Thailand to Tanzania | Bilateral Relations

[Bossza007]

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To: <Office of the President of the United Republic of Tanzania> Lunakz From: <Office of the Rotating Coordinator of the Socialist Republic of Thailand> Subject: Congratulations and Bilateral Relations Security Type: NSST Architecture 1.5 | Secret and Encrypted

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President Fatma Ali Mwinchumu,

The Socialist Republic of Thailand, representing 75,086 autonomous sovereign communes voluntarily federated into 77 provincial federations, congratulates your electoral victory. The Confederal Thai Government commends the transparent, inclusive, and orderly transition of power through a democratic process within your nation. The United Republic of Tanzania is among a few African nations stable enough to enter the international stage following the United Nations' collapse. Thailand has a vested interest in global peace, security, and democracy. Therefore, we want to establish diplomatic and constructive relations with your government.

The Confederal Thai Government invites the Tanzanian Government to enter a reciprocal establishment of our respective embassies within our capitals. This gesture would mark the official beginning of a long-standing and cooperative partnership between our nations. Thailand seeks to understand Tanzania’s national interests and policies to find a mutually satisfactory avenue for our collaboration. As a result, we want to dispatch a high-level delegation to conduct an official visit to Tanzania, led by the Director-General of African Affairs.

Please accept, Your Excellency, the assurance of my highest consideration and good wishes.​

Sincerely,

Thaksin Shinawatra
Rotating Coordinator
Confederal Government
Socialist Republic of Thailand

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Digital Diplomatic Communication​

 

[Lunakz]

Ofisi ya Rais
Office of the President​

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To: Thaksin Shinawatra, Rotating Coordinator of the Socialist Republic of Thailand Bossza007

From: President Fatma Ali Mwinchumu

Subject: RE: Congratulations and Bilateral Relations

Dear Coordinator Thaksin Shinawatra,

On behalf of the Government and People of the United Republic of Tanzania, I wish to extend our sincere appreciation to the Confederal Thai Government for your warm congratulations on our recent electoral process. We are heartened by your acknowledgement of the peaceful, inclusive, and democratic transition of leadership in our country.

We welcome your expressed interest in establishing formal diplomatic relations and share your desire to build a long-standing and constructive partnership. Accordingly, the United Republic of Tanzania accepts, in principle, the reciprocal establishment of embassies in Dodoma and Bangkok as a foundational step in this new relationship.

Tanzania values and upholds the principles of global equality, civil rights, and government accountability. These ideals are central to our domestic governance and our international engagement. We believe that in this new era, it is imperative for responsible states to forge principled and cooperative partnerships grounded in mutual respect and common purpose.

We are pleased to receive the proposed high-level delegation from the Confederal Thai Government, led by the Director-General of African Affairs, here in Dodoma. We welcome your delegations visit at your earliest convenience, and our Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation will coordinate with your representatives to facilitate the visit and ensure a productive exchange on matters of mutual interest.

We look forward to a dialogue that deepens our understanding of each other’s national policies, priorities, and aspirations, and to exploring avenues of collaboration that advance peace, security, and democratic governance in the international sphere.

Yours Sincerely,

Fatma Ali Mwinchumu

Office of the President
United Republic of Tanzania

 

[Bossza007]

Thai Delegation to Tanzania​

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The Thai Delegation to Tanzania, led by Director-General Busadee Santipitak, was a monumental mission for the Department of African Affairs. Historically, the Kingdom of Thailand maintained a deliberate distance from Tanzania as the former was a puppet of the United States’ Imperialism during the Cold War. However, when the proletarian revolution arrived in Thailand in 1998, the country transitioned toward a transitional confederated Socialist Republic, positioning itself as a vanguard of global communism. Tanzania remained a one-party-dominated nation-state, and the ruling political party was once a left-wing force under the Ujamaa umbrella. However, time flew, and Chama Cha Mapinduzi relinquished its socialist aims in favor of capitalist-oriented social democracy. Thailand’s goal was not to change this fact, but to ensure that Tanzania would be a responsible and progressive international actor that respects and promotes human dignity, civil liberties, economic justice, and social equality.

