Thailand Ministry of Foreign Affair

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Part of Executive Branch​ Council of Ministers of Thailand​ The 55th Cabinet of Thailand The 3rd Cabinet of the Republic​	Surin Pitsuwan​ Director-General of ASEAN, Oceania, and Pacific Affairs​	Panthipha Iamsuttha Ekarohit​ Director-General of European Affairs​
Surakiart Sathirathai​ Minister of Foreign Affairs​	Tongruedee Makbun​ Director-General of Asian Affairs​	Nattaphon Khanthahiran​ Director-General of Middle East Affairs​
Sukhumbhand Paribatra​ ​ Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs​	Busadee Santipitak​ Director-General of African Affairs​	Phinsuda Chainam​ Director-General of Americas Affairs​

 

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Document Title: Thailand Foreign Policy Three Pillars
Reference Name: FPP Document
Classification: Official
Security Type: Public

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X1.0 OverviewX

Thailand Foreign Policy Three Pillars is an official and public document published and updated by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Thailand on a regular basic. The FPP document contains information and resource pertinent to the public interests regarding the paramount values and guiding lights of the foreign policy of Thailand. This document is designed to provide an overview of how Thailand approach international relations within its set of rules and ideas. The FPP is part of the Thai Government official foreign policy under the Transparency and Information Act of 2003.

X2.0 Human Rights, Humanitarianism, and Humanism (3Hs)X

The Republic of Thailand’s foreign policy begins with a profound dedication to Human Rights, Humanitarianism, and Humanism (3Hs) as its foundational ethical framework. Since its establishment as a republic, Thailand has embraced an unwavering commitment to protecting and advancing human rights both domestically and globally. With a historic legacy that once endured authoritarianism and human rights violations, Thailand now sees itself as a global defender of human dignity and freedom, with a duty to address humanitarian crises and promote human welfare beyond its borders. Central to the 3Hs pillar is Thailand’s recognition of the "responsibility to protect"—the moral obligation to intervene, support, and advocate for those in dire circumstances, whether from poverty, conflict, disaster, or systemic oppression.

Thailand leads humanitarian efforts with a proactive stance, mobilizing resources rapidly and supporting international collective responses to emergencies. Thai foreign policy promotes the decisive yet diplomatic response to human rights violations, driven by a belief that human rights should be the bedrock of international relations. Whether through disaster relief, medical support, or diplomatic measures, Thailand extends its resources and influence to ensure the safety, dignity, and autonomy of all people. In practice, Thailand’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, along with Thai humanitarian agencies, works closely with nations and organizations sharing a commitment to human rights. Through partnerships and transparent diplomacy, Thailand has established itself as a reliable humanitarian ally. Every Thai diplomatic mission is informed by a pledge to uphold human rights and advocate for humane treatment worldwide, embodying Thailand’s core belief that true peace and progress stem from respecting and fostering human dignity for all.

X3.0 Democracy, Due Process, and Development (3Ds)X

Thailand's commitment to Democracy, Due Process, and Development (3Ds) reflects its dedication to a just, fair, and democratic world. As a socialist republic founded on participatory democracy, Thailand champions the belief that true democracy respects the collective will of people in all governance forms, extending this ethos into its international relations. Democracy, in Thailand's view, transcends periodic elections and embodies deep public participation and community engagement at all levels of government. The country actively supports democratic institutions worldwide, providing expertise, resources, and moral support to nations committed to enhancing democratic processes.

The principle of due process underpins Thailand’s advocacy for fair legal proceedings, free from coercion or discrimination. Thailand passionately believes that everyone has an inherent right to a fair trial and legal protections that respect their dignity and individual rights. Thai foreign policy openly promotes the adoption of due process in international legal practices, urging fellow nations to uphold standards that protect individual freedoms. Additionally, as a nation committed to peacebuilding, Thailand considers inclusive development essential for lasting stability, believing that economic disparity often underlies global conflicts. Thailand advocates for comprehensive infrastructure investment, social welfare, and technological advancements as pillars for sustainable development worldwide.

Thailand’s Development Assistance Program (TDAP) emphasizes these goals, supporting projects focused on education, healthcare, and economic infrastructure. Thailand’s stance on development respects each nation’s sovereignty while recognizing the global benefits of shared prosperity. Through the 3Ds framework, Thailand stands as a beacon for democracy and sustainable growth, promoting a future where all societies can thrive in equality and justice.

X4.0 Justice, Liberty, Opportunity, Vision, Equality (JLOVE)X

Guided by a vision for a fairer and more balanced world, Thailand’s Justice, Liberty, Opportunity, Vision, Equality (JLOVE) framework lays the foundation for its approach to ethical, respectful international relations. Justice is the cornerstone, with Thailand asserting that all nations and individuals deserve fair treatment and equitable opportunities. Thailand respects the complexities of global relations but remains steadfast in advocating for justice without prejudice or favoritism. This commitment to justice is coupled with a dedication to liberty for all nations and peoples, upholding the principle that sovereignty is sacrosanct, and each nation has the right to shape its path without undue influence or coercion.

