authentic. In case of divergence in the interpretation of the provisions of the Treaty, as amended or modified, the Parties shall consult each other and arrive at a mutually acceptable interpretation.
Article VI
Duration and Termination
Duration and Termination
Article 21: Entry into Force: This Treaty shall enter into force upon the exchange of instruments of ratification between the Parties, following the completion of their respective internal legal procedures for the approval and ratification of the Treaty.
Article 22: Initial Duration: This Treaty shall remain in force for an initial period of ten (10) years from the date of its entry into force unless otherwise agreed upon in writing by the Parties.
Article 23: Extension: Unless either Party notifies the other of its intention to terminate the Treaty in accordance with Paragraph 4 of this Chapter (Article 24), the Treaty shall be automatically extended for successive periods of five (5) years, under the same terms and conditions.
Article 24: Termination: Either Party may terminate this Treaty by providing written notice of its intention to terminate through diplomatic channels at least six (6) months before the expiration of the initial period or any subsequent five-year extension. The termination shall take effect upon the expiration of the relevant period, or on a such later date as may be specified in the notice of termination.
Article 25: Continuing Validity of Projects and Agreements: The termination of this Treaty shall not affect the validity, duration, or implementation of any projects, agreements, or arrangements entered into or undertaken pursuant to this Treaty unless otherwise agreed upon in writing by the Parties. Such projects, agreements, or arrangements shall continue to be governed by their respective terms and conditions until their completion, expiration, or termination, as applicable.
Article 26: Settlement of Disputes: Any disputes arising in connection with the interpretation, application, or termination of this Treaty shall be resolved through diplomatic channels or other peaceful means agreed upon by the Parties, in accordance with international law and the principles of good faith and mutual respect.
Article 27: Survival of Provisions: The provisions of this Treaty relating to the settlement of disputes, the continuing validity of projects and agreements, and the survival of provisions shall survive the termination of the Treaty and remain in force until all outstanding issues have been resolved unless otherwise agreed upon in writing by the Parties.
Article 22: Initial Duration: This Treaty shall remain in force for an initial period of ten (10) years from the date of its entry into force unless otherwise agreed upon in writing by the Parties.
Article 23: Extension: Unless either Party notifies the other of its intention to terminate the Treaty in accordance with Paragraph 4 of this Chapter (Article 24), the Treaty shall be automatically extended for successive periods of five (5) years, under the same terms and conditions.
Article 24: Termination: Either Party may terminate this Treaty by providing written notice of its intention to terminate through diplomatic channels at least six (6) months before the expiration of the initial period or any subsequent five-year extension. The termination shall take effect upon the expiration of the relevant period, or on a such later date as may be specified in the notice of termination.
Article 25: Continuing Validity of Projects and Agreements: The termination of this Treaty shall not affect the validity, duration, or implementation of any projects, agreements, or arrangements entered into or undertaken pursuant to this Treaty unless otherwise agreed upon in writing by the Parties. Such projects, agreements, or arrangements shall continue to be governed by their respective terms and conditions until their completion, expiration, or termination, as applicable.
Article 26: Settlement of Disputes: Any disputes arising in connection with the interpretation, application, or termination of this Treaty shall be resolved through diplomatic channels or other peaceful means agreed upon by the Parties, in accordance with international law and the principles of good faith and mutual respect.
Article 27: Survival of Provisions: The provisions of this Treaty relating to the settlement of disputes, the continuing validity of projects and agreements, and the survival of provisions shall survive the termination of the Treaty and remain in force until all outstanding issues have been resolved unless otherwise agreed upon in writing by the Parties.
Done in duplicate, in the Spanish and Thai languages, both texts being equally authentic.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the authorized representatives of the Parties have executed this Agreement on the date(s) indicated below:
THE REPUBLIC OF THAILAND
The Thai Ambassador to the Kingdom of Spain
________________________
(Nattapong Suwanpakdee)
THE KINGDOM OF SPAIN
Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation
________________________
(Rafaela Lizardo)
The Thai Ambassador to the Kingdom of Spain
________________________
(Nattapong Suwanpakdee)
THE KINGDOM OF SPAIN
Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation
________________________
(Rafaela Lizardo)
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