Director-General Busadee and her delegation members would lead Thailand’s diplomatic effort under the mandates of the National Assembly and her department's internal workers’ council. Following established international relations protocols and law, they travelled by an A330-300 from Bangkok to Dodoma. The 15-hour-long flight was tedious yet uneventful. The Thai delegation spent their time engaging in leisure activities and relaxation. They shared their life stories and updates regarding their latest creative adventures. Occasionally, they debated topics already settled in their local Community Assemblies, each representing a sovereign entity within Thailand’s confederal structure. Eventually, the Thai chartered airplane would arrive at the Dodoma Airport.

Immediately, the Thai delegation would briefly discuss any last-minute adjustments to their mission. However, their core bilateral aim was to find a mutually satisfactory agreement that would benefit both countries’ people, especially the workers. After necessary procedures and coordination between both sides, the Thai Director-General would exit the plane with a genuine smile.

Lunakz​

 

[Lunakz]

As the Thai entered Tanzanian airspace the notification would be send to the Foreign Minister's Office. Along with his delegation, Foreign Minister Mwakyembe would make his way to the airport to greet the delegation. After a short wait, the planes would come into view and make a swift landing. The delegation would watch as the their Thai counterparts would disembarked. Minister Mwakyembe would approach the Director-General. He would shake hands and exchange pleasantries.
He guided the Director-General and his fellow delegation towards the motorcade awaiting nearby. They would enter the cars and make the short 10 minute journey to the Foreign Ministry. The Minister would make small talk throughout the journey, talking about the flight and the weather.
Upon arrival, both delegations would leave the cars and head inside the building, with the Minister's assistant leading them into the relevant meeting room.
In the room feathured a long table adorned with Thai flags on one side and Tanzanian flags on the other. The Minister would gesture them to take their seat.
Once seated he would speak up - "It is a pleasure for us to host you after the long journey you've taken to be here. Are we all comfortable to begin?"

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[Bossza007]

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The Thai delegation exchanged pleasantries with the Tanzanian officials as they departed the airplane. The Thai Director-General was an honest and friendly person, and she would enjoy small talks offered by her foreign counterpart. Regardless, she would seek to understand the country’s current societal situation, as she was genuinely curious. Arriving at the Tanzanian Foreign Ministry, each Thai delegation member thanked the local workers who helped them throughout the journey in accented Tanzanian. They sat on the Thai side of the long table inside the meeting room before Busadee began speaking.

“Thank you again for such warm hospitality. We are honored to be here.” She smiled politely. “On behalf of our people, the Department of African Affairs will represent the Socialist Republic of Thailand in this bilateral dialogue with the United Republic of Tanzania. The topics we will discuss involve pre-determined proposals approved by our internal democratic structure and processes. We will ensure that the meeting is action-oriented and as flexible as possible. I apologize in advance if my team does not have the mandate to discuss some topics you might introduce during the discussion.” She picked up her tablet and documents, searching through them before continuing.

“Tanzania and Thailand are great tourist destinations, don’t you think?” She asked rhetorically. “Thailand maintains an open border policy, and all international visitors can visit Thailand through our default 30-day visa-on-arrival arrangement following necessary registration at the customs. However, the Thai people lack such an opportunity to visit a vibrant country like Tanzania. Tourism is a main avenue for cultural exchange, fostering people-to-people ties. Whether you are Asian or African, we remain humanity’s species member, and it is in our best interests that nothing can divide us from our brothers and sisters. Our Department imagines Thai visitors to immerse themselves in Tanzania, from watching Hippos in the Lake Manyara National Park to climbing Mount Kilimanjaro. The possibilities are endless!” She proclaimed with genuine conviction.

“For starters, Thailand can unilaterally extend its visa policy toward Tanzanian passport holders to 60 days. In return, we expect a reciprocal visa-on-arrival arrangement of a 30-day in minimum duration. Thailand wishes to establish a friendly and cooperative relationship with Tanzania. Why would we decide to become partners if our governments can’t even trust our citizens to visit our countries? Thailand and Tanzania are part of the Global South. Western and imperialist nations have historically exploited us and continue to deny their responsibilities to this day. We must unite and help one another, right?” She asked expectantly.