Thailand’s dedication to providing opportunities—both domestically and internationally—reflects its vision of a world where each individual and community has the chance to thrive. The Thai government actively supports initiatives that expand access to education, healthcare, and technology, fostering economic and social equality as cornerstones of peace and prosperity. Under JLOVE, vision is the aspirational force driving Thailand to imagine and work toward a world of mutual respect, shared resources, and interconnected growth. Thailand approaches diplomacy with a proactive mindset, believing in the potential of cooperative progress.

Lastly, Thailand’s commitment to equality underscores its foreign policy philosophy, viewing all nations and peoples as partners rather than subordinates. In practical terms, Thailand ensures equal treatment in diplomatic engagements, trade agreements, and international forums. By upholding the values of JLOVE, Thailand aspires to lead by example, working toward a world that embraces justice, celebrates liberty, fosters opportunity, envisions shared futures, and affirms the intrinsic equality of all global citizens.​

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Document Title: Thailand’s Global Demcracy Assessment
Reference Name: GDA Document
Classification: Official
Security Type: Public

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1.0 Overview

Thailand’s Global Democracy Assessment document is an official and public document, in accordance with Transparency and Information Act of 2003, published and updated by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on a regular basic. The GDA document contains information and resource pertinent to the public interests regarding the status of democracies worldwide and how the Ministry of Foreign Affairs assesses them. This document is designed to provide an overview of how Thailand views and interprets variations and forms of democratic governance worldwide. The GDA is part of the Thai Government official foreign policy.

2.0 Map of Global Democracies

Full Image: 10,000 × 5,038 pixels, file size: 3,306.5 KB​

3.0 Full Democracy

Full Democracy, or locally known as Socialist Participatory Democracy in Thailand, is viewed by Thailand as the pinnacle of democratic governance. This system is characterized by extensive citizen involvement in decision-making processes at all levels of society, from local communities to national policies-making. Economic democracy is a cornerstone, with worker-owned cooperatives and democratic control of the means of production. Public services are universally accessible, and there is a strong emphasis on substantive equality in both opportunities and outcomes.

Countries in this category, with Thailand as the prime example, feature decentralized planning mechanisms, regular public assemblies, and the use of technology to facilitate direct democracy. The state actively works to dismantle systemic inequalities and ensure that marginalized voices are heard and represented. In these nations, the line between the government and the people is intentionally blurred, with rotating positions of authority and a culture of collective responsibility.

4.0 Advanced Democracy

Advanced Democracies are nations that exhibit many features of full democracy but may not have fully realized all aspects of socialist participatory governance. These countries have made significant strides in economic democracy, with a large portion of the economy under social ownership and democratic control. They feature robust system of workplace democracy and community-level decision-making. Countries within this category include Vietnam and Sweden.

However, they might retain some elements of representative democracy or democratic centralism alongside direct participation, or their market might still play a more significant role in resource allocation compared to fully planned economies. These nations are typically characterized by strong social safety nets, progressive taxation, and policies aimed at reducing wealth inequality. While they prioritize collective well-being, they may still be ongoing debates and struggles over the extend of social ownership and the role of the markets.

5.0 Substantive Democracy

Countries classified as substantive democracies, known in Thailand as social democratic nations, have made significant progress towards participatory governance and economic democracy, but still operate within a predominately capitalist economic framework. These nations feature robust welfare states, strong labor unions, and extensive public services. They often incorporate elements of participatory democracy such as referendums on major issues or participatory budgeting at local levels. Countries under this category include New Zealand, Australia, China, Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Spain, and Portugal.

While these countries maintain private ownership of many industries, they implement strict regulations to curb corporate power and protect workers’ rights. There is a strong emphasis on environmental sustainability and social justice. However, from Thailand’s perspective, these nations fall short of full democracy due to continued existence of significant private control over the means of production and the persistence of class distinctions, albeit less pronounced than in more capitalist-oriented societies.

6.0 Formal Democracy

In the Thai classification, formal democracy refers to traditional liberal democracy nations that occupy a middle ground, recognized for their democratic institutions but criticized for their limitations. These nations typically feature regular elections, separation of powers, and protected civil liberties. However, they are viewed as failing short of true democracy due to the outsized influence of wealth in political processes and the limited scope of democratic participation in economic matters. Countries in this category include Korea, Russia, Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada.

The Thai assessment focuses on how these systems often result in de facto oligarchy, with economic elites wielding disproportionate political power. While citizens have formal political rights, their substantive ability to shape policy is seen as limited by economic inqualities and the commodification of political influence through campaign financing and lobbying. The focus on individual rights over collective well-being is also viewed critically from the Thai perspective.

7.0 Limited Democracy

Also known as illiberal democracies or hybrid regimes, nations in this category maintain some democratic institutions and processes, but these are significant compromised by authoritarian tendencies or structural limitations. These countries might hold regular elections, but the fairness of these elections is often questionable. There may be restriction on press freedom, limited independence of the judiciary, or systemic suppression of opposition voices. Countries in this category include Turkey and Ukraine.