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[Lunakz]

The Foreign Minister would pause for a moment to consider the Thai representatives' proposal before speaking up:

"Indeed, both Tanzania and Thailand are blessed with natural beauty, rich cultural heritage, and vibrant societies. We agree that tourism offers a powerful means of promoting social ties, mutual understanding, and long-term friendship. We also appreciate your generous proposal to extend the visa policy for Tanzanian citizens to 60 days.

Recognising the potential benefits of a encouraging tourism, I can agree to a reciprocal visa-on-arrival arrangement of 30-days.

However, I do have reservations. Both of our nations must remain vigilant to ensure that a visa liberalisation does not inadvertently create space for criminal activity, overstays, or other forms of irregular migration.

Therefore, I can only agree on the condition that 2 additional agreements are made. An Extradition Treaty and A Bilateral Agreement on the Repatriation of Convicted Nationals.
The Extradition Treaty between our two nations will allow for the swift and lawful return of individuals who may attempt to evade justice by crossing our borders.
Additionally, the Repatriation of Convicted Nationals would provide for the return of individuals to their home countries upon conviction, allowing them to serve sentences or undergo rehabilitation within the country of their nationality.

These agreements will foster greater security and legal safeguards for both our respective citizens. Are these terms something that you can agree to?"

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Director-General Busadee nodded enthusiastically and said, “Of course, those conditions are agreeable. Thailand has the same proposal as other countries in a visa liberalization agreement with our country. We will have you review the language in the final treaty.” She paused for a moment to look at her delegation members. “Moving on, let’s talk about trade. Thailand has the fastest-growing economy in the world, and we expect to surpass the United States within a few quarters. Tanzania can benefit greatly from trading with our country. We suggest eliminating our tariffs on all products, given that our countries adhere to globally recognized labor laws. It includes fair wage, right to collective bargaining, the right to unionization, and safe workplace practices and environments. This arrangement will remain a trade agreement unless we eliminate our non-tariff barriers, and it becomes an FTA.

Additionally, Thailand and Tanzania must cooperate technologically to ensure that innovation serves our people and a more sustainable future. Clean energy independence will strengthen our sovereignty and reduce the leverage other nations can use to exploit us. Our scientists must collaborate to innovate new technologies that will improve our democratic processes.”

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[Lunakz]

Foreign Minister Mwakyembe was almost surprised how quickly the Director-General agreed to the terms with little persuasion, he was expecting at least some pushback.
"That's perfect!", the Minister stated, "I'm glad that we've come to a mutually beneficial agreement on the subject."

The Minister listened to the economic proposal with optimism yet reserved concerns.

"We appreciate Thailand’s commitment to partnership and your vision for deeper trade and technological cooperation. We fully support collaboration that promotes sustainable development and mutual benefit.

That said, while Thailand’s global economic stature and advancement is undeniable, if I may be so forward, we are concerned about the current status of your economy; we are mindful of the current fiscal challenges your country is facing.
With our economic program, Tanzania is forecasted to be one of the fastest growing economies globally, and with that we must carefully assess how deeper integration with a less stabilised economy might impact our stability.
Consequently, we unfortunately cannot agree to a blanket Free Trade Agreement as we may need to rely on a tariff regime to protect markets. However, we are open to the possibility of a trade agreement incorporating certain limited products for import and export.

Additionally, we’re certainly open to exploring phased cooperation, especially in areas like clean energy and innovation, but we believe a cautious, sector-by-sector approach is more appropriate at this stage. This will allow us to build trust and resilience in our partnership over time, and allow our businesses to prepare for the idea of greater Thai-Tanzanian economic cooperation further down the line."

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The Thai delegation smiled politely in response to the Tanzanian Foreign Minister’s enthusiastic reaction. They would discuss among themselves regarding the precise language of the agreement as Director-General Busadee moved on to the next topic. “Oh yes, the ever-persisting question of what defines a stable economy. It's quite amusing now that you mention it. Since you are so forward, I must remind you that it is the Socialist Republic of Thailand that is risking itself engaging with a nation credit rating agencies deem unreliable. Shouldn’t we be the ones demanding your answer? I wonder why everyone else perceives Thailand as credible at such a debt level. Perhaps it is because we have always repaid it on time? Regardless, I digress.” She giggled to herself.

“Anyway, your counterproposal is agreeable. Tanzania’s concerns are also Thailand’s. The Confederal Government will unilaterally eliminate all tariffs for Tanzanian exports under the following categories: Precious Metals, Mineral Products, Metals, Raw Cotton, and Vegetable Products. Of course, they would need to align with internationally recognized labor standards. We don’t want to trade with a country that violates human rights. I understand that these categories have always been your country’s major exports.” She paused to emphasize.

“In return, Thailand wants Tanzania to gradually decrease its tariffs for our Machines, Chemical Products, Transportation vehicles, and Foodstuffs. We are perfectly agreeable to your country’s most convenient timeframe and final tariff rates. Of course, even though you reject this term, Thailand will still unilaterally reduce its trade barriers for your goods. We are here to cooperate and build a long-lasting relationship.” She nodded to her team members and continued. “We want to hear what you mean by a phased sector-to-sector cooperation for renewable energy and innovation.”

Lunakz​

 

[Lunakz]

Foreign Minister Mwakyembe was somewhat insulted by the Director-General's not-so-subtle jab. In an attempt to defuse a potential spat, the Foreign Minister continued:
"I apologise, I did not intend offense, it was a genuine concern of the cabinet coming into this meeting.

Eliminating all tariffs is a generous gesture and yes thats correct. Precious Metals, Mineral Products, Metals, Raw Cotton and Vegetable Products are resources in which we have the highest export capacities, and we are more than willing to export these goods.

Your suggested export products are agreeable. We can arrange to gradually decrease our flat-rate tariff of 8% to 2% on these Thai products, with the rate of decrease subject to economic conditions advised by our Ministry of Industries, Trade, and Investment, if that is agreeable with you.

Yes I was somewhat vague, wasn't I." The Minister joked. "Let me elaborate. What I am referring to by 'a phased sector-to-sector cooperation' is the gradual, or phased, implementation of such partnership. Firstly, I propose academic partnerships between with universities and technical institutes for renewable energy research and innovation training. This can be partnered alongside pilot 'mini' projects. Dependent on the success of these, and of course subject to agreement at the time, the second phase would be to implement our partnership into specified sectors within the economy, such as agriculture, transport and green industrial parks, for example. Is this something your government is willing to consider?"

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Director-General Busadee nodded and responded after a period of hushed Thai conversations among the delegation. It appeared that they stumbled upon a grey area regarding confederal mandates. However, it appeared that they had solved the question by the time the conversation ended. “Yes, of course, that is perfectly agreeable. Thailand lacks access to underground resources, so we are more than willing to import Tanzanian raw materials. Additionally, your government can still generate some revenues from our exports without eliminating all tariffs. Ultimately, lowering it to 2% is very generous. We thank you for it. My team will ensure that no fixed timeline and steps exist as the decision will rest upon your Ministry of Industries, Trade, and Investment.” She smiled and moved on quickly.

“Regarding your elaboration, I have discussed the proposal with my delegation. It is acceptable. A few hurdles existed on our side, but it is an ordinary domestic democratic process. You do not need to worry about why we were so engrossed among ourselves just a moment before. Thailand has an academic institution called the Renewable Energy Training and Research Institute. It is a specialized educational and research facility that aims to advance the field of renewable energy technologies in Thailand and beyond. The confederal government doesn’t control such an institution, but the provincial federation that owns it has recently expressed written interest in international collaboration.

Moreover, Thailand also boasts a vast, interdisciplinary complex covering 500 acres called the Thai Global Innovation Hub. Connected by high-speed rail, it is approximately 50 kilometers northwest of Bangkok. It is known for its research in Artificial Intelligence, Biotechnology, Renewable Energy, and Advanced Manufacturing. We would love to have Tanzanian scientists working inside our Global Collaboration Zones. We propose that these academic and technical institutions autonomously determine the most suitable mini-projects. Afterward, our governments can review the success and begin the second phase. I also want to mention that Tanzania would benefit greatly from cooperation with our agriculture sector. We are renowned for our network of Agri-Tech Centers across the nations. We have built 21 of such centers.”