In economic terms, these nations often feature a high concentration of wealth among a small elite, with this economic power translating into political influence. While there may be some spaces for civil society and political opposition, these are often constrained and subject to government interference. From Thailand’s viewpoint, these systems fail to provide meaningful democratic participation or economic empowerment for the majority of citizens.

8.0 Guided Democracy

Countries classified as guided democracy are associated with authoritarian systems with democratic facades that maintain the outward appearance of democratic institutions while actual power is heavily concentrated in the hands of a ruling elite or single party. Elections in these nations are typically non-competitive or manipulated to ensure predetermined outcomes. While there may be a parliament or legislature, its role is often rubber-stamping decisions made by the executive. Countries in this category include France, Iraq, and Japan.

In these systems, the state usually exerts significant control over the media, civil society organizations, and the judiciary. Economic power is typically concentrated among-state-affiliated elites or within state-owned enterprises that operate without democratic oversight. While these regimes might claim to act in the people’s interest, there are few genuine mechanisms for popular participation or accountability.

9.0 Autocracy

At the far end of the spectrum, autocracies represent the antithesis of democracy in the Thai classification system. These regimes are characterized by the concentration of the power in the hands of a single individual, family, or small group. There are no meaningful elections, no independent judiciary, and severe restrictions on civil liberties and political rights. Countries in this category include Poland, India and Egypt.

In absolute monarchies or totalitarian states, hereditary or charismatic leader hold supreme authority, often claiming divine rights, traditional legitimacy, or leadership against perceived external threat. In dictatorships, power might be held by military juntas, single-party states, or personalist regimes. Economic decision-making in these systems is typically centralized and serves the interests of the ruling elite rather than the broader population. From Thailand’s perspective, these systems represent the complete negation of democratic principles and popular sovereignty.​

 

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Document Title: Thailand’s Strategic Alliance Network
Reference Name: SAN Document
Classification: Official
Security Type: Public

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1.0 Overview

The Strategic Alliance Network document is an official and public document published by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Thailand in accordance with the Transparency and Information Act of 2003. This document provides comprehensive information about Thailand's formal alliance system, focusing on our strategic partnerships with the Empire of France and the Kingdom of Sweden. The SAN document serves to illuminate the nature, scope, and significance of these alliances for both domestic and international audiences.

2.0 Alliance Framework Principles

Thailand's alliance network is built upon the foundational principles of mutual respect, shared responsibilities, and common aspirations for global development. While Thailand maintains its position as a leading global power and the bastion of socialist democracy, its alliances demonstrate the commitment to working across ideological boundaries for the greater good of humanity. These partnerships exemplify Thailand's belief that international cooperation can transcend political systems when founded on genuine mutual understanding and respect.

3.0 The Franco-Thai Harmonious Accord

The relationship between Thailand and France represents one of the most significant cross-ideological partnerships in modern diplomatic history. The Harmonious Accord, signed on February 21, 2003, formalized this unique alliance between a socialist republic and an imperial power. This partnership demonstrates Thailand's pragmatic approach to international relations and its commitment to global stability through diverse alliances.

The Accord encompasses five key areas of cooperation:

1. Economic Partnership: Joint initiatives in sustainable economic development, focusing on combining Thailand's industrial capabilities with France's technical excellence.
2. Technological Collaboration: Shared research and development projects, particularly in advanced technologies where both nations maintain their technological advantage over other states.
3. Cultural Exchange: Extensive programs promoting mutual understanding between Thai and French societies, including educational exchanges and artistic collaborations.
4. Military Cooperation: Joint military exercises, strategic planning, and defense technology sharing, strengthening both nations' security capabilities.
5. Sustainable Development: Combined efforts in environmental protection and climate change mitigation, leveraging both nations' technological capabilities.

4.0 The Thai-Swedish Strategic Partnership

The alliance between Thailand and Sweden, formalized through the Thaksin-Reinfeldt Communiqué, represents a natural partnership between two nations committed to social progress and humanitarian values. This relationship is particularly significant as it connects Thailand with one of its most respected international partners, bridging the gap between socialist participatory democracy and social democracy.

Key aspects of this partnership include:

1. Humanitarian Cooperation: Joint initiatives in international aid and development, building on both nations' strong commitment to global humanitarian causes.
2. Democratic Exchange: Regular dialogue and knowledge sharing about different models of democratic governance and citizen participation.
3. Technological Innovation: Collaborative research and development projects, particularly in sustainable technologies and social innovations.
4. Security Cooperation: Strategic military partnership and joint training exercises, enhancing regional stability.

5.0 Future Prospects

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs continues to strengthen these alliances through regular diplomatic exchanges, joint projects, and strategic initiatives. While maintaining these core partnerships, Thailand remains open to expanding its alliance network with nations that share its commitment to global peace, humanitarian values, and sustainable development.

The success of these alliances demonstrates that international cooperation can thrive despite differences in political systems when founded on mutual respect and shared humanitarian values. These partnerships continue to evolve and strengthen, contributing to global stability and progress.​