Lunakz​

 

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Lunakz

 

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"I'm glad we can come to a agreement that benefit both of our trade demands" The Foreign Minister stated.

"We appreciate your openness and constructive approach to our proposed collaboration. Understanding the domestic processes that sometimes require careful consideration is crucial in such engagements, and I am happy to hear that the local authority can agree to facilitate our exchange."

"If your are willing to host our scientists in you Global Collaboration Zone project, we would appreciate the opportunity to participate in the program, and would like to thank you for the invitation. We would value the input of these Thai institutions in their recommendation of mini-projects."

"As for your proposal for agricultural cooperation, given Tanzania is still classed as a predominantly agrarian economy, we are looking for ways to modernise this sector. That said, Agri-Tech Centres do sound quite advanced...too advanced maybe for our current economic situation. Introducing high tech methods at tax payer expense is not necessarily an area we're prioritising given that there are already projects in the works to bring agriculture to modern standards....we may simply be too unready to embrace Agri-Tech, though we do appreciate the suggestion."

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Director-General Busadee said: “Everything is agreeable, Foreign Minister. We understand the limitation on your side regarding Tanzania’s agrarian economy. The history of profound colonial extraction and resource exploitation would predict it. Thailand was partially modernizing its agricultural sector to reduce the urban-rural divide.” She paused to smile before remarking. “We have a few agreements on our hands, and my team would like to present them. I hope we can finalize and ratify it before this current administration’s term ends.”​

AGREEMENT 1

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Bilateral Agreement on Tourism Cooperation Between the Socialist Republic of Thailand and the United Republic of Tanzania​

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Preamble​

The Socialist Republic of Thailand and the United Republic of Tanzania (hereinafter referred to as "the Parties"),

DESIRING to strengthen the bonds of friendship and cooperation between their respective nations and peoples;

RECOGNIZING the importance of facilitating mutual understanding, cultural exchange, and people-to-people ties;

COMMITTED to upholding the principles of human dignity, civil liberties, due process, and social justice in international relations;

DETERMINED to combat criminal activity and ensure legal safeguards for their respective citizens;

EMPHASIZING the mutual benefit derived from enhancing cooperation in matters of immigration and judicial assistance;

HAVE AGREED as follows:

Article I: Visa Liberalization

1. The Socialist Republic of Thailand shall extend a visa-free stay period of up to sixty (60) days for citizens of the United Republic of Tanzania holding valid passports, for tourism or short-term visit purposes, subject to prevailing national security regulations and standard entry requirements.
2. The United Republic of Tanzania shall reciprocate by granting citizens of the Socialist Republic of Thailand holding valid passports a visa-on-arrival facility for a minimum stay period of thirty (30) days, for tourism or short-term visit purposes, subject to prevailing national security regulations and standard entry requirements.
3. Each Party reserves the right to deny entry or shorten the permitted stay of any individual, or to amend these provisions in accordance with its national laws and regulations, provided that such actions are undertaken with due notification and in good faith.
4. This Article aims to foster greater tourism, cultural exchange, and direct engagement between the peoples of the two nations, promoting a deeper understanding and solidarity.

Article II: Repatriation of Convicted Nationals

1. The Parties agree to facilitate the repatriation of persons convicted and sentenced to a term of imprisonment or other deprivation of liberty in the territory of one Party, to serve the remainder of their sentence in the territory of the other Party of which they are a national, in accordance with the provisions of this Treaty.
2. Repatriation may be requested by either the sentencing State or the State of nationality. Repatriation shall be subject to the mutual consent of both Parties and the explicit, voluntary consent of the convicted person.
3. The transferring Party shall provide the receiving Party with all necessary documents pertaining to the conviction, sentence, and any other relevant legal or medical information, to enable the receiving Party to continue the enforcement of the sentence.
4. The receiving Party shall be responsible for the continued enforcement of the sentence, in accordance with its national laws and procedures. The length of the sentence shall not be increased, and any period of pre-trial detention or sentence already served shall be taken into account. The receiving Party shall also consider rehabilitation and social reintegration of the repatriated individual, consistent with its domestic justice principles.
5. The costs incurred in the repatriation of a convicted national shall be borne by the receiving Party, unless otherwise agreed upon by the Parties.
6. This Article aims to promote the social reintegration and rehabilitation of convicted individuals within their home communities, emphasizing humanitarian considerations and fostering a more just and humane approach to penal practices.

Article III: Extradition

1. The Parties agree to extradite to each other, in accordance with the provisions of this Treaty, persons who are wanted for prosecution or for the imposition or enforcement of a sentence in the requesting State for an extraditable offense.
2. An offense shall be an extraditable offense if it is punishable under the laws of both Parties by imprisonment or other deprivation of liberty for a maximum period of at least one (1) year, or by a more severe penalty. Where extradition is sought for the enforcement of a sentence, the remaining portion of the sentence to be served must be at least six (6) months.
3. Extradition shall be granted only upon sufficient evidence, as determined by the legal framework of the requested State, that the person sought has committed an extraditable offense. The Parties shall ensure that due process and fair trial rights, as enshrined in their respective constitutions and international human rights law, are rigorously upheld throughout the extradition process.
4. Extradition shall not be granted if the offense for which extradition is requested is a political offense. However, this exception shall not apply to crimes of violence or terrorism recognized as offenses under multilateral international conventions to which both Parties are party.
5. The requested Party shall refuse extradition if there are substantial grounds for believing that the request has been made for the purpose of prosecuting or punishing a person on account of their race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, nationality, or political opinion, or that the person’s position may be prejudiced for any of these reasons.
6. The request for extradition shall be made through diplomatic channels and shall be supported by documents and information as specified by the laws of the requested State.

Article IV: General Provisions

1. Entry into Force: This Agreement shall enter into force on the date of the exchange of the instruments of ratification, or on such other date as the Parties may mutually agree through diplomatic notes.
2. Duration and Termination: This Agreement shall remain in force indefinitely. Either Party may terminate this Agreement by giving written notice through diplomatic channels. Such termination shall take effect six (6) months after the date of receipt of the notification by the other Party. Termination of this Agreement shall not affect any extradition or repatriation proceedings initiated prior to the effective date of termination.
3. Amendments: This Agreement may be amended or modified at any time by mutual written consent of the Parties through diplomatic channels.
4. Dispute Resolution: Any dispute arising out of the interpretation or implementation of this Agreement shall be settled amicably through consultations or negotiations between the Parties through diplomatic channels.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto by their respective Governments, have signed this Agreement.

Done in duplicate at Dodoma, United Republic of Tanzania, on this 12th day of January, 2007, in the Thai, Swahili, and English languages, all texts being equally authentic. In case of any divergence in interpretation, the English text shall prevail.

FOR THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF THAILAND
_____________________________
[Busadee Santipitak]
Director-General of African Affairs
Ministry of Foreign Affairs

FOR THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA
_____________________________
[George Mwakyembe]
Foreign Minister
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation
​

AGREEMENT 2

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Bilateral Agreement on the Economic Exchange and Technological Cooperation Between the Socialist Republic of Thailand and the United Republic of Tanzania​

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Preamble​

The Socialist Republic of Thailand and the United Republic of Tanzania (hereinafter referred to as "the Parties"),

Recalling the cordial exchange of diplomatic notes and the mutual desire expressed to establish and deepen a long-standing and constructive partnership;

Guided by their shared commitment to global peace, security, and democratic governance, and reaffirming their respective foundational principles;

Recognizing the profound benefits of fostering robust people-to-people ties, enhancing economic cooperation based on principles of equity and mutual benefit, and advancing technological and scientific collaboration for sustainable development;

Committed to strengthening bilateral relations through transparent and mutually beneficial agreements;

HAVE AGREED as follows:

Article I: Purpose

This Agreement aims to foster reciprocal economic exchange and technological cooperation between the Socialist Republic of Thailand and the United Republic of Tanzania, strengthening their bilateral relations across various sectors for the mutual benefit of their peoples and in the spirit of international solidarity.

Article II: Trade Agreement

1. Elimination of Thai Tariffs: The Socialist Republic of Thailand shall eliminate all tariffs for exports originating from the United Republic of Tanzania under the following categories:
   • Precious Metals
   • Mineral Products
   • Metals
   • Raw Cotton
   • Vegetable Products
   This elimination is contingent upon these products' adherence to internationally recognized labor standards, including fair wage, the right to collective bargaining, the right to unionization, and safe workplace practices and environments.
2. Reduction of Tanzanian Tariffs: The United Republic of Tanzania shall gradually decrease its flat-rate tariffs for imports originating from the Socialist Republic of Thailand on the following categories:
   • Machines
   • Chemical Products
   • Transportation Vehicles
   • Foodstuffs
   The tariffs shall be gradually reduced from the current 8% to a final rate of 2%. The rate and timeline of this decrease shall be subject to the economic conditions and advice provided by the Ministry of Industries, Trade, and Investment of the United Republic of Tanzania.
3. Thai Trade Barrier Reduction: Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 2 of this Article, the Socialist Republic of Thailand reaffirms its commitment to reduce its trade barriers for Tanzanian goods, even beyond the specified categories, to foster a cooperative trade environment.
4. Trade Principles: Both Parties agree to conduct trade relations based on principles of mutual benefit, sustainable development, and fair valuation, promoting economic exchange that supports the well-being of their respective populations and adheres to ethical labor practices.

Article III: Technological and Scientifical Cooperation

1. Overarching Commitment: The Parties commit to fostering technological and scientific cooperation that serves the collective well-being of their peoples and contributes to a more sustainable future, particularly in areas that strengthen economic sovereignty and democratic processes.
   
2. Phased Cooperation in Renewable Energy and Innovation (Phase 1: Academic Partnerships and Pilot Projects:
   • The Parties shall facilitate academic partnerships between their respective universities and technical institutes to collaborate on renewable energy research and innovation training programs.
   • This phase shall include the implementation of pilot "mini" projects in renewable energy. Thai institutions, including the Renewable Energy Training and Research Institute (RETRI) and the Thai Global Innovation Hub (TGIH), shall autonomously determine the most suitable mini-projects for this collaboration.
3. Phased Cooperation in Renewable Energy and Innovation (Phase 2: Sector-Specific Implementation):
   • Building upon the successful outcomes of Phase 1, and subject to further mutual agreement between the Parties, the partnership shall be implemented into specified sectors within their economies, which may include agriculture, transport, and green industrial parks.
4. Global Collaboration Zones: The United Republic of Tanzania accepts the invitation for Tanzanian scientists to participate in and work within the Global Collaboration Zones at Thailand's Global Innovation Hub, fostering direct scientific exchange and collaborative research.

Article IV: Implementation and Review

1. The Parties shall establish appropriate mechanisms for the effective implementation and continuous monitoring of this Agreement.
2. High-level representatives from both Ministries of Foreign Affairs and relevant sectoral ministries shall meet periodically to review the progress of cooperation, identify new areas for collaboration, and address any challenges that may arise.

Article V: General Provisions

1. Entry into Force: This Agreement shall enter into force on the date of the exchange of the instruments of ratification, or on such other date as the Parties may mutually agree through diplomatic notes.
2. Duration and Termination: This Agreement shall remain in force indefinitely. Either Party may terminate this Agreement by giving written notice through diplomatic channels. Such termination shall take effect six (6) months after the date of receipt of the notification by the other Party. Termination of this Agreement shall not affect any extradition or repatriation proceedings initiated prior to the effective date of termination.
3. Amendments: This Agreement may be amended or modified at any time by mutual written consent of the Parties through diplomatic channels.
4. Dispute Resolution: Any dispute arising out of the interpretation or implementation of this Agreement shall be settled amicably through consultations or negotiations between the Parties through diplomatic channels.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto by their respective Governments, have signed this Agreement.

Done in duplicate at Dodoma, United Republic of Tanzania, on this 12th day of January, 2007, in the Thai, Swahili, and English languages, all texts being equally authentic. In case of any divergence in interpretation, the English text shall prevail.

FOR THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF THAILAND
_____________________________
[Busadee Santipitak]
Director-General of African Affairs
Ministry of Foreign Affairs

FOR THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA
_____________________________
[George Mwakyembe]
Foreign Minister
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation
​

Lunakz